Dear all,

Module 3 : Power Plant Briefing & Scheme Tracing

UNIT I (POWER PLANT BRIEFING & SCHEMES TRACING-1)

Scheme briefing in classroom: Boiler Drum connections, feed regenerating heating system, air,
and flue gas path. Classroom briefing on fuel oil system and milling system Classroom briefing on
mainstream, cold reheat; hot reheat lines, condensate & feed water lines, BFP, CW schemes.
Classroom briefing on hydrogen cooling, stator water, seal oil, switchyard, GT, UAT, breakers, bus
bars, 66 KV / 420 KV switchgears.

Scheme Tracing: Coal handling receiving points, stocking lines, weighing, sampling, screening,
crushing, bunker filling, conveyors, tension arrangement for conveyors.

Oil Handling: Unloading arrangements, oil tank mountings, oil pump house connections, tank
heating and tracing heating, pipe line layout with provisions for expansion

Boiler Feed Water Schemes: Feed control station arrangement, economizer connections,
economizer re- circulation lines, boiler drum water wall connections, drain header, blow down
lines, CBD, IBD expanders, SH/RH attemperator station.

Air and Flue Gas Schemes: Location of FD, PA, Seal Air, IF Fans, Fan control devices, damper
arrangements, primary air, secondary air and flue gas paths, Scanner air, seal air schemes, Wind
box and burner arrangement, Fuel Schemes, Scheme of RC bunkers and RC feeders, coal mill
connections, Light oil and atomizing air system, location of trip valves, control valves, nozzles
valves, igniters, Heavy oil and atomizing steam system

Water Treatment Plant Raw water tanks to DM water storage tanks, arrangement of Pr. Sand /
Activated carbon filters, cat ion, anion, mixed beds, degasifying lines, provision for back
cooling, regeneration, phosphate and hydrazine dozing scheme.

Ash Handling: Bottom Ash disposal, BAH (bottom ash hopper) arrangement, clinker grinder,
HP/LP water injection, fly ash disposal arrangements, ash slurry pump house, slurry sumps, pump
connections.

UNIT II (POWER PLANT BRIEFING & TRACING-2)

Steam Schemes MS, CR & HRH lines up to turbine control valves including HP/LP by pass,
location of safety valves, vents and drains, auxiliary PRDS schemes, auxiliary steam distribution,
soot blowing steam lines

Steam Extractions and Drains: Schemes of turbine extractions, FCNRVS, heater drain
connections, HP/LP drips. Schemes for heating flanges and studs, Steam connections / condenser
air line connections to ejectors, unit drain tank / flash tank connections.

Condensate and Feed Water Schemes: CEP connections, scheme of condensate flow, ejectors,
gland steam coolers, LP heaters, de-aerator connections. Scheme of feed water flow, BFP
connections, feed water connection to HP heaters, location of valves, interconnections, bypass
arrangement for heaters

Turbine Oil System: Turbine lube Oil schemes, lube Oil purification schemes, location of MOT &
lube Oil pumps, oil coolers, cooling water connections

CW System and Cooling Towers: locating moving screens, CW pumps, venting

arrangements, valve locations, chlorination schemes.
Module4- CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION and Protection

Concept and layout of Control and Instrumentation in Thermal Power Plant, Various transducers,
sensors used in power plants. Secondary instrumentation and measurement systems. PLC and DCS.
Analytical instruments and anlysers. Protection and interlocks of Boiler, Turbine and their auxiliaries,
Introduction to auto control, Auto control loops used in thermal power stations, Turbovisory
instrumentation. Parameters limits, Basic concepts of measuring devices, Analytical Instrumentation
for boiler Water, Steam, Flue Gas, H /O /CO Introduction to MAX DNA.

Introduction to new / latest technology in Control and Instrumentation in modern thermal power
station.

Module 05 - Power Plant Protections -Electrical

Introduction Terminology, Requirements of protective system, Historical developments

Protective Relays Types and their applications, construction, maintenance requirements, setting
and testing, Methods of system earthing and their effect on fault conditions, Lighting / surge
arrestors Instrument transformers.

General Protection Neutral earthing, stator and rotor earth faults, sustained external faults,
instability, protective systems used.

Transformer Protection Various transformer protections, protective systems for generator,

Transformers, UATs & STs.

Motors Faults and protection systems

Automatic voltage regulators Requirements, types and functions, electromechanical, electronic

amplifiers and magnetic amplifier regulators, applications, construction, maintenance and
testing.

Busbar Protection Continuity of supply, Discrimination, Circulating current systems, special

features relating to different voltage systems.

Feeder Protection Continuity of supply discrimination, outline of protection systems – Pilot

wire, carrier current, distance protection, PLCC – Telemetry Communication.

Module 6: Power Plant Operation

Introduction: Safety, Role of operation engineers, Unit operation, some general operating
instructions, Shift routine.

Operation of boiler and auxiliaries: Line-up Boiler feed water system, Line-up Boiler water and
steam system, Boiler filling, Draft system, Fuel firing system, Boiler purging and lighting up,
Boiler loading, Normal shut down to coal, Auxiliary steam system, Routine Checks, Emergency
operations, Boiler Feed Pump Operation , Introduction, Preparation for Start-up, BFP Start Up,
Conditions for Tripping of Operating Feed Pump, Recommended Annunciations for each BFP &
Auxiliaries.

Operation of turbine & auxiliaries: Line up, Starting of turbine from cold state, Rolling
instructions, Loading the turbine, Warm and Hot start, Hot start, Planned shutdown, Important
instructions during turbine running, Do’s and Don’ts during turbine running, Emergencies in
turbine and auxiliaries , Governing System Operation, Salient Operational Points, Turbine start up
with various Governing modes, Response of EHC to load rejection, Important Governing System
Annunciations and Indications.

Operation of KWU turbine & auxiliaries: Lineup, Cold start up, Loading the turbine, Start up
after 48 hrs shut down, Start up after 8 hours shut down, Normal shut down of turbine, Emergency
shutdown, Do’s and Don’ts for turbine operation, Operation of Turbine governing system.

TURBO-GENERATOR OPERATIONS

Introduction, Components of Turbo Generator, Operation of Generator, Operational Limits of

Turbo generator, Operational logic & Tripping Schedule, Class ‘A’ and Class ‘B’ Tripping,
Generator Stability, Steady State Stability, Long Term Stability, Transient Stability.

Operation of generator & auxiliaries: Lining up the system, Pre- Synchronizing checks, Steps for
generator synchronizing, Routine operation and periodic checks, Operational limits of 210MW
Generator, Emergency operation, Operation of generator cooling system, stator and hydrogen
cooling, Operation of Generator excitation system AVR.

Operation of auxiliaries Availability of electrical supply to the equipment, source feeder of each
equipment points of isolation of the equipment, locking during isolation, permit to work system,
Boiler pre light up checks, meaning of light up, shut down, tripping, starting etc., No pending
permits, local checks, Operation of service auxiliaries, cooling water pump, compressors,
auxiliary steam, fuel oil pump, Operation of air-pre heater and ID fan, Rechecks, flow path line
up, permissive interlocks, Operation of FD & PA Fans, pre checks, flow path line up, permissive,
interlocks, Mill operation, pre checks, flow path line up, permissive, interlocks, FSSS, Secondary
air, burner tilt, fuel and air control, Drum level control, Super Heater, Re- Heater, temperature
control and their interlocks, Operation of turbine lubricating system and barring gear, Operation of
condensate and feed water system, BFP, Heaters CEP, HP/LP Bypass operation and turbine
heating, Turbine rolling and synchronization

Integrated operation of unit

Unit loading and shut down sequence, Operational difference between cold start up, warm

Module 07 : Power Plant Performance analysis & energy audit

Introduction, Need for performance monitoring, objective, controllable and uncontrollable factors,
basic requirements, Factors influencing performance of boilers and optimization Fuel properties,
excess air, fines of P.F. etc

Performance Monitoring of Boiler Auxiliaries pulverisers, factors, sampling of pulverized

coal, classifier adjustments, mill rejects, causes and remedies

Air Heaters effect of AH outlet temperature, performance tests Fans Performance, curves,
optimum operating point

Boiler efficiency calculation Direct method, calculation, limitations in adopting direct

method, Losses method, other standard method.

Factors influencing performance of turbine Steam pressure, temperature and back pressure,
cylinder efficiency, deposits on turbine blades, blade roughness, effect of loading, Turbine Losses.

Factors affecting performance of condenser and feed heater TTD, CW inlet, temperature, CW
flow, heat transfer across tubes.

Heaters air accumulation, steam side / water side fouling drainage, effect of attemperator in
reheaters Heat balancing,

Turbine heat rate calculations Method, parameters required.

Module 9 – Management Development Program

a. Interpersonal relationship
b. Leadership

c. Communication skill

d. Team Building

e. Time Management

Principles of Management, The Role of Manager, Tasks, Responsibilities, Managerial Skills,

Management System and Process, Leadership, The importance of leadership, theories X & Y,
assumptions about people, leadership theories, substitutes for leadership, perspective on
leadership, Effective Communication, The communication process, the importance of
communication, barriers to effective communication, effective listening, how to improve
communication – effectiveness, Motivation, Major approaches to motivation, determinants motivation
effective job performance, barriers to motivation and their remedies, Stress Management. Decision
Making, Steps in decision making, Evaluation, Implementation Group decision making, conflict
resolution, counseling, helpful understanding, Time Management. Project Management Introduction,
Principles of site selection, Feasibility report and DPR, PERT, Project monitoring and control,
project cost estimation and cash flow networks, Total Quality Management, Concepts & process of
TQM, introduction to ISO 9000 series and bench marking, scope of TQM in power sector,
implementation of TQM in organization

Module 10: Advanced Steam Generation & Technology-Supercritical and Fluidized Bed
Combustion Technology (FBC, CFBC & Supercritical Technology)

Historical development, Basics of fluidization and its principle, Classification of FBC boiler,
Bubbling, Circulating fluidized bed boiler, Operation & Maintenance of FBC Boiler, Efficiency
and Performance of Boiler, Basics & Historical Development of supercritical technology,
Advantage of supercritical technology, Supercritical Boilers & Turbine, Construction details of
boiler & Turbine, Efficiency & Performance of the supercritical Power plant, Water chemistry
for supercritical Boiler

Module 11 : Power Plant Metallurgy, Corrosion, Non Destructive Testing & Welding

UNIT I (POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY & Metallurgy)

Basic chemistry Atomic structure, elements, compounds, mixtures, solutions, ionization, salts,
acids, alkalis, pH values, Pre and post treatment of water, Chemical control and treatment of Boiler
feed water and steam, Cooling water treatment, Classification of coal & oil, their sampling and
analysis, Corrosion theory and deposition in Boiler, Energy and ecology definition of eco system,
effect of energy on ecology and concept of green house effect, Legislation and standards for noise
air and water pollution and rehabilitation policy, Water pollution due to thermal power station,
Water pollutant and their effect on eco-system, waste treatment, zero discharge concept, Air
Pollution caused by coal and oil at source and due to combustion of coal and oil, stack emission,
ESP, etc. Disease caused due to thermal power plant pollution and other impact. Environmental
impact, assessment and environment audit, Introduction to Ecology and Environment ,Types of
Pollution ,Effects of pollution ,Air Pollution and Control Methods, Water Pollution and Control
Methods, Solid Wastes and Removal, Environmental Legislation and Standards, Environmental
Audit, Environmental Impact Assessment
UNIT II (Metallurgy, NDT and Welding)

Introduction to Metallurgy and its relevance in power industry – crystal structure – space lattices –
crystal lattice imperfections – crystal structure under stress. Elastic and Plastic deformations
strain hardening and fracture – Mechanical properties of materials – Testing of materials, Heat
treatment and surface hardening of steel - failure mechanism – typical such situations in a power
plant.

Material selection of Design, Material requirement, specification and relevant standards for boiler,
turbine, generator components – Piping and Valves: Appreciation of component, fabrication – metal
forming, casting – forging, pipe bending, tube manufacture,

Defect analysis and life assessment, Low temperature behavior – high temperature behavior –
defect assessment of solidification crack austenite stainless steel welds, Cracking in Cr. MOV
weldment etc. Thermal fatigue - various tests – defects assessment route and calculation of
damage – remaining life assessment beyond design life of boilers, turbine rotors, generator rotors
etc. Introduction to welding and types of welding, Description of welding methods generally used
in thermal power station, Welding machines, types of electrodes, precautions during welding
process, welding defects, Purpose of NDT and types of defects covered by NDT, NDT Methods
used in power station Principle, equipments, utilization, merits and de-merits

Module 12: Maintenance Methodology and Planning

UNIT I (Maintenance Planning)

Aims and objective of maintenance efficient service, high plant availability, maintenance and
planning engineer’s duties, Integration of maintenance with operational requirements, plant
reliability, plant outages and daily work programs, Preventive maintenance of running units,
Planning of major plant overhauls during shutdowns Planning techniques – critical path analysis,
charting system etc. Purchasing and stores control – standards, cost codes, control of stores and
store records, Cost control, direct costs, indirect costs, outage costs, budgeting and costing work,
budgetary control, Contract procedures (Conditions of contract, capital applications and
procedures, project evaluation, interest and depreciation charges

UNIT II (Maintenance Planning, Practice & Inspection – BOILER AND TURBINE)

Checking of boiler tubes for external damage due to erosion or cutting, Method to overcome for
example, Strengthening of tubes in the flow channels, Hydraulic test, allowable rate of pressure
drop, Checking of welds and pin holes, External cleaning of boiler surface and water, Use of sky
climber, Measurement of tube wall thickness, Different types of tube failures, creep over-
heating, Checking of flue gas path for direct corrosion or erosion and leakage, checking of
isolating and regulating dampers for leakage, proper alignment leak adjustment for multi louver
dampers both under cold and hot operation conditions. Boiler bottom air seal, proper and free
movement and expansion of boiler setting when hot. Normal water level and flow in bottom seal

UNIT III (Maintenance Planning, Practice & Inspection -MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)

PA, ID & FD fan check for inlet dampers, bearing alignment, vibration both radial and axial shift
of magnetic centre of motor and rotor, fan blade conditions mode of repairs, hard facing,
Checking of boiler mountings and their adjustments (a) Gauges glasses, (b) Safety valves, their
checking and settings of safety valves for blow down and dropping Checking the burner nozzle for
burnout and reasons for the same and its metallurgy, Check the flow distribution in burners
adjustment of orifices or valves check the burner flow direction and its adjustment, checking of
burner chamber, dampers breakage of links and proper gauge operation, Check the rollers or ball
wear of coal mill as also bull ring segment wear, Keeping records of capacity and hour of
operation, Troubleshooting causes and remedies, Soot Blowers Maintenance / Trouble shooting
causes and remedies, Safety valve maintenance and its floating procedures, Troubleshooting /
causes and remedies, Adjustment and prevention of dust accumulation in the seal chamber,
Maintenance and inspection of oil system turbine oil coolers, maintenance of condensate side
and steam side tubes, Condenser tube maintenance, off load and on load tube cleaning
procedure

UNIT IV (Maintenance Planning, Practice & Inspection-GENERATOR)

Generator Maintenance: stator – checking of overhang winding, clamp and shields, loss wedges
and overheating, Rotor checking of shaft earthing arrangement, hydrogen seal and leakages
(purge test) loss wedges, end ring for cracks, overheating, Insulation resistance and winding
resistance, Transformer maintenance – insulation testing drying out routine maintenance Motor
Insulation checking, terminal checking, phasing out, motor drying, Cable jointing, material and
techniques, Testing , Commissioning , Operation & Maintenance of EHV Transformers ,Circuit
Breakers ,General Construction of Cables Installation ,

Commissioning & Maintenance of Station Batteries Electrical Generator Introduction, need for
Maintenance, Basic concept of Maintenance, Causes of Failure, Electrical Safety Aspect, Factors
Affecting the life of a transformer, Introduction, Various factors involved, New Insulating Oil
Characteristics, Recommended Oil characteristics in use,

Maintenance Planning, Practice & Inspection-TRANSFORMER

Maintenance Procedures of Transformer, Purpose, Maintenance procedures for various

components, Maintenance schedule, Dos and Don’ts for Power Transformer, Maintenance Testing
of Transformer, Purpose, Testing of various components or parameters of transformer, Summary
for Re-energization of Transformer, Primary Checking, Core Coil Assembly Checking, Auxiliary and
Protective Circuit Checking, Procedure for re-energization

Condition monitoring of power transformers

Condition based Maintenance, An overview of Maintenance Strategy, Reliability Centered

Maintenance, Failure Analysis and Reliability Assessment, Maintainability, Availability, Conclusion,
Condition Monitoring of Power Transformer, Introduction, Various Test for Condition Monitoring,
Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) and Case Study, Furfural Analysis and Case Study, Frequency
Response Analysis (FRA) and Case Study, Partial Discharge (PD) Detection and Testing and Case
Study, Infra-red Thermo Vision Scanning, Recovery Voltage Measurements and Case Study.

UNIT V (Maintenance Planning, Practice & Inspection-ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS)

relay maintenance Basic of protective Relaying, Relay Terminology, Relay Classification,

Construction & Principle of different types of relays, Relay Inspection, Testing and Maintenance,
Fault discrimination methods & Relay setting, Technological comparison of Relays O & M of EHV
Sub Stations Electrical Substations, Introduction to substations, types of substations, Substation
and main equipments, Bus Bars, Transformers, Circuit Breakers ,Instrument Transformers,
Isolators, Surge Arrestor, Insulators, Carrier Equipment, Lime compensating devices (Shunt
reactors & capacitors),Choice of air clearance, Bus bar arrangements, General arrangement of
220Kv switchyard, Protection system, Substation auxiliary facilities, Substation civil design,
Electrical auxiliaries for EHV substations, SAT-Net battery maintenance General, Storage Battery,
Types of storage batteries, How the lead acid Battery works, Status or modern Lead-acid Storage
Battery, Classification and Construction of Lead-Acid Storage batteries, Classification,
Construction parts of Lead Acid storage battery, Types of lead –acid storage battery, Typical
manufactures instruction, Unpacking, Care of Materials, Preparation of Electrolyte, Acid, Clean
boxes, Assemble Plants in cells, First Charge, Pilot cells, Operation Chargers, Introduction,
Chargers, Rectifier, Filters, Blocker Diodes, D.C. output variation, Mode of operations, Protections,
Capacity Calculation, Charges Characteristics, Battery Maintenance, Introduction, General
Guidelines, Caution, Tools and Tackle, Consumable, Spares, Precaution and protective clothing,
Care and maintenance of batteries, Common Faults, Faults in a Lead-acid Cell And their
remedies, Remedial Action for cracked battery, Assessment of Service ability of Lead acid
battery, Life of Lead acid battery

Module 13 : SIMULATOR TRAINING

Routine Power plant startup/Shut down, operations, cold/warm/hot start-ups, load changes,
handling plant emergencies and engineering analysis along with functional and maintenance
aspects of power plant equipments will be covered in simulator training throughout the
semester.

Module 14: ON JOB OPERATION TRAINING

After completion of theory sessions and scheme tracing followed by on job operations training.

In this module, students will be sent in plant to trace the actual schemes of plant processes and
study them in depth. After completion of scheme tracing they will be deployed in plant (under
the supervision of plant faculty) to get hands on experience in the actual operation of individual
plant equipment.

· Boilers and Aux

· Burner floor
· Fuel oil systems
· Turbine & Aux services
· Turbine floor
· Boiler feed pump
· Condensate pump
· Coal handling plant
· Ash handling plant
· Water treatment plant
· FSSS
· Boiler operations (CCR)
· Turbine Operations (CCR)
· Generator operations (CCR)
· 6.6kv/415 Volt/DC Batteries
· Seal oil & H2 cooling system
· Integrated unit operations
· Switchyard
· Fire station and FDPS System

Module 15: Power Plant Maintenance Module

In this module, students will be sent in plant to under the supervision of plant faculty to get hands
on experience in the actual maintenance of individual plant equipments. Following different
locations will be covered:

· Boilers and Aux

· Firing floor
· Fuel oil systems
· Turbine & Aux services
· Turbine floor
· Boiler feed pump
· Condensate pump
· Coal handling plant
· Ash handling plant
· Water treatment plant
· FSSS
 · Boiler operations (CCR)
· Turbine Operations (CCR)
· Generator operations (CCR
· 6.6kv/415 Volt/DC Batteries
· Seal oil
· H2 cooling system
· Integrated unit operations
· Switchyard
· Fire station and FDPS System

Module 16 : Project management , errection and commissioning of plant (Week)

Provisions of Energy Conservation Act, 2001 , Energy Audit Report Structure , Measuring Tools and
tackles for audit , Energy Auditing of various components/ systems – Approach & methodology.

Various stages of planning, erection & commissioning of the plant, Project monitoring soft wares
and their applications.

Module 17: power business, Power Reforms,& regulations

Introduction to power System Planning, Power scenario in India Load Forecasting Generation
Scheduling and Economic Load dispatch Grid Management, Electricity acts and their amendments.
Power sector reforms and its future projections Various modes of power business. Tariff, PPA, ABT,
DSM, RTM and their implementations and impacts on power producers. SCADA and energy Management
System, VAR management Flattening of Load Curve, System Stability and load Frequency control, , Grid
Collapse and remedial measures.

Module 18: Environment Management

Energy and ecology definition of eco system, effect of energy on ecology and concept of greenhouse
effect, Legislation and standards for noise air and water pollution and rehabilitation policy, Water
pollution due to thermal power station, Water pollutant and their effect on eco-system, waste
treatment, zero discharge concept, Air Pollution caused by coal and oil at source and due to
combustion of coal and oil, stack emission, ESP, etc. Disease caused due to thermal power plant
pollution and other impact. Environmental impact, assessment and environment audit, Introduction to
Ecology and Environment, Types of Pollution ,Effects of pollution ,Air Pollution and Control Methods,
Water Pollution and Control Methods, Solid Wastes and Removal, Environmental Legislation and
Standards, Environmental Audit, Environmental Impact Assessment

Module19 : IT applications in Power Sector

Training on MS Office and advance MS Excel and decision-making tools. Introduction to SAP and its
applications on material management, work planning modules.

Module 20 : Nuclear, Gas Turbine ,CCGT , Co-Generation & Hybrid Systems

Principles , construction and operation of nuclear power plant. Brayton, Carnot and Rankine cycles,
Theory and principles of Gas Turbine working. Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine working,
Construction details of Gas Turbine, Air compressors, Combustors Various type of starting arrangement
of Gas Turbines, GT auxiliaries. Combine cycle gas turbine, cogeneration and hybrid systems.

Module 21 : Renewable Energy Sources

Environmental aspects of electric energy generation. Various types of renewable energy sources. Changing
scenario of power generation. Value of alternative and renewable energy sources, difference between
Conventional energy and renewable energy. Wind Energy Systems. Solar thermal power systems. Direct energy
Conversation – Solar Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells. Waste to Energy. Solar passive Architecture. Biomass Energy
Systems. Bio-Fuels RE and Grids Integration
Module 22 : Power transmission ,Concept of Smart Grid, RE integration and energy storage
technologies

Power transmission system, AC & DC transmissions. National grid, smart grid ,micro grid, challenges in
RE integration and its mitigation technologies. Battery storage, fuel cells, Hydrogen as future energy.
Transformation from conventional concepts to challenging scenario.

Module 23: Solar Energy

Introduction to Solar energy. Solar radiation and its measurement. Solar thermal energy collectors.
Solar thermal energy conversion systems. Solar photovoltaic system

Module 24 : Wind Energy Technology & Hydro Power Generation

Classification of wind turbines, aerodynamic operation of wind turbines. wind characteristics. Wind
power generation curve. Modes of wind power generation.

Wind energy farms. Estimation of wind energy potential and selection of optimum wind energy
generator. Grid interfacing of a wind form. Economics of wind farms.

Hydro power stations and its classifications. Classification of water turbines and their applications.
Hydro generators.

Module 25 : Bio Mass, Bio Energy and Waste to Energy

Biomass resources. Biofuels-Biogas, Producer gas, liquid fuels, Biomass conversion technologies,
Biochemical conversion. Biomass gasification. Biogas plants. Recovery from domestic waste and
vegetation. Power generation from liquid waste. Biogas cogeneration. Ethanol and biodiesel from
biomass.

Module 26: Project and On Job (O&M) Training Presentation

Each Trainee will be required to carry out a project work in the form of live problem identification, its
analysis, synthesis and recommendations in the form of conclusions.

The project work will be carried out under the guidance of faculty from or outside the institute.

The final outcome of the project work shall be submitted by the trainee in the form of project report.
Report should be submitted within due date in the prescribed format neatly typed and spiral bound.

The evaluation of the project work will be on the basis of quality of project report in terms of its
contents, research and presentation.

Regards
Sabu Isac
Prof JIPT
8978880920