I

.oct
Ut1t1 3

I II ~iJ I I
1. A'J13JM3J1tltlil"nT'UL1J"tlil~iHlilnL ""''J"fl1" ')

L~ eni.1an~"liel3Ja ll1 L7F.J.J a1~lJ 911ll ~1"11 El.J"li'Ell! a LL~1 LLti.J"li'El :IJ a~ L7F.J.J LL~1 Lthuh 'U.
I
q
I
'II
.., .eli
. I
...
Q; I
'II
0 I
'II
.., I .::1
911\1 ') LLa ::7::lJq ~1"11 El\1"11 Ell!'II a nl. ';Iq 91 'YI LLlJ\1 'U. W;J::'VilJ 11 ';11 'U. 1 '1.1.~1"11 El\1"11 Ell!
'II
alJ 'U.';lq ~ LLlJ\1 :IJ

ll'a F.Jni1-;i1"U.1'U.ff1'U.~ nn
'II
LLU\1 L"li"U. L~ Ellb"llEllla:IJ1 L7F.J.J a1~lJ
'II
LLa1 LLti.J"llEll!'II a El Elm U'U.
1 I Q; I '&I 0 tdt..:t.r:l t.r:l A I 0 I

2 a'1'U.L'YI1 ')n"U. ~1"liEI\I"liEI:IJa

'II
nl. 911LL'VI'U.\I'YILLlJ\IlJL'ViF.J\1~1L91F.J1 ~El ~1 nl. 911LL'VI'U.\1917\I
d ..... • ....
na1..1 'lf.Jn~a ~1"liEI'I1llliF.J~1"U.
...
L~ a 'll1-n~"ll a ..1"1iEll! a "1191 'VI tt" ll1 L7 F.J ..1 ~1 ';11 n '\l'a F.J lu ll1 n
q 'II q
111 LLti ..:~"liEll!'II a a an LiJ u

4 ff1"U.Lfi1 ')fl"U.-;J::L~~1 w. -;J91LLti'11

q
LWF.J.J 3 ~1 t~F.J~LL9ia::ft1"U.5hi1"U.1"U."llallaLfi1
'II
')rl"U.
"'. \1.-..ld \11'..1 \11'..1 .....
L~F.Jn11~1a L'Yiart'VI"U..J (Q d ~1a L'Yla'Yla-a..:~ (Q 2 ) LLa::~1El L'Ylarta-1ll (Q 3 ) ~1lla1~lJ

L~ a'll1"1r~"ll
q
a..:~"lialla"lr~'VI
q
tt..1:1J1 L7F.J.J~1';11 nit'a F.JLU:IJ1n ~1~~7..:~nu-;J~
'II q
9 -;Jq ~~ LLti"

"li'allaEIElnLU'U. 10 ff1'U. t~F.J~LL9ia::ff1"U.ii-;i1"U.1"U."li'ElllaLfi1 ')rl"U.L7F.Jni1L91Lsna~'VItt..:~

'II 'II
\1 .. ...~ \1 .. ...~ \1 .. ...~ ., • ....
(D 1 ) L~ L&}fa'Yla'El..:l {D 2 ) L~ Lsna'Yla'1:1J {D 3 ) •.• L~ Lsna'Y1Ln1 (D 9 ) ~1lla1~1J

rn'JiJth" L~ Lsn~~ 6 uanlirt711Ji1ii-;i1"U.1"U."liEI:IJait'aF.Jni1~1daciu~::ll1ni.'VIn

'II 'II

lu~u"lla..:J-;i1"U.1"U."liallaJ..:~'VI:u~ 'II

L~ a'll1-n~"ll
q
a..:~"liEll!'II aan91
q
Vltt.Jll1 L7F.J'I1~1';11 nit'a F.JLUll1 n ~1~ ~~" nu-;J~
q
99 -;J~
q

~LLti.J"li'EJllaEJElnLU'U.
'II
100 ~1'1.1. t~F.J~LL9ia::th"U.ii-;i1"U.1"U."liEll!'II a Lfi1 ')rl"U.L1F.Jni1LUElfL~'U.
l'Yla~VIrt" (P 1 ) LuafL~"U.lrta~a-a" (P 2 ) LuafL~ul'Yla~a-1lJ (P 3) •.. LuafL~'U.L'Yla~
.... A .... o ca,.
Ln1a'ULn1 {P 99 ) ~1lla1~1J

ME 631 (ME 731) 51

 rn·Huh" LUEJfLsii'U.1na~ 68 1J mn lin~1trhii-;11'U.1'U.-Km.nntmm11fhdar.i
v v
al al ~~ ... ~
u~::ll1nt~ na-u LLu~ L'U.~El t.J'll EJ~';l1'U.1'U.'ll Elli~'Yl~~ll~
A 0 ... ·

V;

2. fl11~1fl'l0lrtft' Lfll~tift LLfttLt.lo-fL~"lrtft'2J0\1tiOlJftftllJ1~LL';lflLL';}\1fl'l13Jrl 'U

1'U.n1~~19iEl~ L;t.J\IiEl3J ft';)1 m.ta t.J1tJ ll1n LLa1~1fl1'll El\lfi::LL'U.'U.~~~\1Tl1J ~1 LL~ \i"
'II .
'II c- \'1 .- •I .- ot \'1 .-...1..!' ., !"I 0 ~
"11El"fi1El L'Ylft L~ L'lfft LLft::LuEI~L'lf'U. L'Ylft'Yl'f!IEI~n1~ t'l1 N Lu'U.';l1'U.1'U.'l1Elllft'Yl~~3J~'l1El\l
.,

tJ~::~1n~ (tl1Ltl'U.nalli1mh~liu.J~t.J'U.';l1ln ~
N Ltl'U. n LLft::~1,1'U.El\IL~t.J1Tl'U.) ~1LL~'\.L\I
~1\1 ')~11~i"d'
N+1
a) milu~1LL~li\l~
v
--
4
2(N +1)
Q2 etitu9hLL~'I.L'I1~
v 4
3(N + 1)
03 El tit'U.~1 LL~'\.L\1~
v 4
..... ... r(N + 11)
'U.'U.flel a, El til 'U.9\1 LL ~ '\.L~ ~
v 4
""
LliEI r = 1,2,3
N+1
01 El til'U.9\1 LL~ '\.L'11~ - -
v 10
2(N +1)
02 El til'U.9\1 LL ~'\.L\1~
'II 10
3(N + 1)
03 El titU9\1 LL~ '\.L'11~
'II 10

9(N +1)
09 ati1.u911 LL~'""~
'II 10
....' ... El til 'U.9\1 LL~\i,~~
r(N +1)
"" r
LliEI = 1,2,3, ... ,9
'U.'U.fiEI 0, 'II 10
N+1
PI El tiL 'U.9\1 LL~\i.\1~ - -
'II 100
2(N + 1)
p2 atilu~1 LLwu~"fl
'II 100
3(N + 1)
p3 atiL 'U.~1 LL~\i"~
'II 100

ME 631 (ME 731)

52
 8, 11, 6, 14, 15, 7, 18, 19, 16

1Hrh Li r.h'l t>~:: LL-u.-u.-;:n ml'ew 1th.n n ';!::1~

6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19

9+ 1
a,
1'1

B~L'U."1LL'V\'U.\I
0 I

-
4
- = 2.5
•'I 0 I A !"I A I
au L'U."1LL'V\'U.\I
~
2.5 IJI'\1Lu'U.';l"n\lna1\I~::'V\11\I 7 LLa:: 8
~

7
a, = +S = 7.5
2

LLa:: a3 B~L'U."1LL'V\'U.\I
1'1 0 I (9 + 1)
3 = 7.5
4
LiiB\I';l1n a 3 B~LWihLL'V\'1-i\1 7.5 ;A\ILU'U.~h~\lna1\l~::w:i1\l 16 LLa:: 18
.... ~
"\I'U.'U. a 3 = 17

ME 631 (ME 731) 53

....' ... rN ...
~~fiEI a, E1 tih~t911 LLVl\i\1~ ~3JEI r = 1,2,3
'II
4
N
01 E1 UL~911 LLVl'i.L\1~ -
'II
10
2N
02 EIUL ~911LL Vl'i.L\1~ -
'II
10
3N
03 El UL~911 LL VI 'i.L\1~
'II
10

9N
09 EIUL ~911LLVI'i.L..1~
'II
10
.... ... rN
El UL~911 LL Vl'i.L\1~
I
..1
~~fiEI D, 'II
-
10
L3JEI r = 1, 2, 3, ... , 9
N
PI El UL~911 LL Vl'i.L\1~
'II
100
2N
p2 E1 UL~911LLVI'i.L\I~
'II
100
3N
p3 EIUL~911 LL Vl'i.L\1~
'II
100

54 ME 631 (ME 731)

 . ...
.... rN ..1
= 1, 2, 3, ... ,99
\I. 'U.fl El Pr L2JEl r
100

..I \
fl::: LL \1. \1. fi112Jtl

26-30 4
31 - 35 16
36-40 11
41 -45 12

46-50 8
51 -55 6
56-60 3

60

';I.,'I'V\1 a 1 o5 LLa::: P 80

..1
"" ... 0 0 • •
"Jtifl1 'VI1fi112Jtla':::a'2J LLa:::~l1LL'V\\1..,'1LLa:::fi1"1JEl.,'l a I•
0
D 5 LLa::: p 80 qJ12Ja1qJ1J
...

..I ..I
fi:::LLWU. fi112Jtl fi112Jtla':::a'2J

26-30 4 4
31 - 35 16 20
36-40 11 31
41 -45 12 43
46-50 8 51
51 -55 6 57
56-60 3 60

ME 631 (ME 731) 55

 \'11 Ql
N
• ..1.
Q EH.J'Yl9'11LL'VI'U\l -
I 'II
,
4
= -604 = 15
.. ~
9'1\l'U'U 0
'1 ... ~ ~ ..l
El~ 'UEl'U9l'U11fl"lf'U 31 - 35 lllJ\13Jfi113Jtl 16
...
1
... .... ' .... \'1 ., .... ..t
L'Yllltla'9la'1'UL~El'VI1 0 1 L9'1~h1'U
..l ...: .r ..l ...: ....
fi113JtlL~3J"li'U 161'U"lltu.::'Ylfi::LL\l.'UL'Vi3J!'ll'U 5 fi::LL'U'U
..l...: .r
fi113JtlL~3J"ll'U 15- 4 = 11
1\l."lltu.::'YlfltLL'U'UL'Vi3J"ll'U
..l ...: .r 5x11
- - ~ 3.44 fi::LL'U'U
16
.... ~ ....
9'1\1"'" a 1 9'1~\lnufi::LL-uou 30.5 + 3.44 :::; 33.94

\'11 D5
• ..1.
'II
, 5 -
D 5 Elr.I'Yl9'11LL'VI'U\l (N)
10
= (60) =
10
5 - 30

..
~\l'U'U
~
D5
'1 . . ~ dl... ..l
El~ 'UEl\l.9'1~111fl"lf'U 36-40 'lJ~3Jfi113Jtl 11
... .... ' .... \'1 ., .... ..t
L'Yllltla'~a'1'UL~El'VI1 D 5 L9'19'1\l\l.
..l..:.r
fi113JtlL~3J"ll'U 11
1'U"llm::'Ylfi::LL\l.'UL'Vilj"ll'U
..l ..:.r
5 fi::LL'U'U
..l ..,: .1' 1 ..l ..,: .1'
fi113JtlL'Vi3J"ll'U 30- 20 = 10 'U"Jitu.::'Y1Fl::LL'U\l.L'Vi3J"ll'U - -
5 X 10
~ 4.55 fi::LL'U'U
11
Q; ::: ....

~\1\l.'U D 5 9'1~\lntlfi::LL'U'U 35.5 + 4.55 = 40.05

"'
i"llt'U P 80 9'1~\lrllJfi::LL'U'U 45.5 + 3.13 =48.63

56 ME 631 (ME 731)

 1un~ni.~"limJ aiiGJ1~1-3 LL-;Jn LL';l-3fl11ll ~';l1n 5uGJ~fl1 fl-iu ~ a--3 ni1-,tJ U-3 5uGJ~fl1fl
~ ~

-iu ~ ~1 n·:h n'VI1fl1 elL rnf Llil L'lraLLa ::L tJ elfL'lr'I.Llmf"ll el-31ih LL 'VIU~ r lii1-3 ') Llil'Yi11.Lel~

L~ tnnu11il u£11-;Jilil L~tJ\1 B'I.Liil1fl1fl-iu1'V11i-;J1n B'I.Liil1fl1fl-iu~~1ni1LtJ U\1 B'I.Liil1fl1fl-iu ~

ft'-3ni1 'VI'ie1L"lilil1~1\l L~ll LLiii 'V11fl11ll~ft'::ft'll';l1n 5uGJ1fl1 fl-iu~~1ni1'1.tJ U\1 auGJ~fl1fl
~

-iu~ft'\lni1LLa1 Lfi uu iGJ"1ui-3~mh1mr1 L"liw;nnGJ1~1"1ui1 e1r.i1\lf1 2 'VI1m~u"

~

auGJ~fl1fl-iu-;J1 n a Ulil1 fl1 fl-iu ~ ft'\1 ni1hi ~1 ni1 -;J::!iie:J\1 L~tJ\Ifl: LLu Ufl11ll ~ ft':ft'll';l1 n
~

auGJ~fl1fl-iu~~1ni1LtJauGJ~fl1fl-iu~~ni1i"ft'lillln~a-1ll ~

·-
...' ..I
fi::LL'I.L'I.L fl113Jtl fl1111Cl ft'::a'll

56-60 3 60

51 -55 6 57

46-50 8 51

41-45 12 43

36-40 11 31

31 - 35 16 20

26-30 4 4

N 60

~
• ..1 • • 80 -
P 80 e:Jtl'Yllii1LL'VI'I.L-3
100
(N) = 80(60)
-
100
= 48

.... .t •'I .... .t d ... ..I

lil-3'1.1.'1.1. p 80 e:J~ L'I.Lel'I.Liil~fl1fl"lf'I.L 46-50 IJI'-33Jf1113Jtl 8

Lfiuuilii"1'"Lrle:J'VI1 p 80 Llili..,d
d..:.k ..I ..:.k
fl113JC'ILY-lll"li'I.L 8LW~llnL::'Ylfi::LL'I.L'I.LLY-lll"liU 5 fl::LL'I.L'I.L
..I..: .k ..I ..: .k 5x5
fl113JC'ILY-13J"li'I.L 48-43 =5 'IL'I.L"lltu.:'Ylfi::LL'I.L'I.LLY-lll"li'I.L -- : : : 3.13 fi::LL'I.L'I.L
8
.t
lil~-3n1Jfi::LL'I.L'I.L 45.5 + 3.13 =48.63
Ia.' CLoo'

lil-3'1.1.'1.1. P 80

'VI1n1Lfl~1::~';11n.ffulile:J'I.Ln1~~G1~1'1.1.1ni.';J::"f-ltJi1 a'lii~'V\1 ~
Q r' Dr 'VI'ie:J p r LU'I.Li\IU

ME 631 (ME 731) 57

 rN ... rN , ... ... . 1... ..1 • ... • ... ...
'V\1 - WHl- ~13..1 LL~n'ltu.LL~::a"'l'1~ fl~fi113Jfl LL~::~1 L'U.'U.n1'l'Yl1'U.fl~ L~ tl"lntJn1'l'VI1
10 4
~1 p r

58 ME 631 (ME 731)

 lun1~'VI1~1 LL v.'\.i..ntJ afL.U\1.' 'Y1 a ~1 LL V.'t.i\1 L~ L'lfav.ia~1 LL V.'t.i\lfl1 El' 'Yla "11 El\lth
L~ ')nL"lfi~nT~n au nun ~11~ El~1n~h~ii El\lnT~'V\1~1 LL V.'t.i\1 Ltl afL~'U.L 'Y1 a ~1 LL v.\L\1
L~ L•ntv.ia~1 LLv.'\.i.\lfl1 aL'Yla uuLLnuuau1~Gnn Li'U."ll'U.1Unu LLnui.., 1tJi~n~1~"11 El\1
fl111l~ a-:a-11 LLa1 ~:nn~1n~~i~uun'11~"11 a\lfl111l rla-:a-1l"ll'l.l.1"U.nu LLnuuauLui~ LLnu
•
~ ~ 'I ~ ...
~\I'Yl~~ L~~~'U.'I.l.flflfl1"11El\l -~-
1 rN rN ... rN ....
'VI'iel- ~11l~El\ln1'i
. . ·'
mn~1
'1. 1 o
Lufl1'1.1.1tu.'VI1fl1 r
I 1~ ll
• • 100 10 4
I ... 'I.... 'I I I .... ~ ............

LL'Yl'l.l.fl1 N L~El L'VIa':~1n L'l.l.n1'1El1\l.fl1 L'i1fl1'i'VI1'iellla:"1Jel\lfl111lfla':a'1la'1l'rfYili

i\li1 El ci1\l

d ~ .... d
fl: LL '1.1. '1.1. fl111lfl fl111lfla':a'1l ~aua:"llel..1fl111ln
..... ..... ..
a-: a-11 a-11 wn 1i

26-30 4 4 6.67
31-35 16 20 33.33
36-40 11 31 51.66
41-45 12 43 71.66
46-50 8 51 85
51-55 6 57 95
56-60 3 60 100

ME 631 (ME 731) 59

60 ...............................................................................................................,.......................................... ········· 100

87.5
50
75
40
62.5
I
30 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 0 5

37.5
20
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Ql

10

0
30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5
~uLi~t~~~~~~11~~~:~~
'II

..I
L~Eh'l111n Q 1 1l::EJ~11'Wil1LL'V\~~~Yitl1m.J P 25 Yl~~~111n"HlUa::~El~fi113Jfl«::tUJ'Yl
0 I '.... .... .... ::: ... "" ""

25% a1mi~~~1'U.01JLLn~ X ltliY~n~1~ LLa::~11Y~iY~~El~n·n~a1nui"U.~'",'"nuLLn'~-~»

q
.... I I "" .., ... .I
Y "Y~Un'U. Y EI1'U.~1'YILLn'U. Y 11:: LY~fl::~~::~1tu. 34

ti''U.fiEJ a 1 iifhtl~::3.nm 34
't'i1'U.EI~ L~ U1 rl'U.
ei1'~-~»fh o 5 111nn~1~t~t1~::~1m 40
ei1~fh P so 111nn~1~l~t1~::~1m 48.$
'V\~1£JL'V\"q

1. fi1~li-;:nnn1~lin~1~1l::iifl111l~a1"L~~El'~-~»lt1u1~
I .... • ' .., ~ VI ~ • I ~ " VI ~"" 0 VI ... !"I '
2.~11""1LL'V\'U.~~EIH'l1El L'YHI L~ L'D'a LLa::LuEI~L'D'~ L'Yla'Ylfl1'1-1»1tu. L"Lu'U.~1

1" uu~::~1 m

60 ME 631 (ME 731)

!i'JuRn!f1
~9111'1lJ1~LGi11 L"li'U. Statistical Applications for the Behavioral Sciences "lJehl
Laurence G. Grimm ~~Lauai~'VI1fl1 a1iu.ff'U.LU el'fLsn'U.~ 'YH~·"llel~fl::LL'U.'U. (percentile
Rank of a Score) ~1'VIi"u"JimJ~~~~~~LL";JnLL";J~fl1111~1~tJLi'alll'li~d'
~ ~

a911'~1'VIi"lJ LLU ~~fi::LL '\.1,ULUU~1 LL 'VI'Ii~ LU afLsi'U.~'Yl a

~

a911'~1'VIi"lJ'V119l1 LL 'VI'Ii~ LU afLsi'U.~'Yla"ll tl~ X

~

LuafLsnu~'Yla"lJa~ x =
[
B+-E
_;1 l1oo .......... (3.1)

4o _al,..., tj~4d Q..oo.=l ..,

E flfl";J1'U.1'U.fi::LL'U.WY1L'Yl1nlJfi::LL'U.'U. X Il111L'Viti~X 911L~tl1 LL~1 E=1
N fi mi1'U.1'U.J~'V\11~"11 tl~fi::LL'U.'U.L'U.n11'LL";JnLL";J~

fi''Juth\15 ~1'VIi"Un11'LL";J~ LL";J~Gltl ~ud' ";J~'V\1a1ilJLU afLsn'U.~'Yla"llti..:Jfi::LL 'U.'U. 14,

10,11,11,12,14,16,20
...... 0
'J15rJ1 N = 7, B = 4 , E = 1 "Jralll'l
'l... . ,~Ill. .

l
3.1 ";J::
~

4+-(1)
a1ilJLUElfLsn'U.~'Yla"lltJ~fi::LL'U.'U. 14 =
[
i
1 100

=64
a1ilJ LUElfLsnulraf"lltJ~fi::LL '\.I,'\.I, 14 =64 %
i~Ju 64%"lla~fi::Lmu"llv~n11'LL";JnLL";J~d'aci~1ni1fi::LLuu ~
16 fi::LLuu 16 LiluLuafLsnu

~'Yla~ 64

ME 631 (ME 731) 61

4. nTt-l~n11'fl1't-;)1Uti£J\I'Iioa.t~ (measures of dispersion) .
..., r • ..., .., .:~~

nTm,-::-;n u ftli1J"H~ (absolute variation) fl El n1,.1~ n1,-n,-::-;J1 tl"il El-\l"ll Bll £H VUh1
• •
'll'~ L~ U1 L.rj El~11"JiBll a'll'~ ,_f'I.LLL9\ a::fi1~fl11ll LL9'1n9\1-\lfl'I.Lll1n'VI~El'll'El tiL~ U-\11~
1 • • 1
n1,-19'1
""
n1,.n,.::-;J1 u ftli1J,.t\l.'t1'1.LU 11 'll'll 4
f"od,.. 1"'..,. ,..
'li''I.L~flEl
•I

... ... •
(1) ~ftU (range)
' .d , ... ... ~ ' 'II ... ...
(2) ft1'1.LL1JU-\IL1J'I.Lfl1B L'Yla 'VI,.Eln-\l'll'1-\lfi1B L'Yla(quartile deviation 'VI,.El semi-
interquatile range)

(3) ~1'1.LL~U'I1L1J'I.I.Lu~tl (mean deviation 'VI~El average deviation)

(4) ~1'1.LL~ti-\IL1J'I.Lli1~,.~1'1.L
... (standard deviation)
n1,-n,-::-;J1 u ili~'Yltf(relative variation) f1 Eln1,-'V11 fi1 L.rJ mtJiuu Lf1 uun1,.
n,-::';11 u,-::'V\11-\I"liEll!• a111 nn11'VI U-\l'll'~
1
1~ ulie91,-1 ~1'1.1. L"Ji'I.La91,-1 ~1'1.1. ,-::'V111-\Ifi1n1,.
.., ~Q,.t t .., tt .... Q.oo Q,.t tr ""' I

n,-::';11 u ~llu,-mnufl1n
•
a1'11"11 El\l"ll all• a'li'~'I.L
1
'1.1. ') n1,.1~n1"m,-::-;J1 u ~li~'YlnJ El\1"11 Ell! a LL9la::
•
..I 'I .... I... .... ' ...
... ' ~ ...
'll'19'1 LVi El L'li'Lu,-u u L'Yl uu n1,_n,-::-;J1 tl"il El\1"11 a 11 a,-::'V\11\I'll'~"il El-\1"11 Ell! a L'VI a1't.L'1.1.
• 1 •
n1,-19'1 n1,.
.., .... ~,;t A

n,-::-;J1U~li'Vi'Yl1ill 4 'li''I.L9'1
(1) illtJ,-::i'Ylf"lla\1-viiu (coeticient of range)
(2) illtJ,-::i'YlfnB-\1~1'1.LL~U\ILtJ'I.Lfl1ElL'Yla (coefficient of quartile deviation)
(3) illtJ,-::i'YlfnB-\1~1'1.LLflU-\ILtJ'I.LLu~U (coefficient of average deviation)
(4) illtJ,-::i'Ylf"ll B\lfl11ll LLU,.~'I.L (coefficient of variation)

62 ME 631 (ME 731)

 4.1
... ~
~
01'i'l~01'iO'itv1tlilf3JtJ'im
~

.. ~
(measures of absolute variation)
vtilftl(range)

rR'J EJlh{J rf1 ~a nT'H~ El tJi "..f11l1H11'Yl tiLL a::llTl;-1 el~ n t) '13-'11 El·nt'nLi r.J 'U. 10 fl \1.

l~~afi::LL'Ui.l.i~d
i"lf11l1H1l'Ylr.J: 3 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 61 6 1 6 1 8 1 8 1 9
i"lf11l1H1a~nq~: 31414151516161818110
'II

..
I

\l1n'll EJ3Ja\l::~tJ11

~iu'lla~i"..f11l1~1l'Ylmrhnu 9 - 3 =6
~ir.J'liEI~i"..f11l1H1el-\lnt)HLfhrltJ 10- 3 =7
n·Hii. ii'L 'i1 El1 \l a-,-tl1~
q
r.J~\l1n~
..
iu11 ~afi::LL \1. ui"..f11l1~1 a~ n q ~ij n1'in'i::\l1 r.J
3J1n n11 ~ afi::LLu u i"..f11l1H1l'Yl r.J

fi'ai"&nfiL \l.n1'iLUir.JtJ Lfi r.JtJn1'in'i::\l1 r.J 1~ r.J Li'~ ir.J fi::LL \1.\I.L~ll'll El~ a'El~n q 3J a
.... I .... ... • 'I .... • ,.... ... ..r • ,... ... .... , . . I oc !"I
\l::~ El ~ L'Yl1 n 'U. \l~ \l ::'Yl1 ~'VI n1'i Lu'ir.J tJ L'Yl r.J tJ 'U. ~ El\l:: Lu'ir.J tJ L'Yl r.J tJ n \1. ~ ~ LL~ nL u "U.n1'i

Lmr.JtJL fi r.JtJ Ll~ r.J~fli11 ') L~ EJLoi1~n1'iLmr.JtJL fir.JtJ LLtJtJ~\I.El1\l~tJ11~an1'iLmr.JtJ Lfi r.J tJ
9i1~ltl\l1nn1'iLtlir.Ju Lfi uu 1~u~iuiili i~J"U.n1'i1~n1'in'i::\l1 r.J 1~ uli~iu~~ Li:Ju
Lfi r.J~n1'i~\l1'ifU.1L \I.LflEl~~\I.L 'Yi1Ju

Lli'l'l-Uflti\ILlJ"~nolnif "M~ofl\11h\lfl'lillnif(quatile deviation 'M~il semi-

interquatile)
I d , ~ A I d'l 'II.... d , 'II d d I

a"1\I.LtJr.J~LtJ\I.fi1El ~'Yla fiEI fi1'Yl ~"..f1~n1'in'i::\l1r.J'Yl'VI1 ~~\l1nfl'i-\I'VI\1.~'11El~~a~1~

'i::'VI11~fl1f11 Ell'Yl Lffi a'13J{Q 3 ) LLG~::fl1fl1 Ell'Yl Lffi'VIrt~ (Q 1 ) L"lfit!j in~m Q. D. LL'Yl\l.a-1'U.
Lfl r.J~ LlJ'U.f11 Ell'Yl Lf

ME 631 (ME 731) 63

 12,23, 25, 18, 7, 16, 9, 10, 15, 24,29, 30,6

6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16,18, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30

... ..r
V\1 a 1 LLa: a 3 ~h1'U.

•'I 13 + l ... ~
0 '
Q 1 EltJ L'U.fi1LLV\'U.~ - - - = 3.5 fi~'U.'U. Q 1
'II 4
=9.5

Q.D. = Q3-QI
2

24.5-9.5
= 2

15
= 2

= 7.5

64 ME 631 (ME 731)

 ..t
fi::LL'"'" fi113Jfl

26- 30 6
31 - 35 13
36-40 24
41-45 35
46- 50 22
51 -55 16
56-60 4
71ll 120

.J
fi::LL'"'" fi113Jfl fl11aJda::aa.~
26- 30 6 6
31 - 35 13 19
36-40 24 43
41-45 35 78
46- 50 22 100
51 -55 16 116
56-60 4 120

'V\1 a 1

..1 ~ .t ...; ~ .t 5xll

fl11llriL'Wll"lJU. 30- 19 =11 Lllelfl::LL'\.t'U.L'Wll"ll'U. - - ~ 2.29
24

ME 631 (ME 731) 65

.... ~
~h'l'ln~ a, =35.5 + 2.29 =37.79
~1 03

a3 a~ L'U."1LL~'U.\I
1'1 0 I
3 (120)
T =9o
03 "na~L'U.el'U."1t11flf'U. 46-50
.,j ..: .¥ "" ..: .¥
fl11llt1LYUJ'ii'U. 22 L11Eifl::LL'U.'U.LVUJ'ii'U. 5
.J ..: ..r "" ..: .¥ 5xl2
fl1111t1L Yill'ii'U. 90 - 78 =12 L11Eifl::LL 'U!'U.L Vill'ii'U. - - =2. 73
22
=45.5 + 2. 73 ;: 48.23
Q.D.
= Q3 -Q,
2
48.23-37.79
= 2
= 10.44
2
=5.22

ei·nuflU'I1L11"LQ;U (mean deviatiotl 'VI;il average deviation)

I .,j .,j d I ...I'll t; ...1 I .... ~ I I

a"1'U.L1J t.l\1 LlJ'U.LUL'I E.Jfl Elfl1'YI L"';l1 n fi11LUL'I tJ fl1 a"li1J1tu.'il El\lfl1111 LL"n "1\11::~11\1
'II

fl1'il El\l"liElll
'II
a LL9i a::fi1 LLa::fi1 n L'l1\l"ll EI-I'J"liElll'II L'1'2f~,f
q
'U. fi1 n L'I1\I~L "li'EI1';1 LiJ 'U.fl1 iJ'2JUi ll LL'I"ll

fl m"~'iaiJyitJqf1'U.n1~
... LL9i a-1'U.111nitt.1~L"lffi1iJ'2rUi11 LL'I"llfl m"

.J ...1 ...1
fi1"i'V11 n'1"L11 U'l1 L11"LQ~ U

n1 x,, x2 x3 I I ••• , xn LU'U."liEI~L'I"ll¢l\li1mh\l n ,}1'U,1'U. ~fhil'2flli11LL'I"llflm"Lii'U. X

"" 'I ._.... .... ~
..
L11EI L'2fa"ruan1Ytu. M.D. LL'YI'U.a"1'U.L1Jt.I\1,1J'U.LUL'It.ILLL'I1
I .,j .,j t;

M.D.
= lx 1 -XI+Ix 2 -XI+Ix3 -XI+ ... +Ixn-XI
n

= . .:. . ';-'-'- - -
n

66 ME 631 (ME 731)

.... ' .J ' ..1 ..1
~'Jill/1"t1 4 "ih1'V\1a'TUL'Uti~L'U'U.Lu!;HJ"liEI~nT'HLvnLL';!~ A LLa::nT'HLvnLLv~ B

nT~LLvnLL';l~ A: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

nTnLvnLL';l~ B : 5, a, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23

x = 11 + 12 + 13 + 147 + 15 + 16 + 17 = 987 = 14

/11-141+ 112 -141+ 113 -141+ 114 -141+ 115 -141+ 116 -141+ 117-141
M.D. =
7

3+2+1+0+1+2+3
= 7

12
=
7

~ 1.71

M.D. = I 5 -14 I+ I 8 -14 I+ I 11 -14 I+ I 14 -14

7
I+ I 17 -14 I+ I 20 - 14 I+ I 23 -14 I

9+6+3+0+3+6+9
= 7

ME 631 (ME 731) 67

M.D.
= f. lx 1 -X I+ / 2 /x 2 -X I+ f 3 lx 3 -X!+ ... + fn lxn -X I
n

= ...:..:i=:!..,l_ _ __

...
L3J El
. n
....
k LL1'1 '"';!1'W''l '"El '"91'U11 fl "lf'"
~

..1 .... ~ ..1

J; LL'Yl'"fi113Jfl'iltl\IEI'"91'U11fl'lii'"'Yl i
.d .... ~ ..1
X; LL1'1'"~91n\ln£11\l'i!El\IEI'"91"Ul<l')fl"lf'"'Yl i

'V\3..11 r.J L'VI 91q n1'i'V\1 R1'"Lfl r.J\1 LlJ'"Ltl.~ r.J"ll El\IU'i::"lf1n'in'VI1 '~L "li'"L&i r.J1n'"191 r.J n1'i'V\1';)1 n
•I ~ .d • "' • I ..I :'1
u'i::"lf1fi'i'Yl\I'V\3J91 'lf\1';)1'"1'"'iltl\l'ilti3J£l~::Lu£lr.J'"';)1fi
'II
n Lu'" N

..1 ..1
fi::LL'"'" fi113Jfl fi::LL'"'" fi113Jfl

41-45 6 36-40 3
46-50 8 41-45 5
51-55 18 46-50 11
56-60 20 51-55 14
61-65 15 56-60 22

68 ME 631 (ME 731)

 66-70 5 61-65 13
71-75 2 66-70 6

~111 74 ~111 74

~ ~
fl:::LL'I.l>'l.l> ';)~ fl1111Cl fl1111Clflnl.';)~
q 'II q
d d
n~mn\1 fi n~mn-\lfixi IX;-X I fJxi -X 1

X;

41-45 43 6 258 13.58 81.48

46-50 48 8 384 8.58 68.64

51-55 53 18 954 3.58 64.44
56-60 58 20 1160 1.42 28.4

61-65 63 15 945 6.42 96.3

66-70 68 5 340 11.42 57.1

71-75 73 2 146 16.42 32.84

74 4187 429.2
4187
x =
74
= 56.58
429
M.D. =
74
:::::: 5.80

~ ~
fl:::LL '1.1>'1.1> ';)~ fl1111Cl fl1111Clfltu.';)~
q 'II q
d d -
n-\lmn-\1 fi n-\lna1-\l /xi -X I fJxi -X I

X; f;X,

36-40 38 3 114 15.99 47.97

41-45 43 5 215 10.99 54.95

46-50 48 11 528 5.99 65.89

ME 631 (ME 731) 69

 51-55 53 14 742 0.99 13.86
56-60 58 22 1276 4.01 88.22
61-65 63 13 819 9.01 117.13
66-70 68 6 408 14.01 84.06
74 4102 472.08

x = 4102
74
= 53.99
M.D. = 472.08
74
~ 6.38

~'Jt.t.LflU\ILtJ\UJ1GI"iJ1\tl (standard deviation)

"11.u rl tHI LlJ'I.Un q)"i~1U"ll
... ehnh::ozr1 n,-f'l El"i1n~ &Hh1~ LU'UlJ1 n-n a.:~ fi1 Lu~ t.J"ll El-:1
o"" I t; I 0 t...,A A '
"-'d
~au1n"ll a.:~n1 a.:~ "El.:l"ll a.:~ ~aq)1-:l"ll B.:l"ll a~ a LLq) a::";J1'U1ULLa::fl1ll"lfUJll La"llfl mq) uUfl a
n1 XI' X 2 , X 3 , ••• , XN Lii'U''JiB~a"lJB.:i1Jh::ozr1n"i N ,)1'U1'U iifi13J"lf~l1La"llflmq)Lii'U JL
n1Li'iqJan~ma {eh'Ui1 sigma) LL'Yl'U"1'ULflt.J.:!LlJ'UlJ1q)"i!1WliEl.:!th::ozr1n"i
';l::i.~i,

(j = i=l

N
Lxi2
(j = ..!.::.!.___ - Jl2
N
L'UnTfV\1"1ULflt.J.:~LlJ'Ull1~"i~1'U';I1nnGili~1El£h.:i
...
L"i1';1::L"Jiiruan~m
w ~
s 'VI~El S.D. LL'Yl'U
.:=1 ca,.. ~ A
uUfl a
t I I

~1'ULlJ t.J-:1 LlJ'Ull1 q)"i~1'U"ll a.:~n alJq)1 a t.J1.:1

... ~

70 ME 631 (ME 731)

 ci1 XI, Xz I x3, ... , xn LU'U."liEI3J~"liEI\In~3Ji1eH.h\l
.. q
n -;i1'U.1'U. ii~13T"lfllim~"ll
"rn~lLU'U. X LL~1 tl1'U.Lfl [J\1 L1J'U.3J1~1"~i1'U."ll El\ln ~3Ji1 mh.:~f\ El
... q

n
~)x, -X)
2

s = 1=1
n-1

rR7EJH1"rf 1 ~ ~ n1"HlEIU'liEI3Ji'lf1 fl m9lfl1 ~9lf"ll El\IUnL~mi.~El\1"'El\1 u·nn!) ~ ~~\1 L~th1

" '11.1 111 ...... .t
fi::LL'U.w;:nn'U.EIU ~u3J1n ~9lfi\I"U.

'V"\El\1 4/1 : 7, 7, 8, 8, 11,12, 14,14, 15, 15, 15,16

'V"\El\1 4/2 : 6, 7, 8, 8, 8,12, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 17, 17

i=1
N

I
.cl4 0 A A I ~ I ...,

71ln1 'V\1 fl13J'JI"QJ3J L~"llfl CU. lit LL~::~1'U.L 1J U\1 L1J'U.3J1917i1'U."ll

1 .....

... El\lfi::LL'U."U.~El1Jii))"El3J'VI El\1 4/1

1ii.:~d
7 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 11 + 12 + 14 + 14 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 16
Jl =
12
142
=
12
:::::: 11.83
12
L(x-p)z = 2(4.83) 2 +2(3.83) 2 +(0.83) 2 +(0.17) 2 +2(2.17) 2 +3(3.17) 2 +(4.17) 2
l=l

: : : 46.66+29.34+0.69+0.03+9.42+30.15+17.39

ME 631 (ME 731) 71

 = 133.68
(J"
=~ 2
=~
~ 3.34

.
~1fi13.i''.lfahJLa"JJfl tii.Cil LLa::R·n~Ld u" LtJ't.I.3!11Cil~~,u"JJ El-\lfi::LLu u~auiJimJ~a -\I 4/2 L~i"d'
J.l = 6+ 7 +8+8+8+ 12+14+1314+ 14+ 14+ 15 + 17 + 17
154
=
13
~ 11.85
13
L (x- p) 2
= (5.85) 2 +(4.85) 2 +3(3.85) 2 +(0.15) 2 +4(2.15) 2 +(3.15) 2 +2(5.15) 2
i=l

~ 34.22 + 114.08 + 44.47 + 0.02 + 18.49 + 9.92 + 53.05

= 274.25
(J" = ~
~ .J21.10
~ 4.59
... I ..I ~ I ... .... :: ...

L't.I.El-\1';11n ~1't.I.Ltl tJ-\1 Ltl't.1.3J1 Cil~i1't.l.'il El-\I~IEI-\1 4/2 3.11 n n11~ El-\1 4/1 Cil-\1'1.1. 't.l.fi::LL'U. 't.I."JI El-\1~ El-\1
... I ...

4/2 3Jn1~n~::';J1tJ3J1nn11~El-\l 4/1

72 ME 631 (ME 731)

 k
L/;(x;- ,u)2
a = l=l
k

I.t;
i=l
...
'VI~EI

k
I.t;x;2 -N,u
a = i=l

.... I 4
~11 El£.11" fl El

s = i=l

n-1
~1 na'i~~GtTU.L fl r.J" L1J'U.111 ~~;i1'U."Ji1" 9i'U.Ua-1111~t1ii~~tJL'VIli19i'Lij'U.
'II ... 'II

k
~ 2 -
L../;X; -n}{
s = i=l

n-1

ME 631 (ME 731) 73

 ...
~£)~ 3/1 'V\El-\1 3/2

·nut~ ,1~1~ ~1tJ1~ -;11~1~

20-24 2 20-24 1
25-29 4 25-29 4

30-34 8 30-34 6

35-39 12 35-39 9

40-44 7 40-44 13
45-49 4 45-49 4
50-54 2 50-54 3

55-59 1 55-59 2

~111 40 ~111 42
I ..1
';1-\I'V\1 a'1~LlJ tl-\1 LlJ~111 ~~;J1'U"ll1El"
A .. "•• .... ... ... .r
L-\1\U~ El'U~lJn fi~EI-\1"11 El-\l~n L~ tl~a'El-\1 VI El-\I~LLa::
... 'II

fi';]1~nt.T"hL~"UL~El~"l..El-\I~Unfi~EJ-\In~3Jl~iin1~n~::";J1tJ111nn11
'II ~

a = i=l

~1r.J1~ X; f; f;X; (X;-J.J) (x;-J.J )2 J;(x;-J.J)2

20-24 22 2 44 -15.4 237.16 474.32
25-29 27 4 108 -10.4 108.16 432.64
30-34 32 8 256 -5.4 29.16 233.28
35-39 37 12 444 -0.4 0.16 1.92
40-44 42 7 294 4.6 21.16 148.12
45-49 47 4 188 9.6 92.16 368.64
50-54 52 2 104 14.6 213.16 426.32
55-59 57 1 57 19.6 384.16 384.16

~111 40 1495 2469.4

74 ME 631 (ME 731)

 1495
J.l = 40

~ 37.4

k
L/; (xi- J.l)2
(j
= i=l

=
~ 0

~ 6.32

,.,[J'ti xi fi fixi (xi-p) (xi-J.l )2 _t; (xi-p )2

20-24 22 1 22 -17.7 313.29 313.29
25-29 27 4 108 -12.7 161.29 615.16
30-34 32 6 192 -7.7 59.29 355.74
35-39 37 9 333 -2.7 7.29 65.61
40-44 42 13 546 2.3 5.29 68.77
45-49 47 4 188 7.3 53.29 213.16
50-54 52 3 165 12.3 151.29 453.87
55-59 57 2 114 17.3 299.29 598.58
,-·nJ 42 1668 2684.18

J.l = 1668
42

~ 39.7

ME 631 (ME 731) 75

 k
2,J:(x;- ,u) 2
a = i=l

=~2

: : : 7.99

';11 n ~H~ 01'~1 Lfl"'i1::\{on£!3.1 iil';l::lN1J11 fl1 LU~ U"ll £l-\l"'i1 U'~"ll £!-\1 ~'l.] flfl"'iEI-\11l'n L~U'"
~ ~

ia-\1 3/2 Ll-\I011i£l-\l

~
3/1 LLa::th'"Lfl~-\IL1J'"3J1'il"'i~1Wll£l-\1~1U'~~'l.]nfl1£l-\liEI-\I
... ~
3/2 Ll-\1 ~

n11i£l-\l 3/1 ~1U ~-\IL '"~1'""11 £l-\1~1'"Lfl U-\1 L1J'"3J1'i11~1'"1J£lfl

... LiYl"'i11J1111U,~"ll£l-\l
~'llnfl~a"trm~u'""ll a-\lia-:~ 3/2 n1::';11tJ3.nnn11~1 u'~"ll £J-\I~'llnfl"'i£J-:!'ia-:~ 3/1
~ ~

ftiJ1JGl'llih1~1\UdU\IL1J"3J1Gt1J1"
I .d .::f I t • I .., ~
- Ll1'"L1J U-\1 L1J'"3J1'i1~~1'"3Jfl13.11 nn11~~£l LYl101Jfl'"U
... ~
Ltl3J £l

- n1fh'"1 tu.~1 ~11.ufl u-:~ L1J'"3JI"J'i11~1'"

... L'il u1.'lifi1 na1-:1"11 a-\Jona11~ a-n\t'il ~'" 6'lJ

~'3.iL"lifi1 ~·nii 3.1 Liil"ll fl m'il ~1'"Lfl ti-:IL1J '"3.11 'i11~1'"~'~';1::~

... fl13.11 n n11 ~1'U.Lfl U-:1 L1J'"

i=l i=l
>
N N
£JLl3.101~dLij'"-;J'i-\JLLl3J£JL~£l A Luw;hu1'"';l'i-:!L'il ')~'3.iL'Yhnu ,u

4.2. n11ol~n11n1::;nuiaJWflff (measures of relative variation)

..... ..t 1."'
~ '..!' ..I ' ... I ... .I
... "'
1.'"~1"11 a'"-;J::LLLl'il-:1 ~ L~'"11·.u £!3.1'II aYl 111';11 n n a~ 3J'i11 a U1-\l L'il u1 n'" ~1au~::-n1 n"'i

L~ u1n'"LL'ii LiJ~ u-u.LL'll a"' 1.1 L-d. a" ';11 n~a11 a"Jf'ilwi:t-:~ Ltl'" c L'Yi1"11 a -\Jona11 a Ei n-n"~rt"
• 'II ~ 'II q
LLa1

n1"'i~fl113.1n1"'in"'i::';l1 uhw1n-n1"'i~-;J=:n a11'ii a'uU-;J::L'Yi1n'"

n1~1'iln1"'in"'i::';l1 ui11~mfu~;:n au~1 u

76 ME 631 (ME 731)

 {1) i~th::i'Yit.nEh'lfii£..1 = Xmax - Xmin
xmax +X min

M.D.
X

M.D.
f.J

A: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
8: 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80
n1LmuuLYiuu"liEJ~a-;nnfiiu,::L~'U.i1"liEI~a
~ ~
A ii~iu 8-2 =6 "Ji'EJ~a 8
~
ii

L'Yhn'l.l.
tl1 L'i1'V\1t:hnTm'i::';l1 £Ji,'ln~11~1 £.I i~th::i'Yif"ll EI.:J~im vhnu xmax - xmin
xmax + xmin

8-2
A
8+2
= 0.6

ME 631 (ME 731) 77

 80 20
B iinTm7::-;nr.J - = 0.6
80+20

A: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
B: 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80
imJa
'II
A ii
6+1
I= 1.75
4
6 1
3( + ) = 5.25
4
"'
"lltllla
'II
B 11...
6+1
= 1.75
4
3( 6 + 1 ) = 5.25
4

n1LmuuLfiuu-Ea11a
'II
1~ul"ll'th"U.Ltl r.J'I1LU'U.fil1tllnLf
Q.D. = Q3 - Q1
2
"::ViUi1i:ifi1~1'11n'U. mh1fltlti1'U.Lflr.J'I1LlJ'U.fil1tl''Ylt{"lltl'l1itllla 'II

A Lrhriu 2.25 LL9i&f1'U.Lflr.J'I1LlJ'U.fil1a,'t1la"lla"ialJa

'II
s Lrhnu 22.5 ~"iifi19i1"n'" ~1n
"::~fil1111n17n7::"1u"1nfi1 a.o. -;,::~fl11lli1ialla
'II
B n7::"1r.Jll1nni1-Ea11a
'II
A \11\~
n17~fil11ll~~'tl
'"' "'tl ~..( I ..1 'VI .. 'VI"'o
LL~tl1~n17n7::"1r.J"1n~ll 7::~'Yl1i"lltl'11~1'U.LlJr.J'I1 LlJ'U.fil1tl L'Yla":: L~11
'II

Q3 -Ql
=
Q3 +Ql
72.5-17.5
=
72.5 + 17.5
= 0.61

78 ME 631 (ME 731)

 Q3-Q1
= Q3+Q1
7.25-1.75
= 7.25 + 1.75
= 0.61

A: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8
B: 20, 30, 50, 70, 80
... ... -
"DElli~ A 11 X =5
" /2-5/+ /3 -51+ 15 -51+ /7- 51+ /8-5/
M.D. =
5
= 2
"Ji'Elll~ B ~ X = 50
" /20- 501+ 130- 501+ I 50- 501+ /70- 501+ /80-501
M.D. = 5
= 20
n1Lti7£JUL Yi uu"li'Elll~ L~£J1-Ktb't.I.Lfl [J~ LU'U.Lu~ £J\l::Vi1J11~fl1~1~fl'U. na11~ EJjj1'\.l.
... ... ... " ' ... ' ... ... ... ' ... d
L1J£J~L1J'U.Lu~£J"lJEI~"lJEI3Ja A L'Yl1n1J 2 LL~::~1\.l.L1J£J~L1J'U.Lu~£J"lJEI~"lJEI11~ 8 L'Yl1n1J 20 Slf~
d 1 I G,.o.to .:=( " I "
11fl1~1~nu 'VI1n\l::~fl1111nTm'l::\l1£J\l1nfl1 M.D.

111nn11"1iE111~ A ·rh1~n1'l~fl1111~~'1tJ
"

M.D. 2
X
= 5

ME 631 (ME 731) 79

 M.D. 20 2
x = 50
=
5

I II;

Lrnn'-4

A: 21 31 51 7 8I

8: 20, 30, 50, 70, 80

-H'enJa A ii
'II
X =5
(2-5) 2 +(3-5) 2 +(5-+5) 2 +(7-5) 2 +(8-5) 2
s = 5

=f!
= 2.28
-n'a11a
'II
B ij X = so
(20- 50) 2 + (30- 50) 2 +(50- 50) 2 + (70- 50) 2 + (80- 50) 2
s = 5

= ~26500

= 22.8
tl1LmE.J1JLnE.JlJ"JiEJ3Ja
'II
1~E.JL"lf~1ULflE.J~LlJ'U.111~~i1W;J::'V'llJ'·hiifi1~1~n'U.
a
na11~E1
I d I' I II; I d I'
~1\4LlJE.l~LlJ\43J1~~i1WllEI~"liEI3Ja
a 'II
A L1Y11nlJ 2.28 LLa::~1\4LlJE.l\ILlJ\43.11~~i1\4"11El3Ja
a 'II
8
1 ..... d ~ 1 1 a, A I d I 411
Lrnnu 22.8 'If~3Jfl1~1~n'-4 'V\1n';l:::~f\113Jn1~n~:::,.,,E.J,.,1nfl1 s ';l:::f!fi111111"11Ellla 8
'II

n~:::,.,1E.J111nni1"li'a11a
'II
A 'thl~n1~9ifi113J~fl1u

80 ME 631 (ME 731)

 LL~n1~n1'm~::';J1tJ';J1ni11th::i'Ylf-neh1n1~LLti~~'"";J::'~i1
'II
...
"11El11a
'II
A
s 2.28
X
= 5
= 0.456
"Ji'a11a B
'II

s
X
= -22.8
- = 0.456
50

A: 10, 11, 11, 13, 14, 14, 16, 17, 19

B: 41,46, 54, 68, 74, 78,86, 88,94

:S5ri1 (1) lni11tl~::i'Y1~a"rliu

"Ji'a11a A ~i1.1tl~::i'Ylf.na"Viiu
'II
=
19-10
= 19+ 10
9
= 29
~ 0.31

xmax- xmin

xmax + xmin
94-41
=
94+41

ME 631 (ME 731) 81

 53
= 135
~ 0.39

.,
,
"11El11a A
"" .1 ... ,L ' ..I 111 .-
(2) ~1ft11u,-::ft''Yl1Ml El-3 ft'1'-I.LlH.h'IL1J'U.f11 El L'Yl a

A: 10, 11, 11, 13, 14, 14, 16,. 17, 19

B: 41,46, 54, 68, 74, 78, 86,88, 94
., .... o'l 9+ 1 ... ~
"11a11a
, A 11 a 1 mH'-I.fi1LL~'-I.-3 -
,
0

4 2.5 fl-3'-1.'-1.
I
= a =111

•'I 9+1 ... ~

0
0

3 EltJL\I.fi1LL~\I.-3
,
'
3(---<-)
4
= 7.5 fl-3\1.\1. a3 = 16.5
.,
,
..,. "" .1 ... ,L '
"11El11a A 11ft11u,-::ft'Yl1i"l1El-3ft1'-I.L1Jtl-3LU'-I.fl1El L'Yla
..I 111 .-
= Q -Q 3 1

16.5-11
= 16.5 + 11

= 0.2

., .... •'I 9 + 1 2 ... ~ 46 + 54

"lla11a B 11
, a 1
0
au L'U.fi1LL~'-I.-3 -
,
'

4 = .5 fl-3'-1.'-1. a 1 = 2 = 50
•'I 9+1 ... ~
0 3
0

El~L\I.fi1LL~\I.-3
'

3(-- ) = 7.5 fl-3'-1.\1. a 3 = 87

4
., ..,. "" .I "" ,L ~ 111 .- Q3 -Q1
'
"11El11a B 11ft'11u,-::ft''Yl1M1El-3ft'1'-I.L1Jtl-3L1J'"f11El L'Yla
,
= ~+~

87-50
= 87+50
= 0.27

82 ME 631 (ME 731)

 "".1 "' J • d d
(3) 'V\1 LU.Iu~::~Yl1i"ll El\1 a'1'U.L'lJ U\1 L'lJ'U.L,.LUJ
A: 10, 11, 11, 13,14 ,14, 16, 17, 19
B: 41, 46, 54, 68, 74, 78, 86, 88, 94

"
"1JEJ11a A 11
... -
X = 10 + 11 + 11 + 13 + 14 + 14 + 16 + 17 + 19
'II
9

~ 13.9

3.9 + 2.9+ 2.9 + 0.9+ 0.1 + 0.1 + 2.1 +3.1 + 5.1

M.D. = 9

: : : 2.3

M.D. 2.3
x = 13.9
: : : 0.17

B 11... X
" - 41+46+54+68+74+78+86+88+94
"11EJ11a
'II
=
9

: : : 69.9

28.9 + 23.9 + 15.9 + 1.9 + 4.1 + 8.1 + 16.1 + 18.1 + 24.1

M.D.=
9

~ 15.7

M.D. 15.7
x = 69.9

;:::: 0.22

ME 631 (ME 731) 83

 (4) 'V\ 1 iin.h:: i'Yl h a" nT1LLthWu.
A: 10, 11, 11, 13, 14, 14, 16, 17, 19
B: 41,46, 54, 68, 74, 78,86, 88,94
... ... -
"llel11a A 11 X ~ 13.9
'II

(3.9) 2 +(2.9) 2 +(2.9) 2 +(0.9)~ +(0.1) 2 +(0.1) 2 +(2.1) 2 +(3.1) 2 +(5.1) 2

s = 9

= ~68~48

~ 2.76

s
X
2.76
= 13.9
~ 0.20
... ... -
"llel11a B 11 X ~ 69.9
'II

M.D. = 28.9+ 23.9 + 15.9+ 1.9 + 4.1

9
+ 8.1 + 16.1 + 18.1 + 24.1

(28.9) 2 +(23.9) 2 +(15.9) 2 +(1.9) 2 +(4.1) 2 +(8.1) 2 +(16.1) 2 +(18.1) 2 +(24.1) 2

s = 9

= ~258~.28

~ 16.95

84 ME 631 (ME 731)

 s
tUJ 7:::~'Y11MIEh1nT'HLtl""
""ti""J 7~'1-L = -
X
16.95
= 69.9
~ 0.24

fl:::LL'I-L'I-L 1i1'1-L1'1-L fl:::LL'I-L'!.L

•
';11'1-L1'1-L

45-49 3 40-44 2
50-54 5 45-49 4
55-59 8 50-54 6
60-64 12 55-59 9
65-69 24 60-64 13
70-74 13 65-69 14
75-79 8 70-74 21
80-84 4 75-79 2
7111 71 7111 70

ME 631 (ME 731) 85

 fl:: LL 'U.'U. x, J; J; X; (x;-X) (x;-X } 2 J; (x;-X } 2

45-49 47 3 141 -24.68 209.10 627.3

50-54 52 5 260 -19.68 307.30 1536.5
55-59 57 8 456 -14.68 215.50 1724
60-64 62 12 744 -9.68 93.70 1124.4

65-69 67 24 1608 -4.68 21.90 525.6

70-74 72 13 936 0.32 0.10 1.3

75-79 77 8 616 5.32 28.30 226.4

80-84 82 4 328 10.32 106.50 426

71 5089 6191.5

5089
.X - - - :::::: 71.68
71

k
Lh(X; -X)2
s = i=l

=~1

:::::: 9.33

86 ME 631 (ME 731)

 fl::LL'U.'U. x, J; J; x, (x,-X) (x, -X ) 2 J; (x,-X ) 2

40-44 42 2 84 -22.39 501.31 1,002.62

45-49 47 4 188 -17.39 302.41 1,209.64
50-54 52 6 312 -12.39 153.51 921.06
55-59 57 9 513 -7.39 54.61 491.49
60-64 62 13 806 -2.39 5.71 74.23
65-69 67 14 938 2.61 6.81 95.34
70-74 72 21 1,512 7.61 57.91 1,216.11
75-79 77 2 154 12.61 159.01 318.02
70 4, 507 5,328.51

X - 4507 ~ 64.39
70

s = i=l ~ ~ 5328.52 = 8. 72
N 70

~1 i3Jtl"i::i'Yl~ El'l1n1"iLLU"i~Wll El\1 fl::LL 'U.'U.t "i\1 L~U'U.La'~3J1'Yl tlfln'J~n

s
..... tl .... .t tl .....
a'3J "i::a''YltrliEl·.'ln1"iLL "ie.J'U. = -= = -9.33- ~ 0.130
X 71.68
~1 i3Jtl"i::i'Yl~ El\1 n1"iLLU"i~Wll El\lfl::LL'U.'U.t "i\1 L~U'U.L ';l'U.e1m!-"i
..... tl ... .t tl .....
a'3J "i::a''YltrliEl\ln1"iLL "ie.J'U. = -=s 8. 72
= - - ~ 0.135
X 64.38
i3J1h::i'Ylt"ll El'l1n1"iLLU"i~'U."ll El\1 "i\1 L~U'U.L ';l'U.e1n1!-"ia'\l n11"1l El\1 "i\1 L~U 'U.La'~3Ji'Yl tlfln 1!-1
t t
'II

t t
Laml'El ULLa'~l\111fl::LL'U. 'U.e.Jan1"ia'fl1J"ll El\1 "i\1 L~U'U.L';l'U.e)n 1Y''m"i::';11 U3J1nn11"1l el\1 "i\1 L~U'U.

L~~3Ji'YlrJfln'l!-1 LanUel U 'U.Eln';l1nJ''U.fl1 LU~ U"lJEl\1t "i\IL~U'U.L';l'U.e)nM"in~1n11"1J el\1h\1 L~U'U.

ME 631 (ME 731) 87

1. ~"'V\1 Q 11Q 2 LLa:: Q 3 "lltl"fl::LL'U'U9iEJ~tJd
1.1 121 31 01 111 71 81 151 181 12
1.2 111 131 101 141 171 181 111 121 131 16
1.3 61 61 81 121 71 71 141 141 181 17
1.4 161 131 191 111 171 181 81 101 121 14
2. ~"'V\1 01' 0 3 1 0 6 1 0 8 "liEI"fl::LL'U'U~EJltHf
2.1 121 131 101 151 71 181 191 111 191 121 14
2.2 151 241 231 131 191 141 181 181 161 121 13, 16
2.3 16126138112137147124124118,17123122
2.4 2412814613614312913115712818110116114

22 33 10 35 17 58 9 41 19 52 14
35 24 53 23 1<9 14 38 18 26 12 13
16 46 26 38 112 37 47 24 24 8 17
23 42 24 38 46 36 43 29 31 57 28
48 40 36 24
4. ~1n-llEJ11aLWllEI
'II
3. ~"1'1111
4.1
.... ... ... 'Ill ...
'UnL'UJWilEI"~tl'l.J ~lilfl::LL'U'UL'Yl1 ~,-~"~::11
I 'Ill A ... tl d d .... ...
'l::111tu.fl'l"'VI'U""liEI"'UnL'l£J'U 'l.l.'lf\1.
1 ~

lifl::LL'I.I.'U~1n11
.... ... ... 'Ill... I 'Ill .. ... ..... ... tl d 'I ..1 ~
4.2 'UnL"H.I'U~::IiiEI"~tl'l.J ~lilfl::LL'\II.'UL 'Yl1 ~,-~"~::11\l.nL'l£.1'1.1. 'l::111ni.'VI'I.I." ~'U~"liEI""lf'U
l~fl::LL'U'U~"n11
'II

4.3 unL~£.1'1.1.~::~El" ~EJ'l.Jl~fl::LL 'U'I.I.L'Yh l,-~"'~::~~~El'l.Jlifl::LL'I.I.'U1l'EJ£Jn11EJ£i

'II 'II
6
L\1.10

88 ME 631 (ME 731)

 ..1
fi::LL'U'U fl1111tl

21-25 6
26-30 12
31-35 16
36-40 23
41-45 30
46-50 18
51-55 10

56-60 5

1'111 120
.-.!'!!! d o..l'll!.-
5.1 ';l\I'V\1 Q 2 , 0 5
LL~:: P 50 LL~1Lu1'tl1JL 'Yl tl1Jfi1'Yl L~

5.2 ';l\I'V\1 Q3 - Ql
2
6. ';l1nn11'~T~1';l-;i1'U1'1-LLifa fl~a9i1\l ')~i'1'1-Lfl1~~1 LL'Yl'U-;i1'VIti1 tJ LLV:\I'VI\t\l-;i1'VIti1 tJL~'1-L
... ..1 .,. ... ~I ..,. ... .J'
1'1-L'Yl 1 L~B'U1i'U11fl11 u 2550 11~\1'1-L

A 485 24
8 550 32
c 675 22
D 875 14
E 990 31
F 1220 16

G 1320 8
H 1440 9

ME 631 (ME 731) 89

 .... I

~\lmn1

6.2 ';1\I'V\1 Q.D. "lleh1~1fi1Lia~1~"111tl'~'h~1ui\ln~11

6.3 ';1\I'V\1 M.D. "llEI\1~1fi1LifEI~1J1tJ,llu1ui\ln~11
,4 \'1~ 'I I~ I 4 0 tl ~ . . .r
7. -;nnn1~flnH1~tJ L~"llEI\Ifi1U'U.'VI11U111UL'VI\I'VI'U.\I
~
';l1'U.1'U. 138 "'" ~1nn"l.Ja11a~"'"
~ ~

~1tJ'~
0
';)1'\.1,1'\.l,

281000-301999 8
31,000-33,999 14
34,000-36,999 25
37,000-39,999 19
40,000-42,999 19
43,000 -45,999 17
46,000-48,999 14
49,000-51,999 10
52,000-54,999 8
55,000-57,999 4

I.J'
LL'VI\I'U.

7.2 ';l\I'V\1 Q.D.

\'1~ 1 I~ .r
"llEI\1~1tl L~"llEI\I~'U. 'U.'V1111J1'U.'U.
~

\'1 ~ 'I I~ .r
7.3 ';l\I'V\1 M.D. "llEI\1~1tl L~"llEI-\Ifi'U.L'U.'V1111J1'U.'U.
~

90 ME 631 (ME 731)