NAME: Jefferson N.
Cloma
SECTION: BSBA 1A
Where Did the First Catholic Mass Take Place in the Philippines?
Category
Brief description of the Author
Type of source (Primary or
secondary)
Main points raised by the article
Texts from the article which
supports the main points raised
Relevance to the Philippine History
References: https://upd.edu.ph/limasawa-vs-butuan-the-first-easter-mass/
Albo Pigafetta
Francisco Albo is one of the Pilot of Antonio Pigafetta has the most
Magellan’s ship. One of the 18 detailed or complete account of
survivors who return with Sebastian Magellan expedition in the Battle
Elcano on the ship Victoria after of Mactan. His account also
circumnavigating the world. contains data at economic activities.
Francisco Albo is one of the He was among the 18 survivors who
Victoria’s Pilot. His account is short returned to Spain and serve as an
and it mainly focus on the location of eyewitness of significant events
the expedition on certain dates only on the First Mass. He has the
longest and most comprehensive
account where he narrated how
they gallantly survived the
unforeseen problems and
challenges during the journey.
Primary Source Primary Source
According to Albo they went to The first mass was held on March 31,
island named Masaua or the 1521. Based on the Pigafetta’s
Limasawa. There they planted a cross account, at the 28th of March of the
upon a montain-top where they were same year, their group landed on a
able to overlook the three Island from place called Masaua. This would
west and southwest. However, it was mean that the mass happened when
not mention in the log whether the they were staying at the Island of
planting of the cross was the first Masaua.
mass held here in the Philippines.
Historian Pablo Pastells stated on the If we will think of the name Masao, it
footnote to Francisco Collins labor was somehow near to the name
evangelica, that Magellan did not go Mazauaas said by albo on his logs.
to Butuan but from Limasawa to Based on pigafetta’s detailed diary, it
Cebu. was easter day when Magellan sent a
priest ashore with some men to
prepare for the mass. However it was
not pointed in Pigafettas’s acoount
that Butuan is the place where the
first mass happen.
They were reliable since they were Pigafetta has the merit to have
present during that time and were recorded in his chronicles a major
able to see and experience the event event of the History of the
that happened Philippines, the first encounter
between Filipinos and Europeans. His
work "Report on the First Voyage
around the World" includes the
earliest documents available on the
language and culture of the islands of
Samar and Cebu
NAME: Jefferson N. Cloma
SECTION: BSBA 1A
What Happened in the Cavite Mutiny?
Category
Brief description of the Author
Type of source (Primary or
secondary)
Main points raised by the article
Texts from the article which
supports the main points raised
Relevance to the Philippine History They were reliable since they were They were reliable since they were
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny#:~:text=of%20native%20clergy.-,Account
%20of%20Jose%20Montero%20y%20Vidal,labor%20(polo%20y%20servicio)
Montero Izquerdo
José Montero y Vidal was a the governor-general of the
Spanish historian who interpreted Philippines at the time of the
that the mutiny was an attempt to mutiny
remove and overthrow the
Spanish colonizers in the
Philippines
Primary Source Primary Source
The Cavite Mutiny was an aim of Governor-General Izquierdo
the natives to get of the Spanish insisted that the mutiny was
government in the Philippines, stimulated and prepared by the
due to the removal of privileges native clergy, mestizos and
enjoyed by the laborers of the lawyers as a signal of objection
Cavite arsenal at Fort San Felipe, against the injustices of the
such as exemption from the government such as not paying
tribute and forced labor (polo y provinces for tobacco crops, pay
servicio) tribute and rendering of forced
labor. It is not clearly identified if
Vidal believes that this mutiny is to the natives planned to inaugurate
dethrone Spanish Government rule in a monarchy or a republic because
Philipines whereas Tavera believes they do not have a word in their
that this mutiny was due to the own language to describe this
scrapping of privileges of workers different form of government,
and other members who were Filipino whose leader in Filipino would be
called "hari".
The democratic and republican However, it turned out that they
books and pamphlets, the would set at the supreme of the
speeches and preaching of the government a priest and that the
apostles of these new ideas in leader selected would be José
Spain and the outburst of the Burgos or Jacinto Zamora, which
American publicists and the cruel was the plan of the rebels who
policies of the insensitive guided them; and the means they
governor whom the reigning counted upon its realization
government sent to govern the
country. Native Filipinos put into
action these ideas where the
occurring conditions which gave
rise to the idea of achieving their
independence
present during that time and were present during that time and were
able to see and experience the event able to see and experience the event
that happened that happened
NAME: Jefferson N. Cloma
SECTION: BSBA 1A
Category
Brief description of the Author
Type of source (Primary or
secondary)
Main points raised by the article
Texts from the article which
supports the main points raised
Relevance to the Philippine History
What Happened in the Cavite Mutiny
Pardo de Tavera Plauchut
a Filipino scholar and researcher, a Frenchman residing in Manila at the
wrote the Filipino version of the time of the revolt, gives a
bloody incident in Cavite. dispassionate account of it and its
causes in an article published in the
Revue des Deux Mondes in 1877
Primary Source Primary Source
The event was just a simple Plauchut traced the immediate
mutiny since up to that time the cause to a peremptory order from
Filipinos have no intention of the Governor-General Izquierdo,
separation from Spain but only exacting personal taxes from the
secure materials and education Filipino laborers in the
advancements in the country. engineering and artillery corps in
However, the mutiny was used at the Cavite arsenal, and requiring
a powerful level. Also, in this time, them to perform forced labor like
the central government deprived ordinary subjects. Until then,
friars of the powers of involvement these workers in the arsenal had
in civil government and in been enjoying exemptions from
governing and handling both taxes and forced labor.
universities.
This resulted in the friars' fear that January 20, the day of the revolt,
their leverage in the Philippines was payday and the laborers
would be a thing in the past, took found the amount of taxes as well
advantage of the mutiny and as the corresponding fee in lieu of
reported it to the Spanish the forced labor deducted from
government as a broad their pay envelopes. It was the
conspiracy organized throughout last straw. That night they
the archipelago with the object of mutinied. Forty infantry soldiers
abolishing Spanish sovereignty and twenty men from the artillery
took over command of Fort of San
Felipe and fired carronades to
announce their moment of
triumph.
They were reliable since they were They were reliable since they were
present during that time and were present during that time and were
able to see and experience the event able to see and experience the event
that happened that happened
NAME: Jefferson N. Cloma
SECTION: BSBA 1A

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny#:~:text=The%20Cavite%20mutiny%20(Spanish%3A
%20Mot%C3%ADn,)%20on%20January%2020%2C%201872.

Did Rizal Retract?

Category Balaguer Cuerpo de Vigilancia

Brief description of the Author
Type of source (Primary or
secondary)
Main points raised by the article
Texts from the article which
supports the main points raised
Relevance to the Philippine History
He is a Jesuit priest who claimed that he Cuerpo de Vigilancia was a Spanish
conveyed to convince Rizal to denounce colonial police force in the Philippines
Masonry and return to Catholic fold in during the late 19th and early 20th
1917, an affidavit executed that proves he centuries
was who solemnized the marriage of Jose
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
Primary Source Primary Source
Fr. Balaguer mentioned that Rizal The article may discuss the role or
softened a bit when he warned him actions of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia in
that his soul would go to hell if he did relation to José Rizal or other aspects of
not return to the Catholic fold. Philippine history.
Quotes or references to historical Official reports, records, or historical
documents, eyewitness testimonies, or accounts detailing the activities or
scholarly interpretations regarding operations of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia in
Rizal’s alleged retraction the Philippines.
The question of whether Rizal retracted The Cuerpo de Vigilancia’s activities and
his beliefs is significant in Philippine presence in the Philippines are relevant to
history as it sheds light on his final stance Philippine history as they reflect the
towards the Spanish colonial regime and mechanisms of Spanish colonial control
its impact on the nationalist movement in and repression, as well as the resistance
the Philippines. movements and struggles against colonial
rule.

References: http://www.joserizal.ph/rt03.html

Where Did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

NAME: Jefferson N. Cloma
SECTION: BSBA 1A
Category
Brief description of the Author
Type of source (Primary or
secondary)
Main points raised by the article
Texts from the article which
supports the main points raised
Relevance to the Philippine History
References: Studocu
Masangkay Valenzuela
Masangkay a friend and adviser of A Filipino physician and a major figure
Andres Bonifacio, was born on June 25, during the Philippine Revolution against
1867 in Tondo, Manila. Masangkay, one Spanish colonizers
of the first members of the Katipunan
Primary Source Primary Source
The main point raised by the article is The main point raised by the article is
that the Cry of Rebellion, also known asthat the Cry of Rebellion occurred in
the Cry of Balintawak or Pugad Lawin, August 1896, northeast of Manila, where
marked the start of revolutionary eventsFilipino revolutionaries declared
in the Philippines. rebellion against the Spanish colonial
government.
The text states, “Nineteenth-century The text states, “Nineteenth-century
journalists used the phrase ‘El Grito de journalists used the phrase ‘El Grito de
Rebelion’ or ‘Cry of Rebellion’ to mark Rebelion’ or ‘Cry of Rebellion’ to mark
the start of revolutionary events which the start of revolutionary events which
happened in August 1896, northeast of happened in August 1896, northeast of
Manila, where they declared rebellion Manila, where they declared rebellion
against the Spanish colonial against the Spanish colonial
government.” government.”
The relevance to Philippine history is that The relevance to Philippine history is that
the Cry of Rebellion was a significant the Cry of Rebellion was a pivotal
event that sparked the Philippine moment in the Philippine Revolution and
Revolution against Spanish colonial rule marked the beginning of the fight for
independence from Spanish colonial rule