Organic Farming & Waste Management (Inchara)

Organic Farming & Waste Management
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production systems are crucial for meeting the food
demand of the ever-increasing human population. However, these systems generate large
amount of wastes which is a major environmental challenge when not properly managed. The
difficulty and cost-related constraints associated with achieving sustainable food production
through effective soil and crop management practices has led to a paradigm shift from
inorganic farming to organic farming, where agricultural wastes are incorporated into the
production systems. Organic farming applies natural principles for improved quality and
quantity of crop produce while maintaining and/or improving soil health. This paper explores
some ways in which agricultural wastes are used and their impacts on soil properties and
crop yield in organic farming systems.
Keywords: Organic wastes; Environmental quality; Soil physical properties; Soil organic
carbon; Crop yield
PESCE ,Mandya Page1

CONTENTS : ORGANIC FARMING

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2. OBJECTIVES
2.1 Types of Organic Farming
2.2 Techniques and Purpose of Organic Farming
Chapter 3. METHODOLOGIES
Chapter 4. HISTORY
4.1 Difference of Organic and Inorganic farming
4.2 Importance and Principles of Organic farming
Chapter 5. FIELD VISIT
5.1 Visting Information
5.2.2 Preparation and uses of Jeevamrutham
5.2.3 Benefits of organic farming
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2. FARM WASTE
Chapter 3. LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4. CHALLENGES
Chapter 5. CONCLUSION
Chapter 6. REFERENCE
PESCE ,Mandya Page2

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In today’s time where peoples are falling to chronic disease easily, who would like
to risk their life with the harmful pesticides and fertilizers? But there is a way to rescue
ourselves from these life threatening chemicals and that is Organic Farming.
Organic Farming system in India is not new and is being practiced from thousands years ago.
It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising
crops in such a way, where the fertilizers, pesticides etc. are obtained from plant residues and
animal products for increased sustainable production in eco-friendly pollution free
environment.
Organic farming is an agricultural approach that emphasizes sustainability, biodiversity, and

natural methods to cultivate crops. It avoids synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, focusing on
organic inputs like compost and crop rotation. The goal is to promote soil health, minimize
environmental impact, and produce food without the use of genetically modified organisms.
Organic farming also prioritizes animal welfare, eschewing antibiotics and growth hormones
in livestock. Overall, it aims to create a balanced and self-sustaining ecosystem while
providing consumers with wholesome, chemical-free produce.
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WHAT IS ORGANIC FARMING ?
0rganic farming is the use of agricultural production system reliant on green

manure, compost, biological pest, and crop rotation to produce crops, livestock and
popularity.
Organic centered agricultural production system fosters the cycling of the resource to
conserve biodiversity and promote ecological balance. The use of green manure, cover crops,
animal manure, and soil rotation , to interrupt the habitation of pests and diseases, improve
soil fertility, and maximize the soil’s biological activity are the primary aspects of organic
farming.
fig-1:plant manure
fig-2:Animal manure
CHAPTER-2
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OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming may be adopted, to……
1. Increase genetic diversity.
2. Promote more usage of natural pesticides.
3. Make sure the right soil cultivation at the right time.
4. Keep and build good soil structure and fertility.
5. Control pasts, diseases and weed
2.1 TYPES OF ORGANIC FARMING :-
1. Pure organic farming:-

It involves the use of organic manures and bio-pesticides with complete avoidance
of inorganic chemicals and pesticides.
2. Integrated organic farming:-

It involves integrated nutrients management and integrated pests management. It is
the type of farming where you grow crops from natural resources. Further, having the
complete nutritive value and also manage to prevent the crop or plants.
2.2 TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIC FARMING :

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• CROP ROTATION:-
It is technique to grow various kinds of crops in the same area, according to the
different season, in a sequential way.
• GREEN MANURE:-
It refers to the dying plants that are uprooted and turned into the soil to make them
act as a nutrient for the soil to increase its quality.
• BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL:-
With this method, we use living organisms to control pests with or without the use
of chemicals.
• COMPOST:-
Highly rich in nutrients, it is a recycled organic matter used as a fertilizer in the

agriculture farms.
Purpose:
It helps to maintain environment health by reducing the level of pollution. It reduces

human and animal health hazards by reducing the level of residues in the product. It helps in
keeping agricultural production at a sustainable level. It reduces the cost of agricultural
production and also improves the soil health
CHAPTER-3
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METHODOLOGIES :
1. Soil Management:-
After cultivation of crops, the soil loses its nutrients and its quality deplete. Organic
agriculture initiates the use of bacteria that is present in animal waste. The bacteria helps in
making the soil nutrients more productive and fertile
2. Weed Management:-
Weed is unwanted plant that grows in agricultural fields. Organic agriculture focuses
on lowering weed and not removing it completely. The two most widely used weed
management techniques are-----
• Mulching: A process where we use plastic films or plant residue on the surface of the soil
to block the growth of weed.
• Mowing or cutting: Where there is a removal of weeds of top growth.
3. Crop diversity:
Monoculture is the practice used in the agriculture fields where we harvest and
cultivate only type of crop in a particular place. Recently, polyculture has come in existence.
Where we harvest and cultivate kinds of crops. To meet the increasing crop demand and
produce the required soil microorganism.
4. Controlling other Organism:-
There are both useful and harmful organism in the agricultural farm which affect the
field , So, we need to control the growth of such organisms to protect the soil and the crops.
We can do this by the use of herbicides and pesticides that contain fewer chemicals or are
natural.
CHAPTER-4
PESCE ,Mandya Page7
HISTORY OF ORGANIC FARMING:
➢ Organic farming is the oldest agricultural practice, was practice even more than 10000
years ago, dating back to Neolithic age by ancient civilization like
Mesopotemia , Hwang Ho Basin etc.
➢ As per Ramayana, all dead things returned to earth that in nourish soil and life.
Mahabharat (5500 B C) Kamdhenu- The role of cow in human life and soil fertility.
Kautilya Arthasashtra (300 B C) several manure like oilcake and extra of animal.
Rigbed (2500-1500 B.C) -Green manure, use of dung goat , sheep, cow etc.
Birhat Sanhita-Methods of choosing manure for crops and manuring.
Although many concept s of organic farming predated his work, Sir Albert howard is
commonly regarded as the father of organic agriculture.
He was raised on a farm in England and educated at Cambridge university. He served as

amycologist in the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies (1899-1902),
before returning to England to teach agricultural science at South-Eastern Agricultural
College in Wye (1903-1905).
He moved to India in 1905 and conducted agricultural research for twenty six years before
permanently returning to England in 1931.In An Agricultural Testament (1940) Howard laid out
his vision for agriculture based on nature as a model with great emphasis on a concept that is central
to organic farming--the importance of utilizing organic waste materials to build and maintain soil
fertility and humus content.
4.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC

FARMING:-
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ORGANIC FARMING INORGANIC FARMING
1. Based on ecological orientation 1. Based on chemical orientation
2. improve soil fertility 2. Deteriorate soil fertility
3. no problem like air, water, 3. Pollution problems are present
Soil pollution
4.GMO’s are not allowed 4. GMO’s are used
5. Irrigation requirements are used 5. Intensive irrigation
6.Uses bio fertilizer 6. Uses chemicals fertilizer
7. Improve ecosystem 7. Impact ecosystem
fig-3:Organic farming fig-4: Inorganic farming
4.2 IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING:-
• The environment benefits because natural habitat sources are less threatened.
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• It provides healthier food for people.
PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIC FARMING:-
1.Principle health:-
Organic agriculture must contributed to the health and well being of soil, plants,
animals and human in earth.
2. The principle of ecological balance:-
We must model organic farming on living ecological system. Moreover, the methods
of organic farming must fit the ecological balance and cycle.
3. Principle of fairness:-
Organic farming provides a good quality of life and helps in reducing soil infertility.
4. Principle of care:-
We should practice organic agriculture in a careful and responsible way to help the
present and future generation and the environment.
CHAPTER-5
FIELD VISIT
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Place : Hallikar Niranjan Organic Farm (Kanasu Farm)
Location: The Organic Farm is located at Honnanayakanahalli village, Keregodu Hobli ,

Mandya . It is approximately 27km from Mandya and 102km from Bengaluru.
Fig-5: Kanasu Organic Farm

5.2.1 VISITING INFORMATION :
This is an incredible story of Niranjan, a farmer in Karnataka’s Mandya District.

He left the thrills of city life in Bengaluru to chase his dream and fallow his father’s footsteps
of being a farmer
“We wake up every day and hit the fields. We think of Nothing, but farming” says Niranjan .
A visit was conducted to Hallikar Niranjan farm on 26 th Jan 2024. Niranjan is a organic
farmer from Honnayakanahalli village, Mandya taluk. He his having 10 acres of land and He
his having 10 hallikar cows and three calves with variety of fruits plants / trees in his farm
(including jack fruit, managos, orange ,banana, chikku, ramapala, lakshamanapala etc) ,and
he maintains wooden beehive in his farm . He cultivates variety of plants /trees by organic
method using Jeevamrutham.
5.2.2(a) Prepartion of jeevamrutham:- He prepared Jeevamrutham in drum by

mixing cow dung with cow urine(gomurta),adding jaggery, and handful of garden sand and
let it ferment for 8 days. stir the mixture clockwise thrice a day and incubate .
Fig-6(a)(b) :jeevamrutham preparation

 Jeevamrut is a liquid organic manure which is an excellent source of natural carbon

and biomass that contains macro and micro nutrients required by crops. In
comparison otherforms of manures, Jeevamrut has proven to be more effective and
can be used along with other manures.
5.2.2(b)Uses of Jeevamruth Spray :
The use of jeevamrut is, in acidic soil increases the pH level and vice versa in alkaline soil. It
sustainably increases crop yield and cuts down an entire expense of chemical fertilizer and
improves the soil health. Jeevamrut is 100% organic and have no harmful effects on soil
health.
Fig -7(a) Kanasu Organic farming

Fig-7(b): Kanasu Organic farming
5.2.3BENEFIT:
• Produces healthy soil
• Fight against effect of global warming
• Combat erosion
• Water Health
• Animals health
• Encourage Biodiversity
• Reduction in production cost
• Increased farmers Income
• Better purchasing power

Abstract: Waste Management
The objectives of writing this paper is to study the current practices related to the various
waste management initiatives taken in India for human wellbeing. The other purpose is to
provide some suggestions and recommendations to improve the waste management practices
in Indian towns. This paper is based on secondary research. Existing reports related to waste
management and recommendations of planners/NGOs/consultants/government accountability
agencies/key industry experts/ for improving the system are studied. It offers deep
knowledge about the various waste management initiatives in India and find out the scope for
improvement in the management of waste for the welfare of the society. The paper attempts
to understand the important role played by the formal sector engaged in waste management
in our country. This work is original and could be further extended.
Keywords: India, Recycling, Waste Disposal, Waste Management

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Waste management is collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage sewage and other
waste product. Waste management is the process of treating solid wastes and offers variety of
solution for recycling items that don’t belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be used as
a valuable resource.
Waste management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal. This include amongst other things collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses
the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance
on recycling etc.
The term normally relates to all kinds of waste , whether generated during the extraction of
raw materials. The processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products . the
consumption of final products , or other human activities including municipal (residential ,
institutional , commercial). Agricultural and social (health care , household hazardous waste,
sewage sludge) . Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health
the environment or aesthetics.

CHAPTER-2
FARM WASTE
The first goal of any waste management system is to maximize the economic benefit from
the waste resource and maintain acceptable environmental standards. To be practical, the
system must also be affordable and suitable to the operation. If wastes are not properly
handled they can pollute surface and groundwater and contribute to air pollution. Most
people think of manure first when they think of farm waste. While manure is an important
component, farm waste in a livestock operation can also include waste forage, dead stock,
silage effluent and milkhouse waste. In horticultural operations, culls, diseased product, wash
line sediment and processing plant wastes are common by-products
Management that puts into practice the principles of the four Rs of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
and Recover is the best first option:
• Reduce the amount of waste product generated;
• Reuse the waste product on the farm or provide it for others to use; and • After reducing and
reusing as much of the waste product as possible, recycle the product either on-farm, such as
with land application of manure, or off-farm, such as with plastic recycling programs
Fig-1: Manure storage

CHAPTER-3
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.1 Manure Management

The increasing size of farm operations in Prince Edward Island and the expanding residential
land use in rural areas has greatly increased environmental concerns over nuisance odours
and the potential for water pollution. With good manure management practices, proper
storage facilities, and adequate separation distances between non-compatible land uses, most
environmental problems can be avoided. Manure management encompasses manure
collection, storage, transport and land application. The goal of manure management must be
to maximize the soil amending value of manure and minimize the potential for environmental
degradation.
Fig-2: Manure management

Manure Handling and Storage
Livestock manure is classified as either a solid, semi-solid or liquid using the following
criteria:
• Solid: Contains greater than 20% solids. Bedding material contributes to the solids
content of the manure. It can be stacked and handled by any equipment that will move bulk
materials
Fig-3: solid manure

• Semi-solid - (also referred to as slurry) - contains 5% to 20% solids. Semi-solid manure

is produced in livestock housing systems where limited bedding is supplied. The resulting
semisolid does not flow as readily as liquid manure, nor can it be piled like solid manure.
Fig-4: semi solid manure

• Liquid -Contains less than 5% solids. The additional liquid comes from washing and
spillage from watering systems. When agitated, liquid manure can be pumped or moved by
gravity flow. Cow dung wash water and other types of waste water are often added to the
liquid manure. Manure which includes bedding or waste feed will require dilution if it is to
be handled as a liquid.
The moisture content of the manure determines the type of handling and storage system.
Most new cow and dairy operations use liquid systems.
Fig-6: liquid manure

Storage
A manure storage facility which is of sufficient size reduces the chance of pollution from
spills and allows land application to take place when soil is dry, when crops require nutrients,
and when work schedules permit. • Manure storage should be large enough to store manure,
bedding, wasted feed, precipitation and all liquids for at least 210 days. A one year storage
capacity is optimal. • On PEI, the required volume of open manure storages and confinement
yards will have to be increased by 0.6 cubic metres/sq metre (2 cubic feet/ sq ft) of surface
area to allow for precipitation.
• Proper management of all liquids is essential for effective and economical manure handling
and storage. Since all water which comes into contact with manure must be handled as a
waste, the key to efficient management is to minimize that contact. • Surface runoff should
be diverted away from livestock and manure storage areas. • Runoff from solid manure
storage and exercise yards, milking centre washwater, silo seepage and livestock housing
washwater must be stored and properly handled to ensure that groundwater, streams and
other surface waters are not polluted.
OBJECTIVES:
•To make Collection of waste in a City efficient by automating
•To use the Garbage Collection Vehicle(GCV) more effectively and there by save fuel
•To provide Flexible System for the citizens of a City for waste disposal
•To Store Data on waste collected, processed and recycled
•To enable better planning of City Cleaning using the stored data
•To optimize the expenses on resources used in Waste Disposal System,To provide Better
Health to citizens of the City.

CHAPTER-4
CHALLENGES:
1. Pest and Disease Management: Organic farmers face challenges in effectively managing
pests and diseases without the use of synthetic pesticides. Biological control methods, such
as introducing beneficial insects or using botanical extracts, may not always provide
sufficient protection against crop damage. Developing and implementing integrated pest
management (IPM) strategies tailored to organic systems is essential to address these
challenges while maintaining ecological balance.
2. Weed Control and Soil Health: Organic farming relies on mechanical cultivation,
mulching, and cover cropping to control weeds without synthetic herbicides. However, weed
pressure can still pose significant challenges, especially in perennial crops and no-till
systems. Balancing weed management with soil health preservation is critical to prevent soil
erosion, nutrient depletion, and weed encroachment, requiring innovative approaches and
adaptation to local conditions.
3. Limited Access to Organic Inputs: Access to certified organic seeds, fertilizers, and pest
control products can be limited and costly for small-scale farmers transitioning to organic
agriculture. Additionally, organic inputs may not always be locally available, leading to
logistical challenges and dependence on external suppliers. Supporting local and regional
supply chains, promoting on-farm resource recycling, and providing financial incentives for
organic input production can help address these barriers.
4. waste management requires infrastructure: Effective waste management requires

infrastructure and resources for collection, separation, and processing of organic waste
materials. Many regions lack adequate facilities for composting, anaerobic digestion, and
recycling, resulting in inefficient waste disposal practices and environmental pollution.
Investing in waste management infrastructure, promoting decentralized processing solutions,
and raising awareness about the importance of waste reduction can help overcome these
challenges and promote sustainable waste management practices in organic farming systems.

Importantance :
1. It helps to prevent pollution of air, water and soil

2. It reduce the realase of harmful substance into the environment
3. It improve waste disposal can have servere consequence on both the environement
and human health.
Fig-7: Field visit picture

CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, organic farming and waste management epitomize sustainable agriculture's

essence, fostering soil health, biodiversity, and resource efficiency. They offer solutions to
environmental degradation and public health concerns while promoting economic resilience.
Despite challenges in pest management and waste infrastructure, their benefits outweigh
limitations. Organic farming prioritizes natural inputs, producing nutritious food and
enhancing ecosystem resilience. Waste management transforms organic materials into
valuable resources, closing nutrient loops and reducing pollution. Collaborative efforts are
vital to address challenges, promote innovation, and ensure the widespread adoption of
organic practices. Through these endeavors, organic farming and waste management pave the
way for a more sustainable and regenerative agricultural future.

CHAPTER-6
REFERENCE
 https://youtu.be/6vDPiGY0kMo?si=o8JuskUvgt34YfgA
 https://youtu.be/_joj74YWLQY?si=IgaNN8EW2F6kwrHF


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PESCE ,Mandya Page1

CONTENTS : ORGANIC FARMING

2.1 Types of Organic Farming

2.2 Techniques and Purpose of Organic Farming

4.1 Difference of Organic and Inorganic farming

4.2 Importance and Principles of Organic farming

Chapter 5. FIELD VISIT

5.1 Visting Information

5.2.2 Preparation and uses of Jeevamrutham

5.2.3 Benefits of organic farming

Chapter 2. FARM WASTE

Chapter 3. LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

PESCE ,Mandya Page2

Organic farming is an agricultural approach that emphasizes sustainability, biodiversity, and

PESCE ,Mandya Page3

WHAT IS ORGANIC FARMING ?

0rganic farming is the use of agricultural production system reliant on green

OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIC FARMING

Organic farming may be adopted, to……

1. Increase genetic diversity.

2. Promote more usage of natural pesticides.

3. Make sure the right soil cultivation at the right time.

4. Keep and build good soil structure and fertility.

5. Control pasts, diseases and weed

2.1 TYPES OF ORGANIC FARMING :-

1. Pure organic farming:-

2. Integrated organic farming:-

2.2 TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIC FARMING :

• BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL:-

Highly rich in nutrients, it is a recycled organic matter used as a fertilizer in the

It helps to maintain environment health by reducing the level of pollution. It reduces

PESCE ,Mandya Page6

• Mowing or cutting: Where there is a removal of weeds of top growth.

4. Controlling other Organism:-

HISTORY OF ORGANIC FARMING:

Mesopotemia , Hwang Ho Basin etc.

Birhat Sanhita-Methods of choosing manure for crops and manuring.

He was raised on a farm in England and educated at Cambridge university. He served as

4.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC

ORGANIC FARMING INORGANIC FARMING

1. Based on ecological orientation 1. Based on chemical orientation

2. improve soil fertility 2. Deteriorate soil fertility

3. no problem like air, water, 3. Pollution problems are present

4.GMO’s are not allowed 4. GMO’s are used

5. Irrigation requirements are used 5. Intensive irrigation

6.Uses bio fertilizer 6. Uses chemicals fertilizer

7. Improve ecosystem 7. Impact ecosystem

fig-3:Organic farming fig-4: Inorganic farming

4.2 IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING:-

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• It provides healthier food for people.

PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIC FARMING:-

2. The principle of ecological balance:-

Place : Hallikar Niranjan Organic Farm (Kanasu Farm)

Location: The Organic Farm is located at Honnanayakanahalli village, Keregodu Hobli ,

Fig-5: Kanasu Organic Farm

PESCE ,Mandya Page11

5.2.1 VISITING INFORMATION :

This is an incredible story of Niranjan, a farmer in Karnataka’s Mandya District.

5.2.2(a) Prepartion of jeevamrutham:- He prepared Jeevamrutham in drum by

Fig-6(a)(b) :jeevamrutham preparation

PESCE ,Mandya Page12