You are on page 1of 8

www.nipuna.ntnews.

com,
www.facebook.com/ntnipuna

8  2023
 8

Guide to
Excellence

Every Wednesday Free Suppliment


 
 -2

0 2 4
 !
      
 .    , , 
/  .      
 ()-2024
  .

.
     2.50
     
     (),     .
  2.50               ()   
.        . (),     -1 /  
 ()   -2    ,
      ,   
 (/)        
    ...      () 
    /  
    

  ? :      


 75     
       10+2 -20  .
     ,    65  
    .
 2022, 2023      
    -2024 -1 2024,
 2021       24   1  
 2024    .  
         2024,  1- 15 
  

 
 -1 , , 
   
      ()
 
  -  
 (),
  
  90    . 75 
 
 -25, -25,
-25  
   4 .  

  .   : 
       :  30
    . : https://jeemain.nta.ac.in
   . 
,    13   : /,
 . , , 
 , ,
: ,    , , , , 
 

     ()   
02.   13 .      
    ,     
Every Wednesday Free Supplement
8  2023
Guide to Excellence
 .      ,  
  .  8

      ?


1.            4)  - 
   ?   32. 2013     
.  .  2)     .
.  .   .    
1) ,  2) ,  3)     ,    
3) , ,  4) , , ,  4)    
2.         .    
  .....   
1)  2)  24.   . . ,   70 
3)  4)      
3.   ? .   1.  .   80  
.      , .  2.   
   .  3.  1) ,  2) , , 
  .  4.  3) , ,  4) , , , 
.    1) -1, -2, -3, -4 33.   -1894  
      2) -1, -2, -4, -3    ?
,      3) -1, -3, -2, -4 .  . 
    10.      2) 51 , 45  4) -1, -3, -4, -2 . 
.           3) 54 , 42  25.       1)  2) , 
   ? 4) 46 , 50  ? 3) ,  4) , , 
  1)   18.     ? 1) 1984,  3 34.    .
1)  2) ,  2)   .    2004-05  2) 1985,  3 . PESA  
3) ,  4) , ,  3)    2011-12  2.8   3) 1984,  3     1996
4.     4)   .    2004-05 4) 1985,  3 
   ? 11.      2011-12  2.5  26.    ? . PESA 6  
1) 245 2) 246 3) 247 4) 248  ,    .       
5.          ? . 2004-11     .    - . PESA 5  
    1) ,  2) ,       , ‘Risks analysis and the Risks and  
? 3) ,  4) ,  , , ,  Reconstruction model’ 1) , ,  2) , 
.   12.    ? , ,  .     3) ,  4) 
.   .      . 2011-12       35. 1894     
.           1) , ,  2) ,  1967  ?
.        3) ,  4) ,  1)  
1) ,  2) ,  .      1) ,  2) ,  27.     2)   
3) , ,  4) , , ,      3) , ,  4) , , ,   ,  . 3)   
6.       19.  ,     4)  
    1)  2)   . .  1.  
(     3) ,  4)   .    1.    
-)  ? 13.    ? .  2.  .  2.   :     
1)  2)  1)  2)  .  3.  .  3.    2011   
3)  4)   3)  4)  .  4.  1) -1, -2, -3     
7,      14. 15      1) -1, -2, -3, -4 2) -1, -3, -2    , 6 
   (   ( )  2) -1, -3, -2, -4 3) -2, -1, -3 .     
    -      3) -1, -2, -4, -3 4) -2, -3, -1   , .  
)  ?    ? 4) -2, -3, -1, -4 28. 2013         , 10 
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7 1) ,   20.         .  2011   
8.     2) ,  3)    ?   ?     9.1
   ? 4)   .   .   .  ,    .
. ,    15. 15     .   .   .  
    ? 1) , , ,  2) , , ,  .   
.      . -   3) , , ,  4) , , ,  . 
  
 .  - 49 , 21.    1955-90  1) , ,  2) , ,  1-4, 2-2, 3-4, 4-3,
.      - 51   21    3) , , ,  4) ,  5-1, 6-4, 7-3, 8-3,
   .   2021,  1  ? 29.    9-4, 10-3, 11-2, 12-1,
   .  .    ? 13-3, 14-1, 15-3, 16-3,
1) ,  2) ,  1) ,  2) ,  .  .  1) 2002 2) 2003 17-3, 18-4, 19-3, 20-2,
3) ,  4) , ,  3) ,  4) , ,  1) ,  2) ,  3) 2004 4) 2005 21-3, 22-4, 23-2, 24-4,
9. 7     16.    3) ,  4) ,  30.    
       ? 22.  ,   2013,     () 25-1, 26-4, 27-1, 28-2,
 ? 1)      2015   ? 29-2, 30-1, 31-1, 32-4,
. ,  2)   3)   ? 1) 123, 214 2) 122, 214 33-4, 34-1, 35-3.
   4)  1)    3) 123, 215 4) 111, 2014
. ,   17. 2011    15  2)    31.     
       3)           
.      96     4)      ?  ,
  ,    23.       1) -   ,  9866709280
1) ,  2) ,    ?  ? 2) -  
3) ,  4) , ,  1) 50 , 46  1)     3) - 
 
     -2023    20 
.         03.
    .      Every Wednesday Free Supplement 8  2023
Guide to
Excellence ,     .  Ms
 , Mrs     .  8

 ..  ‘ ’  ?


           
,     . 
   25   .        ‘’ 
  .         12   . ..1757  .   
        , , ,       
 .      .  .         
 .     .   ,     .
 ,       .           
.            1757 ,      .
.          .     .    
 ,             .  
.    .   .      . 
    ..4          
 .. 30 .   .   . ,  ,   
   ,        .    
     ..   ,   
         .            
 .                 .
      .          . 
 .       .         . 
 .       . .  50      
  .                   
                 .       . 
.   .      .        .     
 .         .         .
      ‘ ’      .       
   .  ,        .           
      ,           .    
 .    .          .

 .       


    
    .    .       . 
  12    .     , 
 . .. ,   ‘  ,    .
, , , , ,       .  
, , , , , ’  .   ,  ‘’ 
, .         .    
               ,    
 .      .    .      .
  ().  12 ,  12    .  .. .   ()  ‘    
    ,  .              ’   
.               .     .
   12   .          ‘  ( )’    
          .       .  ,  
 . ,   .   .     ,    .
                   ,   
  ‘’    2017,  8 ‘
.   (),  (  ’   
   ‘ ’   / )    .  2017,  23 
.  ,   .       
     ‘’,  (,  .       
      ,   )    ,   1960   
.         .      .     .
           .      
 .                
.          .  . ..  
            .     . ,      
,      .   ‘’   ,    .  
  .       .         
  .   .   ,   ,   ,  ,     . 
           2014,  16  .        
.       .    . ,       
.   ,           ()     
      .               
   .
     . 15 
 .   .
   
   ,  
  ,  
.   
   .
 
   (  )  20   ‘        
04. . 2010 41       20 
   . 2010   
     ’.  
20    .   1996  
Guide to Excellence
 2015     .    .     ‘    -  ’.

  –    37 ,  46  .


        -  l      
       10   ‘ 
  (Minimum Statutory Wage) 
     ’    .
 .   l      
(2019)   ‘’  73.70
       ,  54.35 
 ,  48.87 ,
 ,  ,  11.69  .   
          8.68
   .   
  .       
 .

    l     
  - -  
l         .
      l  5     
 70       60   5   
        .  50 
  .         3 
   ,     l  (  )   .      
.               
l          l      5   (         
           12   , , ,       ,   
. ,  ,  ,       ). ,  ,   
, -  ,  .       l        ,     
, ,         .   ,  36 , .
    .
l       
         70  
70      
 61.6    . 
, -   
   
   6 ( )  
 ,  ,  

l
.    
    .
 ,   
. ..
 70    
4    ,  , 
    
  ,  .
  
 
.     
      
78.6 ,   46.8      5   .   
   .    14   .       . ,    
l      12      6       12 .
     
 .   12  , 
 .     48
1    12  
 .     24
 8  , 14  12 
5  ?    
 ,    
 ?   , 7 70    
 ( ),  
 .   12      2  4   ,      (   ) 
4    8   6  ,    ,     ?   .
  .          
     75     .       )   .   
 145  .       .         .  , 
   .  .    ,   ,     
  
l   , ,       ,     .   .    
, , , , , ,     70         ,    
, ,     
   .  ‘
 1948’   9  10  (
2     .  14
 12     
, ,   
 (,  ,   
     
    ,    .
    ,
 48 )   
50-60    .  
        
 .    
    
    .
8 ?     
    
. 10
   
   
  . 
.          , 
7         ,      
 . 70     ,     .

3
   , 
,    
   , ,
9 ,  ,    
     
  . ‘ ’  
 6 ..

  ,        


           
          ,
.
      
 .
 
       
 16 . 35    
     .  52 ,  42 
 .           05.
8  2023
    .      
    . Every Wednesday Free Supplement
 5       .  8

All India Law Entrance Test 2024


l National Law University Delhi is one of l Information about the content in the
the prestigious law schools in India, and     passage
it is ranked among the top 3 law colleges Inferred questions, assumptions and
in the country as per the NIRF rankings.
    l
conclusions, supporting and opposing
It offers admissions in BA LLB, LLM    statements to context in paragraph
and PhD programs. Admissions for
NLU Delhi happen through the All India
.   l
l
The tone of the passage
Title of the passage
Law Entrance Test (AILET), a national-    l Ailet English section, though it looks
level exam. .    simple it, is sometimes tricky. Students
Here, we will discuss the admission test get confused with options that are close.
l
for the UG program. NLU Delhi offers    Careful reading and elimination of
a BA LLB program with 110 seats in the .   options aid the score. A score of 36-40
merit quota + ( 5 seats each for Foreign
Nationals and OCI/PIO for direct
 .  was considered a good score last year.

admission on merit). Most students    Logical Reasoning


aspiring to top law schools through
CLAT also take this law entrance exam.
 l This section requires students to think
critically and logically. Questions from
There are around 15000 test takers from  . critical reasoning and a few analytical
across India. reasoning are expected. Questions of
legal reasoning and aptitude type can
Important Dates was not heavily passage-oriented, speed and appropriate interpretation can also be asked in this.
l 07 Aug 2023 Application Opened students felt it was a more comfortable score better in the Logical and English Some of the question types can be from
l 13 Nov 2023 Last date for submission exam than reading intense CLAT. sections. Mock exams and practice tests l Syllogisms and deductive reasoning
of applications However, since 2022, the exam has also will also help students. l Statement-based questions like
l 10 Dec 2023 AILET 2024 Examination required much reading. l The second thing that helps students is assumptions, conclusions, course of
Exam information: l Students taking the test should keep a picking the right section and questions. action, assertion reasoning, arguments,
l The 2024 exam duration is 2 hrs, which few pointers in mind regarding their A quick look at the overall paper and cause and effect and others
brings a little relief to students. The test preparation and planning. starting with the less time-consuming l Paragraph-based questions on assum
duration was 1.5 hours earlier, and speed questions will help. Students should ptions, conclusions, inferences, suppo
and accuracy mattered a lot. It is a pen- Be Composed ensure to check the entire paper before rting and weakening arguments
and-paper exam. l AILET paper can surprise you with time is over. l Principles and argument-based
l The pattern for the admission test into interesting questions. The questions will l Sometimes, concepts you are familiar
the UG program BA LLB offered by be mostly familiar to you; however, they English Language with and confident in might appear to be
NLU Delhi changed in 2022. may look like something new. For l English language in AILET has always confusing in the exam. It would be best
Mathematics, which existed in 2021 and instance, when the pattern changed in been interesting. There were questions if you dealt with it with a cool head.
before, was removed from 2022. Also, 2022, English Language and Logical based on Vocabulary, Grammar, and Preparation for the CLAT reasoning
earlier, a separate section for Legal Reasoning questions were asked in Reading comprehension previously. The section may help you to solve these
aptitude existed. But now, Legal different passages, and they appeared questions would look familiar; however, questions, too. 70 questions came from
principles may be used in the Logical like two separate sections. However, in they were asked differently. Matching this section, and a score of 50 + was con
reasoning section. Here, it tests logical 2023, the paper looked different. Here, the following, Error Corrections, Word sidered a good score in 2022. Passages
aptitude, but legal knowledge or the paper was divided into Part 1 and usage, Multiple blanks, etc., question were small in size in 2022. However, in
technical understanding is not required. Part 2. Where Part 1 had questions from types were interesting. Words were 2023, Logical reasoning and a few
l The 2024 current test pattern includes Sections A and B, Part 2 had questions simple and familiar but sometimes had analytical reasoning concept-type que
three sections. from Section C. Basically, each passage fine distinctions. However, in 2022, the stions were asked in the same passage as
Section A: English Language (50 in Part 1 had questions related to both paper was heavily dominated by the passage for English. Students felt it
Questions) English language and Logical Rea passages. A total of 9 passages were was difficult. Around 25+ was consi
Section B: Current Affairs & General soning. Actually, this is good, as stu asked, each with different word counts. dered a good score out of 70 in 2023.
Knowledge (30 Questions) dents had to read fewer passages, and The number of questions per passage
Section C: Logical Reasoning the English language questions were varied, too. General Knowledge
(70 Questions) easy. However, this sudden change loo l The paragraphs were interesting. They l This section takes less time to solve but
l Each question carries 1 mark for a ked difficult to students. So, the most were excerpts from articles, interviews, depends heavily on the student's
correct answer and a negative mark of essential rule in AILET is to be com comparisons of multiple books etc. knowledge. Students who read the
0.25 for an incorrect answer. posed and solve every question you can. Using the regression technique, the newspaper regularly and remember
l If two or more students score the same students are advised to work with those important current affairs can score more
mark, the rank is decided based on the Time Management passages that they feel comfortable with here. Before the exam, ensure you revise
highest score in the logical reasoning l AILET was always like a race against and take less amount of re-reading. In the current year's most important news.
section. If the tie still exists, it is based the clock. On top of this, it has a 2023, the English questions were Revising the monthly news updates will
on age or later through a computerised negative marking. So, it can be quickly relatively easy. It had passages. A lot of boost the score.
draw. Hence, students try to score as concluded that AILET needs speed and vocabulary-based questions were asked.
much as possible in the logical section. accuracy. However, since it was combined with  6 ...
l The exam duration has increased to 2 the Logical reasoning section, only the
How to Score in hours this year, which may comfort cool-minded students benefited.
AILET 2024? students. However, it depends on the Sirisha Reddy
l If a student is preparing for CLAT 2024, number of passages in the paper and the
Some of the questions to expect Director - Academics
then the Conceptual knowledge gained type of questions asked. l The purpose of the passage Abhyaas Edu Technologies
+91 9849733780
and skills mastered will be helpful in l To gain speed, students have to work on l Contextual vocabulary - meanings or Www.Gyanville.in
AILET too. Previously, when AILET their reading skills. The one with great antonyms; phrases and idioms
  
   ()    ‘  
06. ’          21
 .     .   
Guide to Excellence  1982  83     (), 1983  86 Every Wednesday Free Supplement
8  2023
     () .  8

 . 


 . Scholarships
l       Scholarship Name : AICTE Pragati Scholarship for Girls 2023-24
     Description: AICTE Pragati Scholarship for Girls 2023-24 is a
    government scholarship scheme implemented by the All
    India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). The
.     scheme aims to provide financial assistance to
.  ,  meritorious female students from economically weaker
     sections of society to pursue technical education.
    Eligibility: Open for female applicants who have taken
.    admission in full-time first-year diploma or degree
     programs in approved AICTE institutions.
,  . Candidates must have a family income of less than ₹
      8,00,000 per annum.
    Prizes & Rewards: Up to ₹ 50,000 per annum for every year of study
,     Last Date to Apply: 31-12-2023
    Application mode: Online applications only
  .  Short Url: www.b4s.in/namasthe/SSGC4
    
 . Scholarship Name : The Tata Capital Pankh Scholarship
4  ...     l      Programme
.        
      .
Description: An initiative of Tata Capital Limited aimed at
providing financial support to students belonging
. l     to economically weaker sections of the society to
l      3)    - ,   help them fulfil their academic dreams.
         .      , Eligibility: Indian students who are currently studying in Classes
    ,       ,   11, 12 general graduation (B.Com., B.Sc., B.A.,
            . etc.), diploma and polytechnic courses at recognized
. ..      l      institutions are eligible. Applicants must have scored
1)     ,     .   ,  at least 60% marks in the preceding class. The annual
      4)     ,     family income of the applicants from all sources
              must be less than or equal to INR 2.5 lakh.
 .             . Prizes & Rewards: Up to 80% of tuition fees or an amount ranging
       .  l     from INR 10,000 to INR 12,000 (whichever is less)
.         ,   
Last Date to Apply: 15-11-2023
(Employee Stock Ownership   .  ,    
Application mode: Online applications only
Plan)     ,      . ,
Short Url: www.b4s.in/namasthe/TCPS23
  ,     .  ,  
    5)         .
.    ,          
    ,      .
     , ,   l     
 .         ,  
   . ,     
2.      .     .
 ,     . l ‘  , 
,  ,  6.  ,   , .    
     ,   ,   .  Scholarship Name : HDFC Bank Parivartan's ECSS Programme
 . ‘  ,        2023-24
        ’  ,   Description: HDFC Bank invites applications from students
, ,  ,          studying in Class 1 to postgraduation level. The
 ,            , scholarship supports meritorious and needy
            . students belonging to underprivileged sections of
society.
Eligibility: The scholarship is open for Indian nationals only.
The students must be studying in Class 1 to 12,
5  ... you score, the better. At Least in/ballb/exam-details.html diploma, ITI, polytechnic, undergraduate or
l Unlike CLAT, which has 20 + marks should be targeted The paper of AILET is available in postgraduate (including general and professional)
paragraphs, in AILET, it has from this section. the links courses. The applicants must have passed their
one-liner statements. To score l Overall In 2022, students who https://2023.nationallawuniversity previous qualifying examination with at least 55%
high in this section, students scored above 95+ had high delhi.in/documents/last_year_ marks and their annual family income must be less
have to be aware of important chances of securing a seat in question_papers/Master- than or equal to INR 2.5 Lakh. Preference will be
news in the year. A wide range the first allotment. In 2023, Question-Booklet-B.A.LL.B. given to those applicants who are facing personal
of National and International students who scored above (Hons.) or family crises that have occurred during the past
topics were asked previously. 73+ had good chances of three years due to which they are unable to
Questions on Sports, Awards, getting on the first list. So, be AILET AIl India Merit List continue bearing the cost of education and are at
Books, Culture, Science and calm and composed, manage Sno 2022 2023 A.I Rank risk of dropping out.
Technology, Important events, your time correctly and solve 1 107.5 92 1 Prizes & Rewards: Up to INR 75,000
Important days etc can be every single question that you 2 95.75 77 25 Last Date to Apply: 31-12-2023
asked. can solve. 3 92 73.5 50 Application mode: Online applications only
l Solve quickly and answer as Check for exam details 4 89 71.5 75 Short Url: www.b4s.in/namasthe/HDFC44
many as you can. The more https://nationallawuniversitydelhi. 5 86.25 69 100

       ()   

 17 .         .  
     ()      (
07.
Guide to Excellence )   .          Every Wednesday Free Supplement
8  2023
   .       .  8

    


  .
     
  
 .   
   
4   -23
   
  . l   F55  -
 
   l   F37  -
     (55.97 .)
   . l   : -
  151-149 -
 ()    .
l   2022,   9  15 l    
 .    -    
  2023   144-142    (
  ‘2022   ’ )   . 
 .     . 
l  2010        
    .     
   ‘4        
’  2023  22    .
 28  . l    -
l      
 .    
      .  l  KL2-     49.48    
   .     . 2          
l 5        54.96        1)  18 17 20 55
 2026   14  22    .    100   2)  4 4 13 21
 .    
      . 3)  2 3 2 7
      (6.80 .) l   :  40 4)  2 2 2 6
l  -    .   l   T20  400 .  9.92 .   5)  2 1 5 8
l - ,       6) 
  1 1 2 4
l  :  22       7)  0 1 2 3
28  . 8)  0 1 1 2
(7 ) l   - 9)  0 1 0 1
l  -   SL3   10)   0 0 2 2
  l    11)  0 0 1 1
 SU5-   12)  0 0 1 1
l -   l   
(  ) SL4-     29 31 51 111
l  - 44 l    SL3/
l  - 3,100 SL4-  -      
l - 22 l  10.  - 56.60     
l - 501   (249.6 ) .  () ,
l   - 17 l  50m   SH1-    ()  .  .  
l    (247.7 ) 2024      .
 - 313 l    T47- .     l  :  11 1500 . 
l  -    @    .       
 l    T47-     .  .   
l -  ,  l    T64-   l   :  400 .  ,  ,
,   l    T63-     
l  -   l 5000 .-T11-   .
l  -  l 1500 .T11-   ( l      , 2022   107 
()       .  .
      ) l  2010 14 , l , ,  
l -    ( l  1500 . T38-   2014 33, 2018 72    .
,  ,  ) l  1500 . T11-    2023 111  l 24     .
  l    F 54/55/56- . l 33     .
l -   (,   l     l     5
  ) l   F46-      111  .
l  - F64     (16.03 .) .   101  l   11   
   l    F51-    .
l   T64-      8 ..
25    (73.29 .   ( ,       
       ) 1)  214 167 140 521  
). l     VI-B1- 2)  44 46 41 131 
l    F46    3)  42 49 59 150   
   (68.60 .  l    VI-B1-  4)   30 33 40 103 
  ). ,  ,   5)  29 31 51 111 9948750605
 
       16 
08. .          
.  1995   .     
Guide to
 .    ,   
Every Wednesday Free Supplement
8  2023
Excellence
,     .  8

JEE Main 2024, 2025


l
Syllabus Reduced
National Testing Agency Semiconductors are Environmental Chemistry,
(NTA) had reduced the sylla excluded. and Chemistry of S-block,
bus for JEE Main from the l Kepler Laws in Gravitation, Hydrogen, Metallurgy are
current session of January, Potentiometer and few other completely removed. A
2024 and for the future subtopics are removed in decent amount of syllabus is
examinations. Please note Electricity, Magnetism and reduced in P-block elements.
that syllabus changes are Optics. This is huge syllabus which is
slightly vague and also the l Radioactivity is removed in removed so it reduces the
syllabus needs to be prepared Modern Physics. Few burden on Student prepa
for Various other Competitive changes are also made in ration. However weightage of
exams, so as such it's not a Rotational Dynamics, Experi Organic chemistry, Equili
great relief but yes it reduces mental Skills and Units and brium, hermodynamics and multi conceptual questions check the official NTA
lot of current burden of Dimensions. Electro Chemistry would and it's difficult to classify website or the latest
preparation. Here are the key Chemistry increase. certain questions into a information provided by JEE
details of the reduced sylla Deleted Topics: The Chemistry Mathematics particular chapter. So, I Main authorities to confirm
bus as per the Information syllabus saw considerable l In Mathematics, the deleted advise students to prepare the most current syllabus for
Brochure of JEE Main -2024: omissions in Inorganic Chem topics include Mathematical them atleast upto the level of the exam.
Physics istry and Physical Chemistry. Reasoning, Tangents and Intermediate text book.
Deleted Topics: Some topics like Topics like Solid State, States Normals and Some parts of l These reductions aimed to K. Krishna
Carnot Engine and efficiency of Matter, Surface Chemistry Conic Sections. There are simplify the syllabus, reduce chityana
in Heat and Thermody are completely removed from many other changes visible in the burden on students, and Directior
namics, Doppler effect in Physical Chemistry. topics Many Chapters but it may not make the exam more Nano Jr College &
Sound, Communication such as Chemistry in be proper not to prepare those manageable after the IIT Academy
Systems, and Transistors in Everyday Life, Polymers, topics. Mathematics includes COVID-19 pandemic. Please Hyderabad

..         - ()-2023  ..
   ()  
        ()  . .      
()    :    ()-  2023 :       
  .      :    28,    5 .
l :     l /    : https://mat.aima.in l :    
    l  : 
l :  50   :    l    
  .     .   l   : 114
          l : / ( /
   .      )  
      :       l : 28  
 .    ()    l  :  , , 
l : ,   (),    ( ,   ,   
,   )       
  
l :  l    (+)  : 
l :  15 +, +  + :  21
l : https://www.iift.ac.in , +  : https://cochinshipyard.in

7   111 (29 , 31 , 51


).
 . 41  
2,405   . 19
l 12       l 2014   15 , , 341  .
.     2018 8  , 2023 5  
2)     2014  
 (18),    (4). .   . 41
l 2014 3   2023   2,497   
29  . ,    . 23 , 443 
l   , ,      .
, ,     1)  20 20 31 71 3)     2018 
.    12     . 43 
.   ,  4, 2)  7 9 17 33  2,762   .
 1 . 3) / 2 2 3 7 18 , 506  .
l 2018       4)     2022 (23)
    72 (15  29 31 51 111   . 44 
, 24 , 33 ).  3,100   .
l 2023         22 , 501  .
      1)     2010 

You might also like