Conductors Potential function electric dipole Continuity equation Stationary case

))) 1 crx
of 11
+
a
Superposition principle
*
B(r) =
AV if wire not thin
1 E inside conductor
0 a V(r) p F al
2x 5j *. j (/j d
=

>
= .
=
cost 0 or 0
e
. =
.
- . =
=

S e · conductor
r
.
2 O inside charges the surface 4TEor 4Ido2
Pinside
)) k(rx
excess at
=

⑧ a
It da for
conductivity
, .

Ohm's Law L B(r)

-

r
-

q =
E o : =

surface current
12
r
3 V =
V
i at all points inside and on the surface equipotential E =

P (2cosO+sinGE) Resistance
r-2 cost
. , .

r re=r+ cosO
I
4TEr3
Magnetic field of
=

E rectilinear B
I
wire
field
=

Electrical a
=

R V 2
E(r)
oc valid
=

locally
=

r
4 .
=

,
I 6S
.

=> lectrostatics
6 Dielectric between two charged plates Real Magnetic field closed loop B
E
Power emt Power dissipated in R voltage of a

=SoI)s E da ro
in

R22 -22
6
Eo
Epo source : 1

5
.

Excess charges
:

Qu
·
20 -Op op selon l'axe verticale
, ext int
+6 free -6
free TET Eext-[EPO
=
P ISVo =

P RI =
AV &Vo=emf-Ir =
I R .

Law F
1
=

Corlomb's
? charge conductor
=

e
4 Ts.
6 .

Charging by induction : surface charge density P =

I2R =
em+2 R 1
I
H
In the center
B10 , 0 01 ,
=

assai
F (r R)2
6 Eave=2 P En
âte e
+

Force
=

7 on
charges in conductor sheet Op
=
.

with =

pN
a
P load resistance
/ B d = Nolenc
in
Electric field E 1 " 9: QE
H
I
L
Ampère's
=
i G net =G O P optimal when r R Law .

x B =

rof
Op
=
=
=

4 Eri free free

V
M
=
1 92 Capacitance Q
=

(00[C]
=

C V-1
.
=
F

Onet= E. E en
DiffEQ for fictive
.

Continuous charge distributions charge 1 2 3

Two conductors Q and-Q, total
an RC circuit is a Amperian loop in space which fully encircles
line - de
+

charge O
neutra I Ofree
=

E +
P =
D
the current I
. ICHR
1 VcHt) Vo dQ R
E(F)
I Q Vo
+ .

1 (i)
=

2 3 surface
=

da'
+

Field inside the dielectric Valid for steady

=
o Q
92 C =
Q where >0 ↑ I dt currents

at
4 I E
Vc(H
=
.

1
volume & &Y' 2
=

v
0 02 10 ext ext Also holds for superposition of currents
.

a
E Eext Eext
-

(V(1 -e +t)
-

_
P =

Q(H =
T

/ Ed
=

Static form of Maxwell *xE Capacitance of plate capacitor with dielectric Er 1 xe RC

equation 0 a a T
Solenoid B NoI 2
+

0
=

npoI
= =
=

,
ICH
Yet
=

Alateaen
L
=

P EXeE Xe electric susceptibility

ErdA
C= =
:

Er 1 +

Xe 2

d E
=

V(r)=-/E
-

v With vacuum
:

Er= 1 B 1
Potential inside long solenoid
=

Electric
-

a
Dielectric weakens the internal by 1/Er Magnetostatics
.

take 0
E dS
field
c

homogenous
=

Energy U stored after

charging the capacitor with Q= Qtot Gauss's Law with dielectrics 43
Flux of E a measure of "number of field lines"
passing
* surface
Additional force due to steady currents with 2 = 0 .
L

Cylindrical
/d
surface S coordinates often used
through D En
1 C(10)2=
is
Q4o = QD0
1 Edâ
a da W da G =

D free
.

free
. .

// B da
= =

free charge which force acts Garss's Law for magnetostatics

=
= =

= on
2 9 0
:
-

2C
force
=

Magnetic
,
,
.

D E 5 Fi quxB considered
=

S to be
E. signs
=

free charges enclosed

+

kondüktorün içinde !
.

For plate capacitor where

Gauss's Law The flux of an Efield through any closed
a

by Gaussian surface
Work done dW= Fide FM edt 0
Divergence of B B =

0
surface equals bo times the total charge enclosed by on
qby FM
=
=

U ErdolEl As As volume of between plates P ErEoE E 5

To find E No magnetic monopoles
=

>
.
= =
:

the surface
:

.
2 Er Eo z

Cyclotion motion Fin=- qrBor ma

Closed 1

I capacitor with dielectric ·4

=
-

E Energy loop
So(//rencdV
current
E da e in a
No Corlamb Law potential function for I
Renc nor
=
=
=
Ch

Es Curl of I not I/u

stored x/dl
2
always 0
4 r M
.
more a B F xBod
V co energy IB . 0
1C(10)
-

w
=
=
=
=
=
. - = -

Bo F Ch
=

je

3 kinds of for Gauss's Law Boundary conditions between dielectrics F

symmetry : as Er1 3
, r 4

Bo
4
.
1 Spherical 2
Cylindrical .
3 Plane .

Energy density considering a dielectric (plate ( dS ai E1

wi
=

cyclotion frequency y
free
D, at 3 axis
Don't take surfaces where E fields cancel out (cyl ) Application
x

>et spectrometer the

-

vol=ErSolEl
.

But there might

.

U en
:

mass aurora be a
torque :
⑧
,
I ↳
Single charge Charged a wire ,
A
Charged a
plane ,
o
2 ai De I E2 F
For (1) and (3) :
UtllBo => No force

Q
i For (2) and (4) Me Bo => Force
Fac Fiz
Er
-

E
=

=For E
22
:

= =
B
:
=

Polarization of (insulating) (dielectrics)

>
↑
4TE 2 matter V B Pfree *xE Lorentz force law
=>
Fzz F
=

IaBo sadecer'ye dik kelen kisim

0
qE+ qu xB
=

F
. =
= =

q 9 i
=

rxFx
=
laBo
=

Yz ; Y Iliz
- Dien Dan=z en
+
-

Poisson's equation V
-

V Den= Eit=E, et Ect= Ez et

gives given
->
ISBo
dipole blaBo
Y 44 Yz
from
=

moment vector p
= =

to
+
=

-
+
Es
,

Dan-Dan =
ofree Ent =

Ezt MxB E (M .) E
e Torque Ym=ISxB
=

P
=

q Fin current-carrying
=
-

4 g/r)
wire
polarization of matter
on a
Virt= V
Types of
de gives given e
Stationary Currents
Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop (encircled area s)
1 induced dipole moment Fi
I/path along "tx B (x y z) de Me unit vector parallel M
=

V , ,

charge extends to
diverge
the
If c
integral will 2 alignment of permanent dipoles difference to
f 15 Am
en

immiscer B-
M IS I

Potential
=

, en
=
.

length of wire
-~
q with
·

3 shift of (ex NaCl M . =-11 IBIcos &

mass m

For p 0 V 0
Laplace equation
.
ions .

Emag =- -

E
=
= :

o
Conductivity
Straight of length Bo Fi I Lx Bo
5

Dielectric neutral electric insulator that wire in M= ISen=

=
a
be polarized 4 [
.

a Sen
--
s

-
Relation with angular momentum
Boundary Conditions
=

can
I 2I MR2 2m

E field by an
applied E - Biot-Savart Law de
undergoes
.

The a discontinuity when a surface Ut If q<0 and I are antiparallel

GE polarizability
depends , .

â
crossed on
charge by
9
is Un
p
o T
dB(r)
I de
.

et
temperature
=

E
=5 =
&
de
v
â(T)
=

nSqw ICt) Dipolefield far from M

Bd=1 (2coster+sindeg
=

away
=

potential boundary
p
The V is continuous - =

, X
③

across
any .

Field dis
Homogeneous Magnetic field induced by moving charge B NoUxE 12 UxE
/S nardâ=f)
2.
=

a) Ea
=

Work W =

/ Fd .
= -
=
a vir -val I =

,
T(r) da dB(r) =

ExdV
if current

conductor of volume V
distributed in

dCr)
1plElsinO /I de
,
15) 1pxE) Vector potential B * (r)
r
=
= = =
=

Electrostatic force is conservative

density j(r) nq5(i) pe(r)
torque for 8
/pathaling
Maximum Current Al x
.

90°
B(r)
=
= =

Poisson equation for magnetic field VIE ro I

=

The potential difference between and ↓

equal to the work
=
is
-

a
·Dipole
gets aligned with E (when (41 0) =
12
per unit charge required to carry particle from tot
density of moving
charges
a a
the Wire
.

Set the reference point to

infinity to
get
:

W =

QU(r)
in-
 Magnetodynamics RLC circuit
eilk-at) en= (-sing 0 e= (0
et e
0 , 1)

= E E Cylindrique er= cosy ,

Linearly polarized :
cosy siny , o ,
= ,

Wave eq wave ,
,

Imaxe-Ycos(nt
.

di dt iCH iCH=
R 0
Faraday and Henry dependent field BBCt
=

Law Time
+

Sphérique er= (Sincosy sinA siny cosO)

+

Attentation decay of transmitted intensity I(x) Ire

P Eg= /cosOcos4 cosO Y -sinA)
-

sin
y R2L ,
:
= = , , ,

induces a current (or emp) in a closed conductor loop é= - sin cosy 0)

(1) small damping R24L/Cw wo-y2 un propagation path [m]
.

x
= :

2k

sNo
Magnetic flux mCH decisive w

so
=
is
"E I attentation coefficient [7m]
.

(2) oscillation R2>4L/C

:

no w
imaginary C
=

al
Radio stan E(rith= ....; B(t)
m=/area (3) critically damped R2 4L/ 2 Rireflection coefficient (x)
=

B da conservation 1
Energy R+T A :

Magnetic Flux
,
=
=
....

Tm2
+

of loop
e
->
transmission coefficient
=
T S
Id=30dat E
:

Displacement Id E
=

Current wavelength dependent

=
R, T, A
....
* = r
A attenuated intensity
:

Sa
:

Observed P 5 da
EMF in loop EM
=
=>
5) Sr ·
ErrsinadOde = Shar
waves transparent matter
in
A
8 B( <0 :
amf ,
AV>O -BCH <O :
amf ,
AVO ell
A changing electric field induces a
magnetic field .

E(r) = Eo cos /E.-wt Si +

incident linearly polarized wave
2t 2t 1 =
Ar tr
<P> =
2 ardrEs = r =

Yo
.....

* 5 55t) cos(Er-wt S)(x)

indicating 55 fingers indicate path
Vacuum
ro 1 Eo Ideal material without
+

Right-hand rule thumb

= =

x
+

:
:

A f attentation (n >1)
7 =
=

~E
.

Transmission T= 1- R
/d
2

rodo/ E
1

amfind=//path
dielectric
da refractive index
:

vacuum
2 , (w)
E de d Notenc n

Y E=
Induction Law SV=
. =

medium
=

=
m
C k
-

w
.

dt
=
=

2πi =

r
=

Arf =
1 w = C wave

along loop Maxwell's equations for polarizable A N 2π M x

Be i
(iii)
matter
R
T
=

incident reflected except noi

density
Un
= =

StokesTh * F B energy
YxE
e =16EY
Pfree 0 C
= =
. .

=-
Local form direction
Tir -wt)
Ecrit) E ell
,
electrique / magnetique
Ion T Iov
exF 2
=

* xE j
.
=
=

55(vit))
=0 (W2]
= - +

Maxwell
E Pointing rector 5 rit) E (E(r
+1 * By
if
Ir= To eck
x
exists in
Complex refraction If comple
,
=

vacuum . :

amf due sliding bar and P needed to maintain Io (1 R) Iov

-
to cte . n a iK
yyB B
h
r -wt)
FI volFl+M) Ez
kw k
=

B -M *
-

Auxiliary field
n

1 Ert) Eseil
= +
- = =

vector
=

e
=
=

5 UEm
contumnity eq Evelocity
=

vBp F1k F. Fyk

=
.

11
1 (2322
.

I wh
=

↓
e
= = -

Is
= =

! i ·dI
=
=

R At I Ioe a He =

R
Magnetization M
=

ado do
Mi magnetic moment

au au AV stdat=
mi microscopic I = =
= :

on =2>

amf and electrical field aring E de= Eyet

in =
en
A; az x

Singa
Snell
dall-z
Eddy current trake B in the metal tube near the magnet surface
=

E =
121
e
=

n
I dB =
adI =

so dO
increases while falling .
This indices current in the metal which f sabit ! T

AV 1dm dB E es E 12
E = = -
r
produces the counter field *
Osit-arcsin =( )
-

d sind
Ba
.

dBx
= .

dt & Or dBy dBcosic dB

=

dt -
-

2Tr 2Tr 2
Angle sitique
=

. .
en AC circuits Intensity I =
<S =

c < Ven =

cSolt
Reflected intensity
y
V IR
dRV 0 1/ I(td + V
1
=

SH)
= = =
= -

=!
=R (5E)
E E >
momentum
p(t) <(p))
=m

=-
I
X
i en
=

= =

-2
=

C 22

AC Generator with Nwindings m

=

NBAcos(rt) Generalized Ohm's Law =

[(r) ·

I4 arg(z) =

crovided
momentur alan
I
(E)
radiation
amf NBA sin(nt) ~( pressure T =
=
1 - R
=
Voein-arctant
=

Et Freintrit-veintz= El Ap < /pK AcAt

15E
=

T
E
·

for
B conductors R reflectance
=
=

1 4 =
= 1, 100 %

Self-inductance dm A At
L 1 &V L
dE Photon
-
=

Ic icLIc Math Trolbox

=
-
.

m 1 im
=

if reflected
light completely
= =

dt the

Tm2
angyE=hA= Et et en
2 I
L H 4 0 -#2 B
=

#12 =

L
Polar Coordinates
Self-inductance long solenoid Lo Yon2s 1 E
5 5
of a
=

X
.

+
=
=

RLC(AC) Eto+= R+ ilwfL-1wqC wq wo

= =
X =

0
Oscillating dipole moment 8z
with a ferromagnetic core L= Pron2S1
Ae
Power (AC) <P(t) =

1 VoFocosy = arctan(X/R)
It =
Itosin(wtle= Ho q =
. d =

E . d % A =

10Ar) 1 + +

dE-MdIn
.

Mutral inductance MacEnV=-L , r

=

2 e

cal
Noir d .. sinlk
dt i
IE

Sphera +Des inte

MizIz
= =

- Transformer without resistor Ideal transformer

AVe=-L 2 dIz-MdIn p =

te
Miz M21 M
=
=

dt dt P =

E, I
=

EIz
Transformer with NR R2
RL circuit resistor R
=

2
N2
t 0 rsinO 60
4)
=

· .

Vo-Ld
-
RI =

0 I(t) =

%(1
-

e T =

4 at 5 : 0 .

63V W aves
Kondüktörün icinde potansiyel sabit

sin/kkes -vêreg
*
4 Exit= 5 (kx-wt) 3 Wave
s

· j - Ld De 36Y Standing
IR 0 ICH T at ( : 0, =

Tork dik danlari al

sin r'ye
=

için
-
-

I
= =

.
=
.

Line charge circular & ce

dq Ad AR de
Eo(sin(ky) co5(wt)]
=
: =

E
=

2=
Umag=1 LI2P dIw 2 fil tendu
Power stored inductance
1
.

Energy LT ku
=

in -
pow Silindirik o ce : dq=ordidy (xL)
=
= =
=
- =

dt X B = -
2x
(cs(ky) sin(wt)] ·

if(x) 1 =
(1 x)"
+
=
1 +

nx
LC Circuit 1

=
Tre
Nodes and Volume of sphere
ki=I
:

+ Yc
c 1 , 2 ....
diCH il 0 W i =

SVc+V 0
Wavelengths
=

Surface
=

of sphere 4Tr
=

L L area
dt
:

Type1 310) 0 312) 0 Electric potential EP=qVIr) Kinetic

energy El Ema
25 energy
=
: = : =

Fo
Qmax
:

&QH) Qmaxsin(wot)
,

i(t) Iocos(wot)
=

Volume of cylinder Trch

=

(kix)
=

E(x t) (24fit)

......
wo ,
=

sin . Co
:

2ir Garss'da genellikle

10 a
3) X
Type 2 :
Surface cylinder Zirh + yok
QMaxsin(wot) UnCH
aren

Qmx cos2(Wot) Uof Ox

, :

UCCH=
=

2
bL -
L
spherical :
dV= rsinA drdAdy Oc[O, 5] ye 20, 25]
E(x t) cos(kix) cos(2π fit) L
en L -
=

, .