Professional Documents
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Patho PYQ
Patho PYQ
luni
tofheal
th
● Di
agr
am ofcel
lcy
cle
● Cel
lcy
cleandnamesoft
hreegr
owt
hfact
ors(
prof
f5mk)
2)Cel
linj
ury
,cel
ldeat
handadapt
ati
ons
● (
4x)
Dif
fer
encebet
weenapopt
osi
sandnecr
osi
s(sem 4mkand
pr
ofs5mk)
● Di
ff
erencebet
weenmet
ast
ati
canddy
str
ophi
c
cal
ci
fi
cat
ion(
sem 4mk)
● I
ntr
insi
cpat
hwayofapopt
osi
s(sem 4mk)
● (
2x)
Diagr
am ofext
ri
nsi
cpat
hwayofapopt
osi
s(sem 3mk)
● Apopt
osi
s(12mk)
:def
inat
ion,
mor
phol
ogi
cal
and
bi
ochemi
cal
changes
● Coagul
ati
venecr
osi
s(pr
off4mk)
● Tel
omer
e(pr
off4mk)
● Endogenouspi
gment
s(pr
off5mk)
● Dy
str
ophi
ccal
cif
icat
ionwi
thexampl
es(
prof
f5mk)
● Met
apl
asi
awi
thaf
ewexampl
es(
prof
f5mk)
3)I
nfl
ammat
ion
● (
5x)
Granul
omadi
agr
am(
sem 4mks)
● Gr
anul
omadi
agr
am(
sem 2mk)
● Gr
anul
omasn(
prof
f4mk)
● (
2x)
Dif
fbwheal
i
ngbypr
imar
yandsecondar
yint
ent
ion(
sem 4mk;
pr
ofs4mk)
● (
2x)
Fact
orsaf
fect
ionwoundheal
i
ng(
prof
f4mk)
● Cel
l
ularev
ent
sinacut
einf
lammat
ion(
prof
f4mk)
● Out
comesofacut
einf
lammat
ion(
prof
f4mk)
● Pr
ost
agl
andi
ns(
prof
f5mk)
4)Hemody
nami
cdi
sor
der
s
● Di
ffbet
weent
hrombosi
sandembol
i
sm(
sem 4mk)
● Di
ffbwr
edandwhi
tei
nfar
ct(
sem 4mk)
● Shock(
prof
f12mk)
:def
ine,
types,
eti
opat
hogeni
sisandmor
phol
ogi
cal
changesofsept
icshock
● Di
agr
am ofv
irchow’
str
iad(
sem 3mk)
● Di
ffbwt
ransduat
eandexudat
e(5mk)
● (
2x)
Edema(
prof
f5mkandsem 7mk)
● Di
agr
am ofcoagul
ati
oncascade(
sem 4mk)
● (
2x)
Fat
eoft
hrombus(
sem 5mkandpr
ofs4mk)
● Fatembol
i
sm(
prof
f5mk)
:di
agnosi
s,pat
hogenesi
s,t
woabnor
mal
i
tiesi
n
hemat
ologi
cal
findi
ngs
● Embol
i
sm(
prof
f4mk)
● Di
agr
am ofcoagul
ati
oncascade(
sem 4mk)
5)Genet
icdi
seases
● (
4x)
Down’
ssy
ndr
ome(
sem 4mk;
prof
f4mk)
● Down’
ssy
ndr
ome(
prof
f5mk):
reasonst
osupppor
tsdi
agnosi
s,pat
hogenesi
s
● Pat
ausy
ndr
ome(
prof
f4mk)
6)Di
seasesofi
mmunesy
stem
● (
2x)
Stai
ningpr
oper
ti
esofamy
loi
dosi
s(sem 4mk)
● Amy
loi
dosi
s(sem 7mk)
:cl
assi
fi
cat
ion,
secondar
yamy
loi
dosi
s,
speci
alst
ains
● Amy
loi
dosi
scl
assi
fi
cat
ionandcompl
i
cat
ions(
sem 10mk)
● Amy
loi
dosi
s(pr
off5mk)
:cl
assi
fi
cat
ion,
pat
hogenesi
s
● (
2x)
AIDS:
CDCcl
assi
fi
cat
ion,
4oppor
tuni
sti
cinf
ect
ions(
Sem3mk
7mk)
● (
2x)
AIDSoppor
tuni
sti
cinf
ect
ions(
prof
f4mk)
● SLE(
sem 7mk)
:di
agnosi
s
● Ty
pe1hy
per
sensi
ti
vi
ty(
prof
f4mk)
● Ty
pe4hy
per
sensi
ti
vi
ty(
prof
f4mk)
● Gr
aftv
shostdi
sease(
sem 6mk)
7)Neopl
asi
a
● Neopl
asi
a(sem 8mk)
:def
inat
ion,
over
viewofcar
cinogenesi
s
● Neopl
asi
a(pr
off11mk)
:def
inat
ion,
dif
fer
encesbet
weenbeni
gnand
mal
i
gnant
,par
aneopl
ast
icsy
ndr
omes
● Di
ff
erencebet
weenbeni
gnandmal
i
gnantt
umour
(sem 4mk)
● (
2x)
P53asmol
ecul
arpol
i
ceman(
sem 4mk;
prof
f5mk)
● (
2x)
Endocr
inopat
hiesi
npar
aneopl
ast
icsy
ndr
ome(
sem 4mk;
pr
off5mk)
● (
2x)
Par
aneopl
ast
icsy
ndr
omes(pr
off5mkand9mk)
● (
2x)
Vir
aloncogenesi
s(pr
off6mkandsem 4mk)
● Oncogeni
cvi
ruses(
sem 4mk)
● Oncogeni
cDNAv
iruseswi
thexampl
es(
prof
f5mk)
● (
3x)
Gradi
ngandst
agi
ngoft
umour
s(pr
off5mk
andsem 6mk)
● Tumormar
ker
s(pr
off4mk)
● (
2x)
HPVi
ncer
vical
cancer
(pr
off4mk)
● (
3x)
Phi
l
edel
phi
achr
omosome(
prof
f4mk,
sem 4mk)
● Di
ffbwmet
apl
asi
aanddy
spl
asi
a(pr
off5mk)
● Knudsonhy
pot
hesi
s(pr
off4mk)
8)I
nfect
iousdi
seases
● Labor
ator
ydi
agnosi
sofsy
phi
l
is(
sem 4mk)
● Labdi
agnosi
sofpul
monar
yTB(
prof
f5mk)
● (
2x)
Dif
fbwl
epr
omat
ousandt
uber
cul
oidl
epr
osy
(pr
off4mkand
5mk)
● Tubur
cul
osi
s(8mk)
:pat
hogenesi
s,mor
phol
ogy
,compl
i
cat
ions
ofpr
imar
ytb
● Tuber
cul
osi
s(pr
off12mk)
:di
agnosi
s(2mk)
,tr
ansmi
ssi
on(
1mk)
,
pat
hogenesi
sindi
agr
am(
3mk)
,gr
ossandmi
croscopi
c
change(
3mk)
,twohemat
ologi
cal
test
swhi
chwi
l
lbe
abnor
mal
(2mk)
,twoot
hert
est
s(1mk)
● Fat
eofpr
imar
yTB(
sem 4mk)
● Labdi
agnosi
sofHSV2(
sem 6mk)
● Lepr
osy
(sem 7mk)
:di
agnosi
s,cl
assi
fi
cat
ion
11)Bl
oodv
essel
s
● (
2x)
Ather
omat
ouspl
aquedi
agr
am(
sem 4mk)
● At
her
omadi
agr
am(
sem 2mk)
● At
her
oscl
erosi
s(pr
off7mk)
:pat
hogenesi
s,mor
phol
ogy
,compl
i
cat
ions
● At
her
oscl
erosi
s:compl
i
cat
ions(
Prof
f5mk)
● Vascul
archangesi
nat
her
oscl
erosi
s(pr
off4mk)
12)Thehear
t
● (
3x)
Evol
uti
onofmi
croscopi
cchangesi
nMIdi
agr
am(
sem 4mk)
● Di
agr
am of4t
ypesofv
eget
ati
veendocar
dit
is(
sem 3mk)
● I
HDsy
ndr
omesenumer
ateandt
abul
atet
empor
alev
olut
ionofmi
croscopi
c
changesi
nacut
eMI
● MI
(pr
off11mk)
:pat
hogenesi
s,t
empor
alev
olut
ionofmor
phol
ogi
cchanges,
compl
i
cat
ions
● 4maj
ort
ypesofv
eget
ati
veendocar
dit
is(
prof
f4mk)
● Di
ffbwv
eget
ati
onofRHDandi
nfect
iveendocar
dit
is(
sem 4mk)
● MI
(sem 7mk)
:pr
edi
sposi
ngf
act
ors,
chr
onol
ogyofmor
phol
ogi
cal
changes
13)WBCdi
sor
der
s
Peri
pher
albl
oodpi
ctur
eofacut
epr
omy
elocy
ticl
eukemi
a(sem 4mk)
Di
agr
am ofper
ipher
albl
oodsmeari
nCML(
sem 4mk)
Peri
pher
albl
oodf
indi
ngsi
nCLL(
sem 6mk)
Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofacut
emy
eloi
dleukemi
a(sem 5mk)
WHOcl
assi
fi
cat
ionofHodgki
n’
sly
mphoma(
sem 4mk)
Cl
assi
cal
hodgki
n’
sly
mphoma(
sem 5mk)
(2x)RScel
l
sandt
hei
rvar
ient
s(sem 6mk,
prof
f4mk)
RScel
l
(sem 4mk)
Di
ff
erencebet
weenhodgki
n’
sandnon-
hodgki
n’
sly
mphoma(
prof
f4mk)
Di
ff
erencebet
weenLeukemoi
dreact
ionsandl
eukemi
a(sem 4mk)
BM fi
ndi
ngsi
nmul
ti
plemy
eloma(
prof
f5mk)
Labdi
agnosi
sofmul
ti
plemy
eloma(
prof
f5mk)
14)RBCandbl
eedi
ngdi
sor
der
s
● (
5x)
Per
ipher
albl
oodpi
ctur
eofmegal
obl
asi
canaemi
adi
agr
am(
sem 4mk)
● Bombaybl
oodgr
oup(
sem 4mk)
● Di
agr
am ofper
ipher
alsmearf
indi
ngsi
nthal
assemi
amaj
or(
sem 2mk)
● Labdi
agnosi
sof2y
eol
dmal
echi
l
dwi
thhemar
thr
osi
sandl
argeecchy
mosi
s
andposi
ti
vef
ami
l
yhi
stor
y(sem 7mk)
● Bombaybl
oodgr
oup(
sem 4mk)
● Rhf
act
or(
prof
f4mk)
● (
3x)
Rhi
ncompat
ibi
l
ity
(sem 4mk)
:er
ythr
obl
ast
osi
sfeot
ali
s
● (
2x)
DIC(
sem 5mk)
● (
2x)
Eti
opat
hogeni
sisofDI
C(sem 6mk)
● (
2x)
Transf
usi
onr
eact
ions(
prof
f5mk,
sem 5mk)
● (
2x)
Transf
usi
ont
ransmi
tt
edi
nfect
ions(
prof
f5mk)
● Enumer
ate5TTIf
orwhi
chbl
oodi
sscr
eened(
sem 5mk)
● Sel
ect
ioncr
it
eri
aforbl
ooddonor
s(pr
off4mk)
● I
DA:
diagnosi
s(1mk)
,per
ipher
alsmearf
indi
ngs(
2mk)
,2bi
ochemi
cal
test
sto
cnf
m(1mk)
● Pat
hogenesi
sofI
DA(
prof
f5mk)
● I
DA(
prof
f5mk)
:di
agnosi
s,i
nvest
igat
ions,
pat
hogenesi
s
● I
DA(
prof
f6mk)
:causes,
hemat
ologi
cal
findi
ngs,
cli
nical
present
ati
on
● Megal
obl
ast
icanaemi
a(sem 7mk)
:di
agnosi
s,i
nvest
igat
ions
● Bonemar
rowf
indi
ngsi
nmegal
obl
ast
icanaemi
a(sem 4mk)
● Anemi
a(pr
off
):def
ine(
2mk)
,cl
assi
fyhemol
yti
canemi
a(2mk)
,labor
ator
y
di
agnosi
sofbet
athal
assemi
amaj
or(
5mk)
,di
agr
am per
ipher
alsmearf
indi
ngs
i
nsame(
3mk)
● Coomb’
stest
(pr
off4mk)
● Bet
athal
asemmi
a(pr
off5mk)
:di
agnosi
s,l
abi
nvest
igat
ions,
pat
hogenesi
s
● Labdi
agnosi
sinpancy
topeni
a(sem 7mk)
● Di
agr
am ofr
egul
ati
onofi
ronabsor
pti
on(
sem 4mk)
● I
diopat
hict
hrombocy
topeni
cpur
pur
a(pr
off5mk)
15)Thel
ung
● Ty
pesofemphy
sema(
sem 4mk)
● Pr
e-neopl
ast
icl
esi
onsf
orl
ungt
umour
s(sem 5mk)
● Di
agnost
icI
HCmar
ker
sin35y
rol
dlady
,asi
annonsmokerwi
thl
ung
cancer
(sem 5mk)
● 38y
rasi
anf
emal
ewhoi
snon-
smokerdev
elopedmassi
nlung.Di
agnosi
s,one
pr
ecur
sorl
esi
on,
2mut
ati
onsi
mpl
i
cat
ed(
prof
f5mk)
● I
HCmar
ker
sincar
cinomal
ung(
prof
f4mk)
● Lungcar
cinoma(
prof
f5mk)
:di
agnosi
s,pat
hogenesi
s,r
iskf
act
ors,
gross
mi
croscopi
candhi
stopat
hol
ogi
cal
types
● Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofl
ungt
umour
s,I
HCmar
ker
sofl
ungcar
cinoma,
par
aneopl
ast
icsy
ndr
omesassoci
atedwi
thl
ungt
umour
s(sem 8mk)
● Panaci
naremphy
sema(
sem 5mk)
● Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofpneumoni
a(sem 4mk)
● Di
agr
am ofsquamouscel
lcar
cinomaofl
ung(
sem 4mk)
16)Headandneck
● (
2x)
Eti
ologi
cri
skf
act
orsi
nor
alsquamouscel
lcar
cinoma(
sem 5mk,
6mk)
● (
2x)
33y
rol
dman,
H/Osmoki
ng,
ulceronl
atbor
deroft
ongue(
ir
regul
ar,
3cm
andi
ndur
atedbor
der
s),
lev
el4l
ymphnodes:
diagnosi
s(1mk)
,pr
e-neopl
ast
ic
condi
ti
onsassoci
ated(
3mk)
,tumourst
agi
ngandgr
adi
ng(
4mk)
,cl
i
nical
and
hi
stol
ogi
cpr
ogr
essi
onoft
hesel
esi
ons(
3mk)
● Cl
assi
fysal
i
var
ygl
andt
umour
s(pr
off4mk)
● Leukopl
aki
a(pr
off4mk)
17)Thegast
roi
ntest
inal
tract
● (
3x)
Diagr
am ofgast
ri
cul
cer
(sem 4mk)
● (
2x)
Diagr
am ofcompar
isonoft
uber
cul
arandt
yphoi
dul
ceri
nint
est
ine(
sem
4mk)
● Di
ffbwH.
pyl
ori
associ
atedandaut
oimmunegast
ri
ti
s
● (
4x)
Dif
fbwul
cer
ati
vecol
i
tisandcr
ohn’
sdi
sease(
sem 5mk,
4mk)
● Mi
croscopi
cfeat
uresofcr
ohn’
sdi
sease(
prof
f4mk)
● Cr
ohn’
sdi
sease(
sem 6mk)
● Li
nit
ispl
ast
ica(
sem 6mk)
● Bi
opsyf
indi
ngsofcoel
i
acdi
sease(
sem 6mk)
● (
2x)
Vir
ulencef
act
orsofH.
pyl
ori
(pr
off4mk)
● Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofchr
oni
cgast
ri
ti
s,v
irul
encef
act
orsofH.
pyl
ori
(sem 6mk)
18)Li
verandgal
lbl
adder
(
2x)
Sequenceofser
ologi
cal
mar
ker
sforHepBhepat
it
is(
sem 5mk,
prof
f4mk)
Di
agr
am oft
empor
alchangesi
nser
ologi
cal
mar
ker
sinacut
eHepBi
nfect
ion
wi
thr
esol
uti
on(
sem 4mk)
Di
agr
am ofser
ologi
cal
mar
ker
sinHepBpr
ogr
essi
vechr
oni
cinf
ect
ion(
sem
4mk)
Di
agr
am ofhepat
it
isBv
iral
str
uct
ure(
sem 4mk)
Et
iopat
hogenesi
sofv
iral
hepat
it
isandt
empor
alchangesi
nser
ologi
cmar
ker
s
i
nHepBi
nfect
ion(
sem 7mk)
Rol
eofv
irusesi
nhepat
ocel
l
ularcar
cinoma(
sem 6mk)
Al
cohol
i
cli
verdi
sease(
prof
f4mk)
Ty
pesofgal
l
stones(
sem 5mk)
Nor
mal
bil
i
rubi
nmet
abol
i
sm(
sem 4mk)
Ur
inef
indi
ngsi
nobst
ruct
ivej
aundi
ce(
sem 5mk)
20)Theki
dney
(2x)Di
agr
am oful
tr
ast
ruct
ureofgl
omer
ulus(
sem 4mk)
Di
agr
am ofcl
earcel
lcar
cinomaki
dney
(sem 4mk)
Di
agr
am ofschemat
icEM pi
ctur
eofgl
omer
ulus(
sem 4mk)
Di
ff
erencebet
weenacut
enephr
it
icsy
ndr
omeandnephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome(
sem
4mk)
Heredi
tor
ysy
ndr
omesassoci
atedwi
thr
enal
cel
lcar
cinoma(
sem 5mk)
Cl
assi
fyr
enal
cel
ltumor
s.Ment
ionher
edi
tor
ysy
ndr
omesassoci
atedwi
th
r
enal
cel
lcar
cinoma.Wr
it
einbr
iefaboutr
enal
cel
lcar
cinoma(
sem 7mk)
Cl
i
nical
mani
fest
ati
onsofnephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome(
prof
f4mk)
Li
stf
eat
uresandennumer
atecausesofnephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome.
Et
iopat
hogenesi
sandmor
phol
ogyofmi
nimal
changedi
sease(
prof
f11mk)
Defi
nenephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome.Et
iopat
hogenesi
sofandel
abor
ateon
membr
anopr
oli
fer
ati
vegl
omer
ulonephr
it
is(
prof
f12mk)
Defi
nenephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome.Mor
phol
ogi
cfeat
uresi
nki
dneyi
ndi
abet
ic
nephr
opat
hy(
sem 7mk)
Nephri
ti
csy
ndr
ome(
prof
fPr
off5mk)
:di
agnosi
s,l
abf
indi
ngsi
nur
ine
exami
nat
ion,
diagnost
iccr
it
eri
a
(2x)Enumeratei
mmunemechani
smsofgl
omer
ulari
njur
yanddr
awdi
agr
am
ofl
ocal
i
sat
ionofi
mmunecompl
exesi
ngl
omer
ulus(
sem 7mk)
(2x)Uri
nar
ycast
s(sem 4mk)
21)Thel
owerur
inar
ytr
actandmal
egeni
tal
syst
em
Di
agr
am ofmi
croscopi
cpi
ctur
eofsemi
noma(
sem 4mk)
Speci
alst
ainsandI
HCi
ncl
assi
cal
semi
noma(
prof
f4mk)
Semi
noma(
prof
f4mk)
Dysgermi
noma(
prof
f4mk)
Beni
gnpr
ost
ati
chy
per
plasi
a(pr
off4mk)
Enumerat
eri
skf
act
orsf
ordev
elopmentofcar
cinomaofpr
ost
ate(
sem 5mk)
Bri
efout
li
nei
nvest
igat
ionsf
ormal
einf
ert
il
it
y(sem 4mk)
22)Thef
emal
egeni
talt
ract
Cl
assi
fyov
ari
ant
umor
sindet
ail
.Pat
hogenesi
sofser
ousov
ari
ant
umor
s(sem
7mk)
(2x)HPVi
ncer
vical
cancer
(pr
off4mk)
23)Thebr
east
Pat
hol
ogi
cal
inv
est
igat
ionsofbr
eastCa(
sem 4mk)
Br
eastCa(
sem 7mk)
:gr
adi
ngsy
stem,
otheri
nvest
igat
ions,
prognost
icf
act
ors
Br
easetCa(
sem 7mk)
:di
agnosi
s,l
abor
ator
ytest
stoconf
ir
m,t
hree
est
abl
i
shedbi
omar
ker
sfort
hecondi
ti
onwi
tht
hei
rlocal
i
sat
ion
Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofbr
eastt
umor
sandpr
ognost
icf
acot
rs(
sem 7mk)
Br
eastCa(
prof
f12mk)
:di
agnosi
s,pat
hogenesi
s,r
iskf
act
ors,
prognost
ic
f
act
ors
Br
eastCa(
prof
f12mk)
:di
agnosi
sandr
easons,
classi
fi
cat
ion,
riskf
act
orsand
pat
hogenesi
s,gr
ossandmi
croscopi
cfeat
ures,
predi
cti
vef
act
orsi
ntr
eat
ment
2cm f
ir
m mobi
l
elumpi
nbr
east
.2i
nvest
igat
ionswhi
chwi
l
ldef
ini
tel
ydi
agnose.
Dr
awdi
agr
am f
orsame(
prof
f5mk)
Br
eastCa(
sem 4mk)
:pat
hol
ogi
cal
inv
est
igat
ionsf
oest
abl
i
shdi
agnosi
s
Pr
ognost
icf
act
orsi
nbr
eastCa(
prof
f5mk)
24)Theendocr
inesy
stem
● DM(
sem 7mk)
:Hb1ac,
micr
ovascul
arcompl
i
cat
ions
● DM(
sem 7mk)
:WHOcr
it
eri
a,pat
hogenesi
soft
ype2
● Ur
inef
indi
ngsi
ndi
abt
eti
cket
oaci
dosi
s(pr
off4mk)
● Di
abet
icmacr
ovascul
ardi
sease(
prof
f4mkand5mk)
● Di
abet
icnephr
opat
hy(
prof
f4mk)
● Mi
crov
ascul
archangesi
nDM(
sem 5mk)
● Macr
ovascul
arcompl
i
cat
ionsofDM(
prof
f5mk)
● Nucl
earf
eat
uresi
npapi
l
lar
yCat
hyr
oid(
prof
f4mk)
● (
2x)
Micr
oscopi
cfeat
uresi
npapi
l
lar
yCat
hyr
oid(
sem 4mk,
prof
f4mk)
● Hi
stopat
hol
ogi
cal
feat
uresofpapi
l
lar
yCat
hyr
oid(
prof
f4mk)
● Hashi
mot
othy
roi
dit
is(
prof
f4mk)
25)Theski
n
Basalcel
lcar
cinoma(
prof
f4mk)
26)Bone,
joi
ntsandsof
tti
ssuet
umor
s
Osteocl
ast
oma(
sem 5mk,
prof
f4mk)
Gi
antcel
ltumorofbonewi
thdi
agr
am(
sem 4mk)
28)Thecent
ralner
voussy
stem
(2xMeni
ngi
oma(
sem 5mk,
prof
f4mk)
)
Meni
ngi
ti
s(pr
off10mk)
:di
agnosi
s,commoncausat
iveor
gani
sms,
two
bi
ochemi
cal
test
stoconf
ir
m di
agnosi
s
CSFfi
ndi
ngsi
ntuber
cul
armeni
ngi
ti
s(sem 4mk)
(3x)CSFexami
nat
ioni
npy
ogeni
cmeni
ngi
ti
s(sem 4mk,
prof
f4mk)
Somewher
e
Lei
omy
omav
slei
omy
osar
coma(
sem 5mk)
(2x)Freeradi
cal
s(sem 4mk)
I
ndi
cat
ionsofbonemar
rowi
nvest
igat
ion(
sem 4mk)
ESR(proff4mk)