St

udysessi
on6:Sy
stemsI
nter
act
ions
Ther
eis an est
abl
i
shed r
elat
ionshi
p bet
ween ourment
ali
nst
it
uti
ons wher
ebypsy
chi
atr
ic
pat
ient
srecei
vecar
eandt
hepr
isonwhi
chi
sref
err
edt
oascor
rect
ional
syst
em,

I
nthi
sst
udysessi
on,wear
egoi
ngt
ost
udysuchi
nter
act
ionst
hatexi
stbet
weent
het
wo
sy
stems.

6.
1Lear
ningOut
comes
Wheny
ouhav
ecompl
etedt
hisst
udysessi
on,
youshoul
dbeabl
eto

6.
1 Under
standt
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
hef
orensi
cpsy
chi
atr
yandsy
stem i
nter
act
ion.

6.
2Expl
ainhowment
all
yof
fendedv
ict
imsar
eDi
ver
ted

6.
1For
ensi
cPsy
chi
atr
ist
sandt
hesy
stemsi
nter
act
ion

Thedoubl
erev
olv
ingdoorphenomenonwher
ebyment
alpat
ient
sci
rcul
atebet
weenment
al
i
nst
it
uti
onsandpr
isonshasmadef
orensi
cpsy
chi
atr
ist
sdeepl
yawar
eoft
hei
nter
act
ionsi
nthe
ment
alheal
thsy
stem andt
hel
i
nksbet
weent
hissy
stem andt
hej
ust
iceandcor
rect
ional
sy
stems.

Byv
irt
ueoft
hei
rinv
olv
ementi
nlegalmat
ter
sfor
ensi
cpsy
chi
atr
ist
shav
edev
elopedamaj
or
i
nter
esti
nthedr
aft
ingandt
heappl
i
cat
ionofment
alheal
thl
egi
slat
ion,especi
all
yont
hei
ssues
ofi
nvol
unt
arycommi
tmentt
hati
nmanycount
ri
esi
sbasedondet
ermi
nat
ionofdanger
ousness
(
appl
i
cat
ionofpol
i
cepower
)asopposedt
ojustaneedf
ort
reat
ment(
par
enspat
ri
ae)concept
s.
I
naddi
ti
on,f
orensi
cpsy
chi
atr
ist
sar
easkedf
orexper
ti
sei
nthemanagementofment
all
yil
l
of
fender
sandassessmentofl
egal
prot
ect
ionsf
ori
ncompet
entper
sons.

Gi
vent
hatonemaj
orar
eaoft
hei
rex
per
ti
sei
stheassessmentofv
iol
enceandt
hepossi
bil
i
tyof
f
utur
evi
olentbehav
iourt
hrought
heev
aluat
ionofdanger
ousnessv
iar
iskassessmentandr
isk
managementmet
hodol
ogi
es,f
orensi
cpsy
chi
atr
ist
sar
eusual
l
ycal
l
edupont
omakedeci
sions
onr
iskposedbyv
iol
entci
vi
ll
ycommi
tt
edpat
ient
s.I
ssuesofcoer
cionandpr
otect
ionofhuman
r
ight
soft
hement
all
yil
lar
eof
tenmaj
orconsi
der
ati
onst
otakei
ntoaccountdur
ingt
hese
ev
aluat
ions(
Arbol
eda-
Flór
ez,
2008)
.

Pr
otect
ionofhumanr
ight
sandt
heaccept
ancet
hatdepr
ivat
ionofl
i
ber
tyshoul
dbeonl
ya
mat
terofl
astr
ecour
sehasl
edsomej
uri
sdi
cti
onst
oimpl
ementspeci
all
awsf
orout
pat
ient
commi
tment
.Theser
egul
ati
onsenj
oint
hepat
ientt
oacceptandcompl
ywi
thspeci
alcondi
ti
ons
i
nor
dert
oremai
nfr
ee,
suchasaccept
ingt
reat
menti
nthecommuni
ty.

Ther
eisacl
osei
nter
act
ionbet
weenl
egi
slat
ionandt
hedev
elopmentofadequat
ement
alheal
th
sy
stems,andt
hedel
i
ver
yofcar
ewhet
heri
ninst
it
uti
onsori
nthecommuni
ty.Ment
alheal
th
l
egi
slat
ion wi
th ov
erl
yrest
ri
cti
ve commi
tmentcl
auses ev
en f
orshor
t-
ter
m commi
tment
,
dei
nst
it
uti
onal
i
zat
ionr
esul
ti
ngf
rom t
hecl
osur
eofol
dment
alhospi
tal
s,changesi
nheal
thcar
e
del
i
ver
ysy
stems t
owar
ds shor
tadmi
ssi
ons t
o gener
alpsy
chi
atr
ic uni
ts and subsequent
t
reat
menti
nthecommuni
ty,andt
hel
argenumberofment
alpat
ient
sthatendupi
njai
l
shav
e
cr
eat
edi
nmanycount
ri
esasenset
hatt
hement
alheal
thsy
stem i
sadr
if
t.

Thegr
owt
hofFor
ensi
cPsy
chi
atr
ymaybeduet
ochangesi
nthel
aw andt
oamor
eli
ber
al
accept
anceofpsy
chi
atr
icexpl
anat
ionsofbehav
iour
,butamor
eimmedi
ater
easonmaybet
he
l
argenumberofment
alpat
ient
sinf
orensi
cfaci
l
iti
es,j
ail
s,pr
isons,andpeni
tent
iar
ies.Fai
l
ures
oft
hegener
alment
alheal
thsy
stem may
,ther
efor
e,beatt
her
ootoft
hegr
owi
ngi
mpor
tanceof
For
ensi
cPsy
chi
atr
y.

I
nTextQuest
ion

Whatar
ether
easonst
hataccountf
ort
hegr
owt
hoff
orensi
cpsychi
atr
y?

I
nTextAnswer

Reasonsar
echangesi
nlawandaccept
anceofpsychi
atr
icexpl
anat
ionofbehavi
our

6.
2Di
ver
sionofment
all
ydi
sor
der
edof
fender
s
Theneedf orfor
ensicpsychiat
ryi sbasedont woi mportantpri
nci
ples.Thef
ir
sti sthatif
someonecommi t
sacr i
mebecauseofament aldisor
der
,thentreat
mentofthementaldi
sorder
i
sinthebesti
nter
estsoftheindi
vidual
andsociety
.

Secondly,impri
sonmentusuall
yexacerbat
es mentaldisorderand r educes t
he chance of
rehabi
l
itati
ngtheoff
ender
,andmayr esulti
nunnecessarysuffer
ing.Therefor
e,itisof
tenbest
formentall
ydisor
deredof
fender
stobedealtwithbypsychi
atri
stsratherthanremainwithint
he
cri
minaljusti
cesystem.Theprocessofget t
ingthem outoft hecr iminalj
usticesystem i
s
usual
l
yref
err
edt
oasdi
ver
sionofment
all
ydi
sor
der
edof
fender
s.

Mostcr i
mei spettyandt hi
sist r
ueofcr imescommi tt
edbypeopl ewi thmentaldisor der
.
Becauseoft his,weneedt ostr
esst hei
mpor tantpointofdi
versi
on.Mostpol i
ceoffi
cersnow
recei
vetr
ainingintherecogni
ti
onofment aldisorder
.Theyareencouragedtoseekapsy chiatri
c
opini
oniftheysuspectsomeonei nthei
rcustodyt ohaveamentaldisorder
.Forminoroffences,
theywil
loftenchoosenottopresschargesifpsychiat
rict
reat
mentistobeof fer
ed.

Alt
ernat
ivel
y,the magistr
ate hear i
ng the case wi l
ltake psy chi
atr
icr ecommendati
ons into
accountwhendeci di
ngonasent ence.Thi
swor ki susuallydonebyl ocalpsychi
atr
icser
vices,
rat
herthanf or
ensicpsychiat
rists.Inmanyar eas,courtdi ver
sionschemesoper ateinwhi ch
psychi
atr
ist
s,psy chi
atr
ic nurses orsoci alwor kers are avail
able each day t
o carr
y out
assessmentsattherequestoft hepoliceorthemagi str
ates'court.

Forensi
cpsychiat
rist
sar eusuall
yi nvol
vedint heassessmentofpeopl
ewhohav ecommi t
ted
mor eseri
ouscrimest hatrequir
et ri
albyjuryinaCr owncourt.Thefor
ensi
cpsy chi
atr
istwil
l
determi
newhetherament aldisorderispresentandwhet hert
reat
mentwil
lreducetheriskof
reoff
endi
ng,orhelptheoffenderinotherways.

Ifment aldi
sorderispresent,theywil
lmaker ecommendat i
onsaboutwher etreat
mentshould
begi v
enbasedont hei
rassessmentoft helevelofri
sktheof f
enderposestothepubli
c.Often
assessment swillbemadebymor ethanonepsy chi
atri
st.I
f,aft
erconsider
ingthepsychi
atri
c
evi
dence,thej udgebeli
ev esthatpsychiat
ri
ct r
eatmentisrequir
ed,thenoneofanumberof
opti
onswi llbechosen,dependi ngont heoffenceandt helevelofr i
sk.Theseopti
onsf or
sentenci
ngar eal soav
ailabl
et omagi st
rat
es,exceptforrestr
ict
ionorderswhichcanonlybe
appli
edbyaCr owncour t.

Whilethesent encei nacr i

minaltri
ali sinfluencedconsi derablybypsy chi
atr
icev i
dence,the
samei snotusual lytr
ueoft hev er
dict.Thisi sbecausepsy chiat
ri
cev i
dencedoesnotusual l
y
help ajurydeci dewhet hertheaccused commi tt
ed theactt heyarebei ng tr
ied f
or.The
excepti
ontot hisisincasesofhomi cide, wher epsychi
atri
cev idenceabouttheoffender'
sstate
ofmi ndatt het imeoft heof f
encemayr esul tinav erdictofmansl aughterongr oundsof
dimini
shedresponsi bi
li
tyrat
herthanmur der.Thisisanimpor t
antdist
incti
on,asmur dercarr
ies
amandat orylifesentencewher eassent enci ngforotherof fencesisatt hediscret
ionoft he
j
udge.

I
nTextQuest
ion

Whati
sthebasi
sfordeci
dingcasesi
nfor
ensi
cpsychi
atr
y?

I
nTextAnswer

Evi
dencebef
oret
hej
uryonment
alcapabi
l
ityoft
heof
fender
.
Summar
yforSt
udySessi
on6

I
nSt
udySessi
on6,
youhav
elear
ntt
hat

I
fsomeonecommi
tsacr
imebecauseofament
aldi
sor
der
,thent
reat
mentoft
he

ment
aldi
sor
deri
sint
hebesti
nter
est
soft
hei
ndi
vi
dual
andsoci
ety
.

I
impri
sonmentusuall
yexacerbat
es mentaldisor
derand reduces t
he chance of
r
ehabi
li
tat
ingt
heoffender
,andmayresul
tinunnecessar
ysuf
feri
ng.
Thegr owthofFor ensicPsychi
atr
ymaybeduet ochangesinthelawandtoamor e
l
iberalacceptanceofpsy chiat
ri
cexpl
anat
ionsofbehavi
our,butamor ei
mmedi at
e
reasonmaybet helargenumberofmental
pati
entsi
nforensi
cfaci
l
iti
es,
jai
l
s,pr
isons,
andpenitenti
ari
es
Protecti
onofhumanr i
ght
sandt heaccept
ancethatdepri
vat
ionofl
iber
tyshoul
dbe
onlyamat terofl
astr
ecoursehasledsomejuri
sdict
ionst
oimplementspeci
all
aws
foroutpati
entcommit
ment.
Byv
irt
ueofthei
rinv
olv
ementinlegal
matter
sf or
ensi
cpsychiat
ri
stshavedevelopeda
maj
orint
eresti
nthedr
aft
ingandtheappl
i
cationofmentalheal
thlegi
slat
ion,

Sel
f-
AssessmentQuest
ions(
SAQs)f
orSt
udySessi
on6

Nowt
haty
ouhav
ecompl
etedt
hisst
udysessi
on,
youcanassesshowwel
lyouhav
e
achi
evedi
tsLear
ningOut
comesbyanswer
ingt
hesequest
ions.Youcanchecky
our
answer
swi
tht
heNot
esonSel
f-AssessmentQuest
ionsatt
heendoft
hisModul
e.

SAQ6.
1(Test
sLear
ningOut
come6.
1)

Thereisast
rongl
i
nkbet
weenment
alheal
thsy
stem andt
hej
ust
iceandcor
rect
ional
syst
ems.
Discuss?

SAQ6.
2(Test
sLear
ningOut
come6.
2)

Whatar
ether
easonsf
ordi
ver
ti
ngment
all
ysi
ckof
fenderf
rom cor
rect
ivei
nst
it
uti
on?