Pedagogy: The method and practice of teaching.

Example: The teacher used various pedagogical techniques to engage the

students in active learning.

Curriculum: The subjects, courses, and content that are taught in an

educational institution.
Example: The school has developed a well-rounded curriculum that
includes both academic and extracurricular activities.

Literacy: The ability to read and write.

Example: The literacy rate in the country has significantly improved over
the past decade.

Scholarship: Financial aid or grant awarded to students based on their

academic achievements or other criteria.
Example: She received a scholarship to pursue her higher education at a
prestigious university.

Syllabus: A document that outlines the topics, objectives, and expectations

for a course or program of study.
Example: The professor distributed the syllabus on the first day of class to
provide an overview of the semester's content.

Pedagogical: Relating to the methods and practice of teaching.

Example: The school implements pedagogical strategies that promote
critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Assessment: The process of evaluating and measuring students'

knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Example: The final exam is a comprehensive assessment of the students'
understanding of the course material.

Lecture: A formal presentation or talk given by a teacher or expert to an

audience.
Example: The professor delivered a captivating lecture on the history of art.
Academic: Pertaining to education, especially at the college or university
level.
Example: She received numerous academic awards for her outstanding
performance in her studies.

Tutor: A person who provides individualized instruction and guidance to a

student outside of the regular classroom setting.
Example: He hired a math tutor to help him improve his understanding of
calculus.

Plagiarism: The act of using someone else's work, ideas, or words without
giving proper credit or authorization.
Example: Plagiarism is considered a serious offense and can result in
academic penalties.

Enroll: To officially register or sign up for a course, program, or institution.

Example: She decided to enroll in a foreign language class to expand her
cultural knowledge.

Graduation: The ceremony or process of receiving an academic degree or

diploma upon completion of a course of study.
Example: The graduation ceremony was a momentous occasion for the
graduating students and their families.

Extracurricular: Activities pursued outside of regular academic curriculum,

often involving clubs, sports, or community service.
Example: He participated in various extracurricular activities such as
debate club and volunteering at a local shelter.

Research: Systematic investigation and study of a subject to discover new

knowledge or deepen understanding.
Example: The research project aimed to explore the effects of climate
change on coastal ecosystems.
Discipline: A branch of knowledge or a field of study.
Example: Psychology is a discipline that explores the human mind and
behavior.

Remedial: Intended to improve or correct deficiencies in knowledge or

skills.
Example: The student attended remedial classes to catch up on math skills.

Accreditation: The process of officially recognizing an educational

institution or program as meeting certain standards of quality and
effectiveness.
Example: The university received accreditation from a reputable accrediting
agency.

Distance Learning: Education that takes place remotely, typically through

online platforms or virtual classrooms.
Example: Many universities offer distance learning programs to
accommodate students who cannot attend classes in person.

Proficiency: The level of skill or expertise in a particular subject or area.

Example: She demonstrated a high level of proficiency in playing the piano.

Inclusive Education: An approach that ensures all students, regardless of

their abilities or backgrounds, have equal access to education.
Example: The school implemented inclusive education practices to create
an environment that welcomes and supports students with diverse needs.

Peer Review: The evaluation and feedback process carried out by experts
or peers in the same field.
Example: Before publishing the research paper, it underwent a rigorous
peer review process.

Critical Thinking: The ability to analyze, evaluate, and form independent

judgments based on evidence and logical reasoning.
Example: The course focused on developing critical thinking skills to help
students approach complex problems.

E-learning: Learning facilitated through electronic technologies, usually

delivered via computers or the internet.
Example: The company provided e-learning modules for employees to
enhance their professional skills.

Motivation: The inner drive or desire to accomplish a goal or engage in a

particular activity.
Example: The teacher used various strategies to inspire and motivate
students to excel in their studies.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge: The specialized knowledge and

understanding that teachers possess about the content they teach and how
to effectively teach it.
Example: The teacher's pedagogical content knowledge enabled them to
explain complex scientific concepts in a way that students could easily
understand.

Resourcefulness: The ability to find and effectively utilize resources to

solve problems or achieve goals.
Example: The student's resourcefulness in conducting research helped
them gather valuable information for their project.

Differentiation: The practice of adapting instruction and learning

experiences to meet the individual needs and abilities of students.
Example: The teacher employed differentiation strategies to accommodate
diverse learning styles in the classroom.

Proctor: A person who supervises an examination to ensure its integrity

and fairness.
Example: The proctor walked around the exam room to monitor the
students during the test.
Interactive Whiteboard: A touch-sensitive board connected to a computer,
used for interactive teaching and presentation.
Example: The teacher used the interactive whiteboard to engage students
in interactive learning activities.

Co-curricular: Activities or programs that complement the academic

curriculum and contribute to the holistic development of students.
Example: The school offers a range of co-curricular activities, including
sports, arts, and clubs.

In-service Training: Professional development and training provided to

teachers and educators while they are actively working.
Example: The school organized an in-service training session for teachers
to learn about new teaching methodologies.

Gradual Release Model: A teaching approach that involves gradually

transferring responsibility for learning from the teacher to the students.
Example: The teacher used the gradual release model, starting with explicit
instruction and then gradually allowing students to work independently.

Differentiated Instruction: The practice of tailoring instruction to meet the

unique learning needs and preferences of individual students.
Example: The teacher used differentiated instruction strategies to provide
different activities and resources based on student abilities and interests.

Aptitude: Natural ability or talent in a specific area or subject.

Example: She displayed an aptitude for mathematics from a young age.

Multicultural Education: An educational approach that promotes

understanding, respect, and appreciation for diverse cultures and
backgrounds.
Example: The school incorporates multicultural education into the
curriculum by incorporating literature and activities that highlight different
cultures.
Pedagogical Innovation: The introduction of new teaching methods,
approaches, or technologies to enhance the learning experience.
Example: The teacher's pedagogical innovation included using virtual
reality simulations to engage students in science lessons.

Metacognition: The awareness and understanding of one's own thinking

processes and the ability to reflect on and regulate one's own learning.
Example: The teacher encouraged metacognition by prompting students to
think about their thinking and reflect on their learning strategies.

Inclusion: The practice of providing equal access and opportunities for all
students, including those with disabilities or special needs, within the
general education classroom.
Example: The school fosters an inclusive environment where all students
feel valued and supported.

Flipped Classroom: A teaching model where students learn new content

or concepts outside of class, typically through videos or readings, and class
time is used for discussion, application, and problem-solving.
Example: In the flipped classroom, students watch lectures at home and
then come to class prepared to engage in group activities and discussions.

Bloom's Taxonomy: A hierarchical framework that classifies different

levels of cognitive thinking, ranging from simple recall to complex analysis
and evaluation.
Example: The teacher designed activities that targeted different levels of
Bloom's Taxonomy to promote deeper learning.

Resilience: The ability to adapt, bounce back, and recover from setbacks
or challenges.
Example: Developing resilience is an important aspect of education as it
helps students overcome obstacles and persevere.

Socratic Method: A teaching technique that involves asking questions to

stimulate critical thinking and encourage active participation in discussions.
Example: The professor used the Socratic Method to engage students in
lively debates and encourage independent thought.

Authentic Assessment: Evaluation methods that require students to

demonstrate their knowledge and skills in real-world, meaningful contexts.
Example: The project-based assessment allowed students to apply their
learning to a practical scenario and showcase their understanding.

STEAM: An educational approach that integrates Science, Technology,

Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics to foster interdisciplinary learning and
problem-solving skills.
Example: The school introduced a STEAM program to promote creativity
and innovation through hands-on, project-based learning.

Pedagogical Strategies: Various methods and techniques used by

educators to facilitate effective teaching and learning.
Example: The teacher employed a range of pedagogical strategies, such
as cooperative learning and hands-on activities, to engage students.

Active Learning: A student-centered approach that involves engaging

students in activities that require them to actively participate, think critically,
and apply knowledge.
Example: The classroom environment encouraged active learning through
group discussions, problem-solving tasks, and experiments.

Interventions: Targeted actions or programs implemented to support

students who are experiencing difficulties or require additional assistance.
Example: The school provided interventions, such as extra tutoring and
individualized support, to help struggling students improve their
performance.

Mastery Learning: An instructional approach that emphasizes students

mastering a specific skill or concept before moving on to the next level or
topic.
Example: The teacher implemented mastery learning by providing
additional practice and support until each student demonstrated proficiency.

Reflective Practice: The process of thoughtfully considering one's

teaching methods, actions, and experiences to improve instructional
practices.
Example: The teacher engaged in reflective practice by regularly analyzing
student feedback and adjusting instructional strategies accordingly.

Hybrid Learning: A blend of in-person and online learning, where students

participate in both face-to-face and virtual instruction.
Example: The school adopted a hybrid learning model to provide flexibility
and accommodate different learning needs and situations.

Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments conducted during the

learning process to monitor student progress and provide feedback for
instructional adjustments.
Example: The teacher used formative assessments, such as quizzes and
class discussions, to gauge student understanding and guide future
lessons.

Digital Literacy: The ability to effectively and responsibly use digital

technologies and information to find, evaluate, create, and communicate.
Example: The school emphasized the development of digital literacy skills
to prepare students for the digital age.

Higher Order Thinking Skills: Cognitive abilities that involve critical

thinking, problem-solving, analysis, evaluation, and creativity.
Example: The teacher designed activities that challenged students to apply
higher order thinking skills to solve complex problems.

Project-Based Learning: A teaching method where students investigate

and solve real-world problems or complete extended projects that integrate
multiple subjects.
Example: The students collaborated on a project-based learning
assignment where they researched and designed sustainable energy
solutions for their community.

Cultural Competence: The ability to interact effectively and respectfully

with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Example: The school promoted cultural competence through multicultural
events and activities that celebrated different traditions and perspectives.

Differentiation: Adapting instruction to meet the unique needs, interests,

and abilities of individual students within a diverse classroom.
Example: The teacher differentiated instruction by providing different
learning materials and tasks based on student readiness levels.

Intrinsic Motivation: Internal drive and interest in learning or achieving

goals without external rewards or incentives.
Example: The student's intrinsic motivation to learn led them to explore
additional resources and engage in independent study.

Collaborative Learning: A learning approach that involves students

working together in groups or teams to solve problems, complete tasks, or
create projects.
Example: The collaborative learning activity required students to
collaborate and share ideas to design and build a functioning model.

Equity: Ensuring that all students have access to the necessary resources,
opportunities, and support to achieve educational success, regardless of
their backgrounds or circumstances.
Example: The school implemented equity initiatives to reduce achievement
gaps and provide equal opportunities for all students.

Inclusion: The practice of including students with diverse abilities and

backgrounds in regular classrooms and providing them with appropriate
support and accommodations.
Example: The school embraced the principle of inclusion by implementing
inclusive education practices and promoting an inclusive school culture.

Metacognitive Strategies: Techniques or approaches that promote

awareness and control of one's own learning processes.
Example: The teacher taught metacognitive strategies such as
self-reflection, goal-setting, and self-assessment to help students become
more effective learners.

Differentiated Assessment: Assessments that are tailored to meet the

diverse learning needs and abilities of students.
Example: The teacher used differentiated assessment methods, such as
projects, presentations, and written exams, to accommodate different
learning styles and strengths.

Collaborative Problem-Solving: A process where students work together

in groups to analyze and solve complex problems.
Example: The collaborative problem-solving activity required students to
use their collective knowledge and skills to develop innovative solutions.

Digital Citizenship: The responsible and ethical use of technology and

online platforms.
Example: The school organized workshops on digital citizenship to educate
students about online safety, privacy, and responsible online behavior.

Homeroom: A designated classroom where students gather daily for

attendance, announcements, and other administrative purposes.
Example: The homeroom teacher provided support and guidance to the
students in their daily routines.

Vocational Education: Education and training that focuses on practical

skills and prepares students for specific careers or trades.
Example: The vocational education program offered courses in automotive
repair, culinary arts, and computer programming.
Standardized Testing: Assessments administered to all students that
follow a uniform format and scoring system.
Example: The state requires standardized testing to evaluate student
performance and compare it across schools and districts.

Resource Room: A designated space where students can receive

specialized instruction, support, or interventions.
Example: The resource room provides additional assistance to students
with learning disabilities or individualized education plans.

Extracurricular Activities: Activities that take place outside of regular

academic classes, such as clubs, sports, and arts programs.
Example: She participated in extracurricular activities such as the debate
club, soccer team, and school orchestra.

Study Abroad: A program that allows students to live and study in a

foreign country for a period of time.
Example: The university offers study abroad opportunities for students to
experience different cultures and gain international perspectives.

Educational Technology: Tools, resources, and applications used to

enhance teaching and learning processes.
Example: The school invested in educational technology, such as
interactive whiteboards and educational software, to create engaging
learning environments.

Learning Styles: Different ways in which individuals prefer to learn, such

as visual, auditory, or kinesthetic.
Example: The teacher incorporated various teaching methods and
materials to cater to different learning styles in the classroom.

Parent-Teacher Association (PTA): An organization of parents and

teachers that collaborate to support and enhance the educational
experience of students.
Example: The PTA organized fundraisers, parent workshops, and school
events to foster a strong home-school partnership.

Resourced-Based Learning: An approach that emphasizes using various

learning materials and resources, such as textbooks, online sources, and
manipulatives, to support student learning.
Example: The teacher created a resource-based learning environment by
providing access to a wide range of learning materials and technologies.

Blended Learning: An instructional approach that combines online

learning with traditional face-to-face instruction.
Example: The school implemented a blended learning model where
students engage in both online coursework and in-person discussions with
the teacher.

Authentic Learning: Learning experiences that reflect real-world contexts

and tasks, allowing students to apply knowledge and skills in meaningful
ways.
Example: The project required students to interview professionals in their
desired career field, providing an authentic learning experience.

School Counselor: A trained professional who provides guidance and

support to students in academic, career, and personal/social development.
Example: The school counselor helped students explore college options
and develop a plan for their future education and career.

Rubric: A scoring guide that outlines the criteria and expectations for
evaluating student work or performance.
Example: The teacher provided a rubric to students before the project,
explaining how their work would be assessed in different categories.

Collaborative Teaching: A teaching approach where two or more teachers

work together to plan, instruct, and assess students in a shared classroom.
Example: The collaborative teaching model allowed teachers to combine
their expertise and provide individualized support to students.
Individualized Education Plan (IEP): A personalized plan developed for
students with disabilities or special needs to outline their educational goals,
accommodations, and support services.
Example: The IEP team met to review and update the student's
individualized education plan, ensuring their needs were being met.

Literacy: The ability to read, write, and comprehend written language

effectively.
Example: The literacy program focused on improving reading
comprehension and writing skills in elementary students.

Phonics: A method of teaching reading and spelling that emphasizes the

relationship between sounds and letters.
Example: The teacher used phonics instruction to help students decode
and sound out words when reading.

Mentorship: A relationship where an experienced individual guides and

supports a less experienced person in their personal and professional
development.
Example: The teacher served as a mentor to a new teacher, providing
guidance and sharing best practices.

Lecture: A method of teaching where the teacher presents information or

explanations to the class through verbal delivery.
Example: The professor delivered a lecture on the history of art, providing
an overview of different art movements.

Pedagogy: The theory and practice of teaching and instruction.

Example: The teacher's pedagogy focused on student-centered learning
and active engagement.

Standardized Curriculum: A uniform set of learning objectives, content,

and skills that are taught across multiple classrooms or schools.
Example: The district adopted a standardized curriculum to ensure
consistent educational experiences for students.

Cooperative Learning: A teaching method where students work together

in small groups to achieve a common goal or complete a task.
Example: The cooperative learning activity required students to collaborate
on a science experiment and present their findings.

Matriculation: The process of enrolling in or being admitted to a college or

university.
Example: After completing high school, she celebrated her matriculation
into a prestigious university.

Primary Source: Original documents, artifacts, or records that provide

firsthand evidence or information about a specific topic or historical event.
Example: The students analyzed primary sources, such as letters and
photographs, to learn about the experiences of immigrants in the early 20th
century.

Summative Assessment: An evaluation conducted at the end of a unit,

course, or academic period to measure student learning and achievement.
Example: The final exam served as a summative assessment of the
students' knowledge and understanding of the course material.

Critical Thinking: The ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize

information to form reasoned judgments and make informed decisions.
Example: The teacher encouraged critical thinking by presenting students
with thought-provoking questions and engaging them in meaningful
discussions.

Intrinsic Motivation: Internal drive and desire to engage in learning or

activities for personal fulfillment or interest.
Example: The student's love for reading was fueled by intrinsic motivation
rather than external rewards.
Peer Assessment: The process of students evaluating the work, progress,
or performance of their classmates.
Example: The teacher incorporated peer assessment activities, where
students provided constructive feedback on each other's presentations.

Resilience: The ability to adapt, bounce back, and persevere in the face of
challenges, setbacks, or adversity.
Example: The school implemented resilience-building programs to equip
students with the skills to overcome obstacles and maintain a positive
mindset.

Inquiry-Based Learning: An approach where students explore questions,

problems, or phenomena through active investigation, research, and
discovery.
Example: The science class engaged in inquiry-based learning by
conducting experiments to investigate chemical reactions.

Authentic Assessment: Evaluating student learning through real-world,

relevant tasks or activities that demonstrate application and transfer of
knowledge.
Example: The authentic assessment required students to create a business
plan and present it to a panel of local entrepreneurs.

Scaffolding: Providing temporary support, guidance, or structure to help

students gradually gain independence and achieve learning goals.
Example: The teacher used scaffolding techniques, such as graphic
organizers and step-by-step instructions, to assist students in solving math
problems.

Motivation: The internal and external factors that drive and influence an
individual's behavior, effort, and persistence in pursuing goals.
Example: The teacher used motivational strategies, such as setting
achievable targets and recognizing student progress, to inspire students to
excel.
Growth Mindset: The belief that abilities and intelligence can be
developed and improved through effort, practice, and perseverance.
Example: The school emphasized cultivating a growth mindset,
encouraging students to embrace challenges and view mistakes as
opportunities for growth.

Differentiated Instruction: Adapting teaching methods, materials, and

assessments to accommodate diverse student needs, interests, and
learning styles.
Example: The teacher differentiated instruction by providing additional
resources for students who needed extra support and offering enrichment
activities for advanced learners.

Metacognition: The awareness and understanding of one's own thinking

processes, including planning, monitoring, and reflecting on learning.
Example: The students engaged in metacognitive activities, such as setting
learning goals and self-assessing their progress, to enhance their learning
experience.

Dual Enrollment: A program that allows high school students to enroll in

college courses and earn credits simultaneously.
Example: She participated in a dual enrollment program and completed
college-level courses while still in high school.

Differentiation: Modifying instruction and learning experiences to meet the

individual needs, interests, and abilities of students.
Example: The teacher employed differentiation strategies by offering
various reading materials at different difficulty levels to accommodate
diverse reading abilities in the classroom.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL): A framework that promotes

inclusive instruction by providing multiple means of representation,
engagement, and expression to accommodate diverse learners.
Example: The teacher implemented UDL principles by using multimedia
resources, offering choices for assignments, and providing different means
for students to demonstrate their understanding.

Remedial Education: Additional instruction or support provided to students

who are struggling academically in order to help them catch up to their
grade level.
Example: The school offered remedial education programs in math and
reading to help students improve their foundational skills.

Enrichment: Providing additional educational opportunities or experiences

that go beyond the regular curriculum to challenge and stimulate students.
Example: The school organized enrichment programs, such as coding
workshops and science fairs, to foster creativity and critical thinking skills.

Co-curricular Activities: Activities that complement the academic

curriculum and provide students with opportunities to explore their interests
and develop skills outside of the classroom.
Example: The school offered a wide range of co-curricular activities,
including clubs, sports teams, and music ensembles.

Educational Equity: Ensuring that all students have equal access to

quality education and resources, regardless of their background, abilities,
or socio-economic status.
Example: The school district implemented policies to promote educational
equity, including equitable funding and resources for all schools.

Standard Deviation: A statistical measure that indicates the extent to

which data points vary from the mean or average.
Example: The teacher explained the concept of standard deviation to the
students to help them understand the spread of data in a set.

Differentiated Assessment: Assessments that are tailored to match the

individual learning needs and abilities of students.
Example: The teacher used differentiated assessment methods, such as
oral presentations, written reports, and hands-on projects, to accommodate
different learning styles.

Metaphorical Thinking: Using metaphors or symbolic comparisons to

enhance understanding and make connections between concepts or ideas.
Example: The teacher encouraged students to engage in metaphorical
thinking to deepen their understanding of complex scientific processes.

Educational Psychology: The study of how individuals learn and develop

within educational settings, and the application of psychological theories to
improve teaching and learning.
Example: The educational psychology course provided insights into
cognitive processes, motivation, and learning theories.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The range of tasks or activities

that a learner can perform with the assistance or guidance of a more
knowledgeable person.
Example: The teacher carefully selected tasks within the students' zone of
proximal development to ensure optimal learning progress.

E-Learning: Learning that takes place through electronic technologies,

typically using the internet or digital platforms.
Example: The school transitioned to e-learning during the lockdown,
providing virtual classes and online resources for students to continue their
education remotely.

Memorization: The process of committing information to memory through

repetition or other memory techniques.
Example: The students practiced memorization techniques, such as
flashcards and mnemonic devices, to remember important historical dates.

Experiential Learning: Learning through direct, hands-on experiences,

where students actively engage with real-world situations or tasks.
Example: The science class went on a field trip to a local nature reserve to
engage in experiential learning and observe ecosystems firsthand.

Psychomotor Skills: Skills that involve physical movement, coordination,

and dexterity, such as playing a musical instrument or performing a sports
technique.
Example: The physical education curriculum focused on developing
students' psychomotor skills through various sports and activities.

Academic Integrity: Adhering to ethical standards and honesty in

academic work, including citing sources, avoiding plagiarism, and
upholding intellectual property rights.
Example: The school emphasized the importance of academic integrity and
provided guidelines on proper citation and research practices.

Procrastination: The act of delaying or postponing tasks or assignments,

often resulting in last-minute work or missed deadlines.
Example: The student struggled with procrastination and had to develop
strategies to manage time more effectively.

Differentiated Instruction: Adapting teaching methods, materials, and

assessments to meet the diverse needs, interests, and abilities of students.
Example: The teacher employed differentiated instruction by providing
various reading levels for different groups of students.

Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments conducted throughout the

learning process to monitor student progress and provide feedback for
instructional adjustments.
Example: The teacher used formative assessments such as quizzes, class
discussions, and exit tickets to gauge student understanding and adjust
instruction accordingly.

Information Literacy: The ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively use

information from various sources, including digital and print media.
Example: The librarian conducted information literacy workshops to teach
students how to critically evaluate online sources for research projects.

Flipped Classroom: A teaching model where students engage with

instructional content, such as lectures or videos, outside of class and use
class time for activities and discussions.
Example: In the flipped classroom, students watch lecture videos at home
and engage in hands-on activities and discussions during class.

Differentiated Learning: Tailoring learning experiences, tasks, and

assessments to match individual student needs, interests, and learning
styles.
Example: The teacher employed differentiated learning strategies by
offering various options for completing assignments and allowing students
to choose topics of interest.

Reflective Practice: Engaging in self-reflection and critical analysis of

one's teaching methods, strategies, and interactions with students to
improve instructional effectiveness.
Example: The teacher engaged in reflective practice by regularly reviewing
lesson plans, seeking feedback from colleagues, and adjusting instructional
approaches.

Civic Education: Instruction and learning experiences that aim to develop

students' understanding of their rights, responsibilities, and participation in
civic life.
Example: The school incorporated civic education into the curriculum by
teaching about government structures, democracy, and community
engagement.

Global Citizenship: The awareness, knowledge, and understanding of

global issues and the willingness to act responsibly and make a positive
impact on a global scale.
Example: The school organized global citizenship initiatives, such as
cultural exchange programs and service-learning projects, to foster global
awareness and empathy.

Online Learning: Education that takes place over the internet, utilizing
digital platforms, online resources, and virtual classrooms.
Example: Many universities now offer online learning programs that allow
students to earn degrees remotely.

Psychosocial Development: The combination of psychological and social

changes and growth that individuals experience throughout their lifespan.
Example: The psychology class explored theories of psychosocial
development, such as Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Active Learning: An instructional approach that encourages students to

participate, engage, and take an active role in the learning process.
Example: The teacher implemented active learning strategies, such as
group discussions, hands-on experiments, and problem-solving activities.

Cultural Competence: The ability to interact effectively and respectfully

with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, including understanding
their values, customs, and perspectives.
Example: The school organized cultural competence workshops for
teachers to enhance their ability to create inclusive and culturally
responsive classrooms.

Resourcing: The process of acquiring and allocating resources, such as

funding, materials, and technology, to support educational programs and
initiatives.
Example: The school administration focused on resourcing classrooms with
up-to-date technology, textbooks, and instructional materials.

Portfolio Assessment: A collection of student work samples, reflections,

and demonstrations of learning that provide evidence of achievement and
progress.
Example: The teacher used portfolio assessment to assess student growth
over time by reviewing their written assignments, projects, and
self-reflections.

Transdisciplinary: Involving the integration of knowledge and approaches

from multiple disciplines to address complex problems or topics.
Example: The school implemented a transdisciplinary approach to teaching
science, incorporating concepts from biology, chemistry, and physics.

Inclusion: The practice of providing equal access and opportunities for all
students, including those with disabilities or special needs, within the
general education classroom.
Example: The school promoted inclusion by ensuring that students with
disabilities were provided with necessary accommodations and support.

Efficacy: The belief in one's ability to succeed or make a positive impact in

a specific task or domain.
Example: The teacher aimed to boost students' self-efficacy by providing
them with challenging yet attainable goals.

Inquiry: The process of seeking knowledge or information through

questioning, exploration, and investigation.
Example: The science project encouraged students to engage in
inquiry-based learning by formulating their own research questions and
conducting experiments.

Pragmatic: Focusing on practical, real-world applications rather than

theoretical or abstract concepts.
Example: The math teacher emphasized the pragmatic use of algebra in
solving everyday problems, such as budgeting or calculating distances.

Reciprocal Teaching: A strategy in which students take turns assuming

the role of the teacher and leading discussions about a text, guiding
comprehension and understanding.
Example: The teacher implemented reciprocal teaching by assigning
student leaders to facilitate small group discussions and clarify challenging
concepts.

Socioeconomic Status (SES): A measure of an individual or family's

social and economic position within society, often based on income,
education level, and occupation.
Example: The school recognized the impact of socioeconomic status on
student achievement and implemented initiatives to address educational
disparities.

Differentiation: Modifying instruction, assignments, or assessments to

meet the specific needs, abilities, and learning styles of individual students.
Example: The teacher used differentiation techniques, such as tiered
assignments or flexible grouping, to meet the diverse needs of the students
in the classroom.

Remediation: Providing additional instruction or support to help students

bridge learning gaps and improve their skills in specific areas.
Example: The student attended after-school remediation sessions to
receive extra help in math to strengthen their understanding of foundational
concepts.

Proximity Learning: A form of distance education where students attend

live classes or receive instruction remotely, often through video
conferencing or online platforms.
Example: Due to the pandemic, the school implemented proximity learning,
allowing students to participate in virtual classes from the safety of their
homes.

Aptitude: Natural ability or talent in a particular skill, subject, or area of

knowledge.
Example: The music teacher identified the student's aptitude for playing the
piano and encouraged further development of their skills.
Differentiated Assessment: Assessing students' learning and
understanding through varied methods and formats that match their
individual needs, abilities, and preferences.
Example: The teacher used differentiated assessment by offering options
for demonstrating understanding, such as written essays, oral
presentations, or multimedia projects.

Self-directed Learning: The ability and motivation to take responsibility for

one's own learning process, setting goals, and managing time and
resources independently.
Example: The college course encouraged self-directed learning, with
students taking the initiative to explore topics beyond the assigned
readings.

Metaphor: A figure of speech that draws a comparison between two

unrelated things to highlight a particular quality or characteristic.
Example: The English teacher used the metaphor of a journey to explain
the protagonist's character development in the novel.