Taxonomical Classification and Phytochemical Analysis of

Invasive Plant Species

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO

UTKAL UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR

IN

PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
BY
MANASWINI JENA

1902010190660120

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

PROF. BIKRAM PRADHAN

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCE & BIOTECHNLOGYNIIS INSTITUTE OF
INFORMATION SCIENCE &MANAGEMENT
BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA, INDIA
JULY 2022
 DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Project report entitled
“Taxonomical Classification and Phytochemical Analysis of Invasive Plant Species” in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Biotechnology and submitted to Utkal University, Bhubaneswar is an authentic record of
my own work carried out at School of Basic Science & Biotechnology, NIIS Institute of
Information Science & Management under the supervision of Mr. Bikram Pradhan.

The Project work is an original work of the students and no portion has been
plagiarized from any published or unpublished source.

Name: MANASWINI JENA

Roll No.: 1902010190660120
Semester: 6th, B.Sc (Biotechnology)

This is to certify that above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my
Knowledge.

The Project viva-voce examination of Miss Manaswini Jena was held on 15th July 2022 and
is recommended for the award of the Bachelor degree of Science.

Prof. Bikram pradhan Dr. Kalyani Singh Prof. Arun Kumar Jena
Supervisor HOD, Biotechnology Dean, School of Basic Science
& Biotechnology
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled “Taxonomical Classification and

Phytochemical Analysis of Invasive Plant Species” which is submitted by Miss

MANASWINI JENA bearing Roll No: 1902010190660120 in partial fulfilment of the

degree of Bachelor of Science in of Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, is a

record of his own research work carried out by him. He has carried out his investigations

under my guidance at NIIS Institute of Information Science & Management,

Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The Project work is an original work of the students and no

portion has been plagiarized from any published or unpublished source to the best of my

Knowledge.

Dr. Kalyani Singh Prof. Arun Kumar Jena

HOD, Biotechnology Dean. School of Basic Science
& Biotechnology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I heartily owe my sincere gratitude and thankfulness to our respected Dean Sir Mr.
Arun kumar Jena, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful Project in the
school of basic science and Biotechnology, NIIS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION
SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT (DEGREE) COLLEGE, SARADA VIHAR KHURDA,
ODISHA.

I express my honorary gratitude to our respected HOD ma’am Dr. Kalyani Singh,
Department of Biotechnology.

I appreciate the trust laid in me to do the research work presented in this thesis has
been carried out under the guidance and supervision of our respected lecturer Prof. Bikram
Pradhan sir who has chosen me for this topic and also provided me help with knowledge,
inspiration and information. I am greatly indebted to his for supporting at every step of my
work. It would not be possible for me to complete the project without his sincere and
affectionate help.

I am also thankful to Miss. Itishree Dash, Miss. Sarmistha Senapati, Miss.

Krishnapriya Barik, Mr. MD. Zuned Iqubal, Miss. Maitri Kumbhar for immense help during
the project work. Last but not the least I would like to thanks to my parents, friends for their
love, care and support.

Date:

Place: Signature of candidate

I
 ABSTRACT
In the current project more than 50 different varieties of alien plants were recorded in
Madanpur Gram-Panchayat with 80 % herb species followed by 15 % shrub, 2 % trees and 3
% climbers. Asteraceae was the dominant family along with Solanaceae and Poaceae. It was
marked that nearly 75 % of the expansive alien species are native to American and 25 %
belong to other continents such as African and Asian. In terms of habitat, we found that
wastelands ranked highest (69 %), followed by agricultural lands (10%), road sides (13 %),
aquatic (2 %) and others (6 %).

In the current project it was observed that Falvonoid and Tannins were mostly present
in all the plants sample (aqueous and methanol extract). Alkaloid was observed in the all
plants sample except Cleome viscosa. Saponin was seen in samples of Chromolaena odorata,
Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus. Terpenoid was also detected in few plants.

It was marked that the dominant natures of alien varieties make it very difficult for
local or native local Indian herb and shrub species to survive. Heliotropium indicum is one of
the Indian herbs which can grow among the invasive species.

Keywords: Invasive plant species, Biodiversity, Numerical Taxonomy, Phytochemicals.

II
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES - 1-3

2. REVIEW OF LITRETURE - 4-5
 Biodiversity Study
 Phytochemical Screening
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS - 6 - 10
 Study of Area
 Field sampling
 Taxonomical Study
 Phytochemical analysis
 Phytochemical screening
 Statistical Analysis
4. RESULTS - 11 - 19
 Invasive Plant Diversity and Population
 Herbarium Collection
 Taxonomical Classification
 Secondary Metabolites
 Dendrogram
5. DISCUSSION - 20 - 21
6. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION - 22 - 23
7. REFERENCES - 24 - 28

III
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Captions Page No.

1 Study area (Madanpur Gram-Panchayat) 6

2 Commonly used plant identification keys for Taxonomical Classification 8

3 a- Eichhornia crassipes present in local pond, b- Saccarum. Spontaneum 13

present in farming land, c- Parthenium hysterophorus and Calotropis
gigantean present near roadside, d- Parthenium hysterophorus and Mimosa
pudica present in NIIS College campus

4 a. Chamaesyce hirta, b. Chloris barbata, c. Lantana camara, d. Sida acuta, 13

e. Cleome viscosa, f. Tridax procumbens, g. Alternanthera paronychioides,
h. Portulaca oleracea

5. Population study of Invasive Plant Species in NIIS College Campus. 14

LIST OF CHART

Chart No. Captions Page No.

1 Habit diversity of Invasive Plant Species in Madanpur Gram- 13

Panchayat

2 UPGMA dendrogram showing species relationship in Cassia 19

IV
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Captions Page

No.

1 Parameters of morphometric measurements used in the analysis 6

2 List of some common Alien species recorded in Madanpur Gram-Panchayat, 10-11

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

3 Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract collected from the stem sample of 16

different invasive plant species

4 Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract collected from the leaf sample of 16

different invasive plant species

5 Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites present in methanol extract 17

collected from the stem sample of different invasive plant species

6 Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites present in methanol extract 17

collected from the leaf sample of different invasive plant species