ARC423-18 - ARCHITECTURE

COMPREHENSIVE COURSE 1
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First Semester 2024 - 2025

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AR. Juliet B. Ramos

4AR-1
Assignment no. 1
HOA1

Glicel G. Bullos
19-13735-538
 B Y Z A N T I N E
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1. What element could be used to span larger spaces than stone and wood
construction in Byzantine architecture?
A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
**Answer: B**

2. What was the former name of Constantinople before it was renamed by

Constantine?
A. Rome
B. Athens
C. Byzantium
D. Troy
**Answer: C**

3. What geographical feature influenced the strategic importance of

Constantinople in commerce?
A. Mountain ranges
B. River valleys
C. Coastal cliffs
D. Intersection of trade routes
**Answer: D**

4. What percentage of colored marbles used in S. Sophia and other churches

in Constantinople was Thessalian green?
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 25%
D. 100%
**Answer: B**

5. How did the Romans alter their building methods in Constantinople due to
the climate?
A. They used more stone.
B. They adopted Oriental arts.
C. They constructed larger buildings.
D. They relied less on concrete.
**Answer: B**
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 B Y Z A N T I N E
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6. Which emperor first made Christianity the state religion?

A. Augustus
B. Nero
C. Constantine
D. Julius Caesar
**Answer: C**

7. What controversy led to a separation of churches in the East and West?

A. Iconoclastic movement
B. Filioque controversy
C. Schism of the East
D. Council of Nicaea
**Answer: B**

8. What material was mainly used for the construction of the core of
Byzantine walls?
A. Stone
B. Brick
C. Concrete
D. Marble
**Answer: C**

9. Which emperor moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium in AD 324?

A. Nero
B. Constantine
C. Augustus
D. Julius Caesar
**Answer: B**

10. Which century saw the erection of the Church of S. Sophia, considered a
great achievement in Byzantine architecture?
A. 5th century
B. 10th century
C. 6th century
D. 12th century
**Answer: C**

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 B Y Z A N T I N E
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11. What material was used to construct the dome of S. Sophia in

Constantinople?
A. Lead
B. Stone
C. Iron
D. Gold
**Answer: A**

12. How many windows were used to light the interior of S. Sophia's dome?
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50
**Answer: C**

13. What characteristic feature distinguishes Byzantine churches regarding

their plans?
A. Long nave
B. Greek cross shape
C. Aisles on the sides
D. Dome over the altar
**Answer: B**

14. What material was frequently used for roofing in Byzantine architecture?
A. Lead
B. Ceramic tiles
C. Stone slabs
D. Wooden shingles
**Answer: B**

15. Which city served as a connecting link between East and West, evident in
its architecture?
A. Rome
B. Athens
C. Constantinople
D. Jerusalem
**Answer: C**

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 B Y Z A N T I N E
A R C H I T E C T U R E

16. Which material was often used for the construction of domes in Byzantine
architecture?
A. Stone
B. Brick
C. Marble
D. Wood
**Answer: B**

17. What is the main decorative feature of the interior of S. Mark's Basilica in
Venice?
A. Marble columns
B. Glass windows
C. Mosaic decorations
D. Painted frescoes
**Answer: C**

18. How did Byzantine craftsmen execute their carving work differently from
the Romans?
A. They used chisels.
B. They used incisions.
C. They used hammers.
D. They used brushes.
**Answer: B**

19. What feature did Byzantine ornamentation frequently utilize to create its
patterns?
A. Raised relief
B. Flat surfaces
C. Translucent glass
D. Incised lines
**Answer: D**

20. What type of plan did early Byzantine churches typically follow?
A. Basilica
B. Centralized
C. Cross-in-square
D. Longitudinal
**Answer: C**

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 E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E

1. Which material was often used by Early Christians for their churches, taken
from Roman temples that were no longer in use?
A. Marble
B. Iron
C. Aluminum
D. Stone
**Answer: D**

2. What architectural style did Early Christian churches typically follow?

A. Gothic
B. Baroque
C. Byzantine
D. Basilican
**Answer: D**

3. What type of plan was commonly used by Early Christian churches?

A. Circular
B. Rectangular
C. Octagonal
D. Polygonal
**Answer: B**

4. Which characteristic is NOT associated with Early Christian architecture?

A. Simplicity in design
B. Coarseness in execution
C. Elaborate exterior ornamentation
D. Transitional nature
**Answer: C**

5. What was the primary material used for roofing in Early Christian
churches?
A. Marble
B. Glass
C. Timber
D. Copper
**Answer: C**

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 E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
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6. Which part of the Early Christian basilican churches often contained

beautiful glass mosaics?
A. Nave
B. Transept
C. Aisles
D. Apse
**Answer: D**

7. What architectural feature did Early Christian baptisteries commonly

have?
A. Altar
B. Dome
C. Steeple
D. Courtyard
**Answer: B**

8. What was the purpose of the mausoleums in Early Christian architecture?

A. Burial places
B. Places of worship
C. Residential buildings
D. Civic centers
**Answer: A**

9. Which emperor declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman

Empire?
A. Nero
B. Constantine
C. Augustus
D. Julius Caesar
**Answer: B**

10. Which city served as the center of the Roman Empire and became a hub
for Early Christian architecture?
A. Jerusalem
B. Athens
C. Rome
D. Alexandria
**Answer: C**

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 E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
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11. What was the primary purpose of the atrium in Early Christian churches?
A. Place of worship
B. Courtyard for gatherings
C. Baptismal area
D. Altar location
**Answer: B**

12. What architectural element was often used to decorate the columns in
Early Christian churches?
A. Fresco paintings
B. Marble sculptures
C. Glass mosaics
D. Carved capitals
**Answer: D**

13. Which term refers to the area in a church where the transept and the
nave intersect?
A. Crossing
B. Narthex
C. Apse
D. Atrium
**Answer: A**

14. Which material was NOT commonly used in the construction of Early
Christian churches?
A. Stone
B. Concrete
C. Steel
D. Plaster
**Answer: C**

15. What event marked the beginning of Christianity according to its

followers?
A. The Great Fire of Rome
B. The Conversion of Constantine
C. The Resurrection of Jesus
D. The Edict of Milan
**Answer: C**

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 E A R L Y C H R I S T I A N
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16. What did Early Christians commonly use as places of worship before the
construction of formal churches?
A. Temples
B. Basilicas
C. Synagogues
D. House churches
**Answer: D**

17. What was the significance of the mausoleums in Early Christian

architecture?
A. They were used for community gatherings.
B. They served as burial places for prominent individuals.
C. They housed the administrative offices of the church.
D. They were centers for theological study.
**Answer: B**

18. Which architectural style heavily influenced Early Christian architecture?

A. Gothic
B. Roman
C. Renaissance
D. Egyptian
**Answer: B**

19. Which element of Early Christian churches often contained elaborate

mosaic decorations depicting religious scenes?
A. Nave
B. Transept
C. Apse
D. Atrium
**Answer: C**

20. Which emperor is credited with ending the persecution of Christians and
declaring Christianity a legal religion in the Roman Empire?
A. Augustus
B. Nero
C. Trajan
D. Constantine
**Answer: D**

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 E G Y P T I A N
A R C H I T E C T U R E

1. Which civilization is renowned for its architectural marvels like the

Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx?
A. Mesopotamian
B. Egyptian
C. Greek
D. Roman
ANSWER: B

2. What ancient Egyptian architectural element served as a monumental

tomb for pharaohs and was constructed primarily from limestone?
A. Temple
B. Obelisk
C. Pyramid
D. Colonnade
ANSWER: C

3. Which architectural feature characterizes the Great Sphinx of Giza?

A. A lion's body with a human head
B. A winged creature with a lion's head
C. A human figure with a falcon's head
D. A serpent-like creature with multiple heads
ANSWER: A

4. What type of stone was commonly used in ancient Egyptian architecture

due to its availability and ease of carving?
A. Granite
B. Sandstone
C. Marble
D. Basalt
ANSWER: B

5. Which ancient Egyptian architectural structure was dedicated to the

worship of gods and goddesses and often adorned with intricate hieroglyphs
and carvings?
A. Mastaba
B. Ziggurat
C. Obelisk
D. Temple
ANSWER: D

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 E G Y P T I A N
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6. What architectural feature did ancient Egyptians use to symbolize the sun
god Ra, often seen flanking temple entrances?
A. Sphinx
B. Obelisk
C. Pylon
D. Hypostyle hall
ANSWER: B

7. Which Egyptian pharaoh is credited with commissioning the construction

of the Great Pyramid of Giza?
A. Khufu
B. Hatshepsut
C. Tutankhamun
D. Ramesses II
ANSWER: A

8. What architectural innovation allowed ancient Egyptians to construct

massive structures like temples and pyramids?
A. Arch
B. Vault
C. Dome
D. Mortar
ANSWER: D

9. What was the purpose of the causeway in ancient Egyptian pyramid

complexes?
A. It served as a defensive wall surrounding the pyramid.
B. It provided access to the pyramid's interior chambers.
C. It facilitated the transportation of stone during construction.
D. It served as a ceremonial processional route.
ANSWER: D

10. Which architectural element in ancient Egyptian temples represents the

primeval mound from which the earth was believed to have emerged?
A. Hypostyle hall
B. Obelisk
C. Pylon
D. Mastaba
ANSWER: C

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 E G Y P T I A N
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11. What architectural motif was commonly used in ancient Egyptian temples
and tombs to symbolize rebirth and regeneration?
A. Lotus flower
B. Scarab beetle
C. Ankh cross
D. Eye of Horus
ANSWER: B

12. Which architectural feature in ancient Egyptian temples served as an

entrance gate and was often decorated with towering statues of pharaohs
and deities?
A. Colonnade
B. Pylon
C. Hypostyle hall
D. Courtyard
ANSWER: B

13. What was the purpose of the "false door" often found in ancient Egyptian
tombs and temples?
A. To allow sunlight into dark chambers
B. To provide access to hidden passageways
C. To serve as a symbolic portal for the deceased's spirit
D. To display intricate carvings depicting daily life
ANSWER: C

14. What architectural feature in ancient Egyptian temples was characterized

by rows of columns supporting a flat ceiling and was used for ritualistic
purposes?
A. Obelisk
B. Hypostyle hall
C. Mastaba
D. Ziggurat
ANSWER: B

15. Which ancient Egyptian pharaoh ordered the construction of the mortuary
temple known as Deir el-Bahari, featuring a unique terraced design?
A. Akhenaten
B. Amenhotep III
C. Hatshepsut
D. Seti I
ANSWER: C
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 E G Y P T I A N
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16. What architectural element in ancient Egyptian temples symbolized the

horizon where the sun rose and set, representing the cycle of birth and
death?
A. Obelisk
B. Courtyard
C. Pylon
D. False door
ANSWER: A

17. Which ancient Egyptian architectural style is characterized by massive

stone gateways, towering columns, and elaborate relief carvings?
A. Old Kingdom
B. Middle Kingdom
C. New Kingdom
D. Late Period
ANSWER: C

18. What architectural purpose did the "ka" statue serve in ancient Egyptian
tombs?
A. It represented the deceased's soul and ensured their resurrection.
B. It acted as a guardian against evil spirits.
C. It provided a place for offerings and prayers.
D. It served as a marker for the tomb's entrance.
ANSWER: A

19. What architectural innovation allowed ancient Egyptians to create

elaborate burial chambers deep within the pyramids?
A. Ramp systems
B. Pulley systems
C. Corbelled ceilings
D. False chambers
ANSWER: A

20. Which ancient Egyptian architectural site features a complex of temples

dedicated to the worship of various gods, including the famous Temple of
Amun-Ra?
A. Karnak
B. Luxor
C. Abu Simbel
D. Abydos
ANSWER: A
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 G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S

1. Which metal, commonly used in construction during the Gothic period,

allowed for structures to span larger spaces than stone and wood?
A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
ANSWER: B

2. During the Gothic period, which empire was reduced to the area of
Germany?
A. Byzantine Empire
B. Holy Roman Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Spanish Empire
ANSWER: B

3. Which architectural style is often referred to as "Medieval Architecture"?

A. Renaissance
B. Baroque
C. Gothic
D. Neoclassical
ANSWER: C

4. Which European country experienced a prosperous period in agriculture

during the Gothic era due to warm weather and inventions like the windmill
and water-mill?
A. Italy
B. England
C. France
D. Spain
ANSWER: B

5. What event struck Europe from 1347 to 1351, killing half of the population
and being spread by rats and fleas?
A. Black Plague
B. Spanish Flu
C. Cholera Outbreak
D. Typhoid Epidemic
ANSWER: A

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 G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S

6. Which architectural feature of Gothic cathedrals provided a framework for

telling Bible stories through pictures?
A. Stained glass windows
B. Flying buttresses
C. Pointed arches
D. Pinnacles
ANSWER: A

7. Which Gothic architectural style is characterized by flame-like window

tracery or free-flowing tracery?
A. Primaire
B. Secondaire
C. Tertiare
D. Flamboyant
ANSWER: D

8. In England, which architectural style succeeded the Norman style during

the Gothic period?
A. Transitional
B. Early English
C. Decorated
D. Perpendicular
ANSWER: B

9. What was the chief influence on Gothic architecture in Germany?

A. Romanesque style
B. Byzantine architecture
C. French Gothic
D. Moorish design
ANSWER: C

10. Which Gothic cathedral is known for its widest vault in England and its
importance as a medieval building?
A. Salisbury Cathedral
B. Winchester Cathedral
C. York Cathedral
D. Westminster Abbey
ANSWER: D

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 G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S

11. Which country experienced strong Moorish influences in its Gothic

architecture, seen in the use of horseshoe arches and intricate surface
decoration?
A. France
B. Germany
C. Spain
D. Italy
ANSWER: C

12. Which Italian city led the way in terms of art, learning, and commerce
during the Gothic period?
A. Florence
B. Milan
C. Rome
D. Venice
ANSWER: A

13. Which Gothic cathedral in Spain is known for being the largest medieval
church in Europe?
A. Burgos Cathedral
B. Seville Cathedral
C. Gerona Cathedral
D. Toledo Cathedral
ANSWER: B

14. In Gothic architecture, what function did flying buttresses serve?

A. To support the weight of the walls
B. To provide entrance to the cathedrals
C. To protect against enemy attacks
D. To adorn the exterior with sculptures
ANSWER: A

15. Which Gothic architectural style in England is known for its "Geometrical"
window tracery?
A. Early English
B. Decorated
C. Perpendicular
D. Transitional
ANSWER: B

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 G O T H I C I N F L U E N C E S

16. What feature distinguished hall churches from other Gothic churches?
A. Equal height of nave and aisle
B. Ornate western towers
C. Sculptured doorways
D. Circular windows
ANSWER: A

17. Which Gothic cathedral in France is known for its central wheel window
and two western towers with high pointed louvred openings?
A. Chartres Cathedral
B. Amiens Cathedral
C. Reims Cathedral
D. Notre Dame, Paris
ANSWER: D

18. Which architectural feature became a symbol of civic pride and

contributed to the Italian character of Gothic cathedrals?
A. Flying buttresses
B. Pointed arches
C. Stained glass windows
D. Projecting entrance porches
ANSWER: D

19. Which Gothic architectural style in England is equivalent to the French

"Flamboyant" style?
A. Transitional
B. Early English
C. Decorated
D. Perpendicular
ANSWER: C

20. Which Gothic cathedral in Italy is known for its peculiar Latin cross plan
and distinctive zebra marble striping on the wall?
A. Florence Cathedral
B. Milan Cathedral
C. Siena Cathedral
D. Pisa Cathedral
ANSWER: C

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 G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E

1. Which architectural element did Greek architects initially use before

transitioning to stone?
A. Wood
B. Mudbrick
C. Iron
D. Aluminum
Answer: A

2. What term is used to describe the outward bulging in the middle of Greek
columns?
A. Entasis
B. Acropolis
C. Doric
D. Volutes
Answer: A

3. What is the purpose of Greek temples, unlike modern churches or

mosques?
A. Community gatherings
B. Housing for priests
C. Homes for the community’s god or goddess
D. Educational centers
Answer: C

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three classical orders?

A. Corinthian
B. Ionic
C. Gothic
D. Doric
Answer: C

5. Which Greek temple had both a front and back porch, as well as a
colonnade surrounding the entire structure?
A. Temple of Hera
B. Parthenon
C. Temple of Athena Nike
D. Erechtheum
Answer: B

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 G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E

6. What is the monumental entry point to the Athenian Acropolis called?

A. Parthenon
B. Propylaea
C. Erechtheum
D. Antifixae
Answer: B

7. What is the ratio of height to diameter of the columns in the Temple of

Athena Nike?
A. 9:1
B. 10:1
C. 7:1
D. 6:1
Answer: C

8. Which temple on the Athenian Acropolis is dedicated to Athena Polias and

Poseidon Erechtheus?
A. Temple of Hera
B. Parthenon
C. Temple of Athena Nike
D. Erechtheum
Answer: D

9. What is the most distinctive element of the Erechtheum?

A. Porch of the Maidens
B. Tympanum
C. Antifixae
D. Volutes
Answer: A

10. Which Hellenistic building broke completely with traditional Greek

architectural style?
A. Temple of Athena Nike
B. Erechtheum
C. Great Altar of Pergamum
D. Parthenon
Answer: C

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 G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E

11. What is the primary feature of the Great Altar of Pergamum that
distinguishes it from traditional Greek architecture?
A. Doric columns
B. Raised frieze
C. Ionic capitals
D. Corinthian order
Answer: B

12. What impact did Greek architecture have on the Romans?

A. They ignored it completely.
B. They adopted it as an ideal without modification.
C. They modified it to meet their practical needs.
D. They destroyed all Greek architectural structures.
Answer: C

13. What elements of Greek architecture are still visible in modern structures?
A. Gothic arches
B. Egyptian pyramids
C. Corinthian columns
D. Roman aqueducts
Answer: C

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of a Greek temple?
A. Stylobate
B. Acropolis
C. Entablature
D. Pediment
Answer: B

15. What is the purpose of the triglyph in Greek architecture?

A. Decorative element
B. Structural support
C. Roofing material
D. Entrance marker
Answer: B

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 G R E E K A R C H I T E C T U R E

16. What architectural feature serves as the tabletop of a Greek temple?

A. Entablature
B. Stylobate
C. Pediment
D. Frieze
Answer: A

17. Which classical order has a plain capital and no base?

A. Doric
B. Ionic
C. Corinthian
D. Tuscan
Answer: A

18. What was the primary material used in early Greek architecture?
A. Stone
B. Marble
C. Wood
D. Bronze
Answer: C

19. What is the main difference between Doric and Ionic columns?
A. Capital design
B. Shaft thickness
C. Presence of a base
D. Height-to-diameter ratio
Answer: A

20. What architectural form did grander temples, like the Parthenon,
typically follow?
A. Dipteral
B. Trabeated
C. Peripteral
D. Monolithic
Answer: C

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 R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E

1. Which material was commonly used by Roman engineers to construct

bridges that could span wide distances?
A. Stone
B. Aluminum
C. Iron
D. Wood
**Answer: C**

2. What was the primary architectural feature adopted by Romans from the
Etruscans for constructing walls without external supports?
A. Buttresses
B. Arches
C. Lintels
D. Columns
**Answer: B**

3. What material did Romans often use for constructing their aqueducts to
transport water to cities?
A. Marble
B. Concrete
C. Copper
D. Zinc
**Answer: B**

4. What was the central public space in Roman cities, often surrounded by
important buildings and used for various activities?
A. Amphitheater
B. Circus
C. Forum
D. Basilica
**Answer: C**

5. Which Roman building was primarily used for legal and administrative
purposes and featured a central nave higher than its side naves?
A. Temple
B. Domus
C. Basilica
D. Insula
**Answer: C**

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 R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E

6. What was the main purpose of Roman baths, which often included rooms
like the frigidarium and tepidarium?
A. Entertainment
B. Worship
C. Social gatherings
D. Personal hygiene
**Answer: D**

7. Which architectural element was characteristic of Roman domus and often

provided light to adjacent rooms?
A. Atrium
B. Peristylium
C. Tablinum
D. Exedra
**Answer: A**

8. Which Roman structure was specifically designed for horse races and
chariot competitions?
A. Amphitheater
B. Circus
C. Theater
D. Forum
**Answer: B**

9. What was the primary function of a Roman triumphal arch?

A. Defensive fortification
B. Water transportation
C. Commemorating victories
D. Religious worship
**Answer: C**

10. Which material was commonly used by Romans to create intricate mosaic
artworks?
A. Stone
B. Glass
C. Marble
D. Wood
**Answer: B**

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11. What was the primary purpose of Roman insulae?

A. Religious worship
B. Public gatherings
C. Residential housing
D. Legal proceedings
**Answer: C**

12. Which Roman structure was primarily used for gladiatorial contests and
other forms of entertainment?
A. Basilica
B. Domus
C. Circus
D. Forum
**Answer: C**

13. What architectural innovation allowed Romans to construct vaults of

considerable magnitude without intermediate supports?
A. Buttresses
B. Arches
C. Columns
D. Trusses
**Answer: B**

14. Which Roman emperor initiated the construction of the Pantheon in Rome,
known for its hemispherical dome?
A. Augustus
B. Trajan
C. Hadrian
D. Nero
**Answer: C**

15. What was the primary purpose of Roman aqueducts?

A. Transportation of goods
B. Defense of cities
C. Drainage of marshes
D. Transporting water to cities
**Answer: D**

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 R O M A N A R C H I T E C T U R E

16. Which material, commonly used by Romans, facilitated the construction of

complex architectural structures such as vaults and domes?
A. Concrete
B. Marble
C. Wood
D. Limestone
**Answer: A**

17. What was the distinguishing feature of a Roman triumphal arch compared
to other architectural structures?
A. Large central courtyard
B. Decorative mosaic floors
C. Inscriptions commemorating victories
D. Water features
**Answer: C**

18. Which Roman structure served as a central gathering space for political,
economic, and social activities in cities?
A. Basilica
B. Domus
C. Circus
D. Amphitheater
**Answer: A**

19. What distinguished the construction style of Roman bridges from those
built by other civilizations?
A. Pointed arches
B. Wide roadways
C. Use of iron reinforcements
D. Lack of external supports
**Answer: D**

20. Which architectural order, introduced by Romans in 100 AD, combined

elements of both Ionic and Corinthian styles?
A. Tuscan Order
B. Composite Order
C. Doric Order
D. Corinthian Order
**Answer: B**

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 P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E

1. Which material, commonly used in early construction, was predominantly

utilized in the Paleolithic period due to its availability and ease of shaping?
A. Stone
B. Wood
C. Bone
D. Animal skins

2. What major development allowed humans to settle in permanent villages

during the Neolithic period?
A. Invention of agriculture
B. Domestication of animals
C. Invention of pottery
D. Discovery of fire

3. Which architectural form, characterized by a single large upright monolith,

served religious purposes and could be arranged in rows stretching over
several miles?
A. Menhir
B. Dolmen
C. Cromlech
D. Tumulus

4. What was the primary purpose of Stonehenge, one of the most famous
prehistoric monuments?
A. Burial site
B. Solar observatory
C. Agricultural calendar
D. Defensive fortress

5. In which region were the most significant examples of megalithic

architecture found, particularly in sites like Carnac and Stonehenge?
A. Africa
B. South America
C. Europe
D. Asia

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 P R E M I T I V E
A R C H I T E C T U R E

6. What type of dwelling was characterized by a conical tent with wooden

poles as a framework, often associated with Native American tribes?
A. Wigwam
B. Hogan
C. Igloo
D. Trullo

7. Which architectural feature distinguishes a dolmen from other megalithic

structures?
A. Large upright monoliths
B. Circular enclosure formed by stones
C. Tomb capped with a horizontal slab
D. Corridor leading to an underground chamber

8. What was one of the significant contributions of the Paleolithic period to

human development?
A. Invention of the wheel
B. Development of spoken language
C. Introduction of metalworking
D. Establishment of permanent settlements

9. What material was commonly used in the construction of primitive

dwellings, characterized by dry-walled rough stone shelters with corbelled
roofs?
A. Mud
B. Wood
C. Bamboo
D. Stone

10. Which architectural feature of Stonehenge aligns with the sun's path
during sunrise on Midsummer Day, serving as a solar observatory?
A. Outer ring
B. Inner ring
C. Horseshoe-shaped ring
D. Megalithic trilithons

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11. Which architectural form is described as an enclosure formed by huge

stones planted on the ground in a circular form?
A. Menhir
B. Dolmen
C. Cromlech
D. Tumulus

12. What type of house was built by the Inuit (Eskimo) people using hard-
packed snow blocks constructed spirally?
A. Wigwam
B. Hogan
C. Igloo
D. Trullo

13. What was the primary building material for the construction of Trullo, a
dry-walled rough stone shelter with a corbelled roof?
A. Mud
B. Stone
C. Timber
D. Bamboo

14. What significant role did the development of agriculture play in human
history during the Neolithic period?
A. Allowed for permanent settlements
B. Enabled long-distance trade
C. Led to the invention of writing
D. Facilitated the construction of megalithic structures

15. Which architectural feature of Stonehenge is believed to have been

transported from Wales, approximately 200 km away?
A. Menhir
B. Dolmen
C. Megaliths
D. Cromlech

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16. What type of dwelling was characterized by a primitive Indian structure of

joined logs covered with rush mats and an animal skin door?
A. Wigwam
B. Hogan
C. Igloo
D. Trullo

17. Which period saw the rise of organized governments, job specialization,
and the growth of social diseases?
A. Paleolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Early Civilization
D. Mesolithic

18. What was the primary function of a tumulus or passage grave, a dominant
tomb type found in prehistoric architecture?
A. Solar observation
B. Religious ceremonies
C. Burial chamber
D. Agricultural rituals

19. Which architectural form served as a tomb of standing stones usually

capped with a large horizontal slab?
A. Menhir
B. Dolmen
C. Cromlech
D. Tumulus

20. What significant development allowed humans to spread from Africa into
Southern Europe and Asia during prehistoric times?
A. Invention of agriculture
B. Domestication of animals
C. Use of fire
D. Development of spoken language

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1. What material was commonly used in Romanesque architecture to span

larger spaces than stone and wood construction?
A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
**Answer: B**

2. Which element of Romanesque architecture was influenced by Byzantine

art carried westwards along trade routes?
A. Roof design
B. Decorative patterns
C. Columns
D. Openings
**Answer: B**

3. Which geographical factor contributed to differences in Romanesque

architecture north and south of the Alps and Pyrenees?
A. Local materials
B. Climatic conditions
C. Influence of Byzantine art
D. Religious fervor
**Answer: B**

4. What characterized the walls in Romanesque architecture, providing

support for stone roofs?
A. Thin walls
B. Groin and barrel vaults
C. Thick walls
D. Large towers
**Answer: C**

5. What feature of Romanesque architecture contributed to dark interiors

due to massive walls dictating small windows?
A. Decorative arcading
B. Large towers
C. Sturdy piers
D. Small windows
**Answer: D**

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6. What were some distinctive features of Romanesque columns?

A. Paired and decorated
B. Fluted
C. Decorative arcading
D. Small windows
**Answer: A**

7. Which decorative patterns were commonly found in Romanesque

architecture?
A. Chevron
B. Billet molding
C. Star
D. All of the above
**Answer: D**

8. What architectural elements were typically found in Romanesque

doorways?
A. Groin and barrel vaults
B. Blind arcade
C. Tympanum
D. Historiated capitals
**Answer: C**

9. Which architectural style is characterized by thick walls, round arches, and

large towers?
A. Romanesque
B. Gothic
C. Renaissance
D. Baroque
**Answer: A**

10. What architectural feature was introduced in Romanesque architecture,

typically found at the intersection of the nave and transept?
A. Wheel window
B. Fresco paintings
C. Groin vaults
D. Dome
**Answer: D**

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11. What distinguishes Romanesque capitals from other architectural styles?

A. Elaborate carvings
B. Historiated figures
C. Blocky, earthbound appearance
D. Ribbed vaults
**Answer: C**

12. What is the significance of historiated capitals in Romanesque

architecture?
A. They depict scenes from Roman history
B. They symbolize religious concepts
C. They are carved with intricate patterns
D. They feature figures of animals and humans
**Answer: B**

13. How did religion influence the development of Romanesque architecture?

A. By promoting secular construction projects
B. By fostering art and learning within religious orders
C. By discouraging the use of local materials
D. By prioritizing military fortifications over church buildings
**Answer: B**

14. Which region in Italy was known for its rich and colorful Romanesque
architecture, influenced by Byzantine and Muslim designs?
A. Southern Italy
B. Central Italy
C. Northern Italy
D. Eastern Italy
**Answer: A**

15. Which architectural style is considered the first distinctive style to spread
across Europe since the Roman Empire?
A. Gothic
B. Renaissance
C. Romanesque
D. Baroque
**Answer: C**

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16. What characterized the plans used by Romanesque churches?

A. Circular plan
B. Latin cross plan
C. Square plan
D. Hexagonal plan
**Answer: B**

17. What were some typical features of Romanesque fortifications and town
walls?
A. Ribbed vaults
B. Flying buttresses
C. Castles with stone curtain walls
D. Timber-framed roofs
**Answer: C**

18. Which Romanesque cathedral is known for its leaning tower?

A. Durham Cathedral
B. Santiago de Compostela
C. Pisa Cathedral
D. St. Denis Cathedral
**Answer: C**

19. What were some of the functions of medieval monasteries beyond

religious worship?
A. Providing education and medical care
B. Serving as military outposts
C. Hosting cultural festivals
D. Conducting trade with neighboring cities
**Answer: A**

20. Which architectural style was marked by a revival of large-scale

construction following a period of minimal building activity between the
reign of Charlemagne and the Romanesque era?
A. Gothic
B. Renaissance
C. Romanesque
D. Baroque
**Answer: C**

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