PARTS OF SPEECH

(NOUN, PREPOSITION)

Desty Ervira Puspaningtyas, S.Gz.,M.P.H., Dietisien

Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
 NOUNS
• A noun: person, place, thing, or idea. Example: teacher, school,
book, color, life, truth.
• Has determiners:
With Count Nouns With Non-Count Nouns
a (an), the, some*, any* the, some*, any*
this, that, these, those this, that
none, one, two, three none
many, several much (usually in negatives or questions)
a lot of, a couple of a lot of
a large number of a large amount of
a great number of a great deal of
a few a little
fewer ….. than less …. than
more …. than more…. than
*Some: affirmative sentences, *Any: negative sentences and questions,
• Has suffix: -ion (generation), -ity (flexibility), -ness (happiness),
-ment (development), -ance/-ence (freelance).
• Function:
• Subject and or object
• Complement

EXERCISE: CHOOSE THE CORRECT DETERMINER

• I would like (a few/ a little) salt on my vegetables.

• She doesn’t want (these/ this) water.
• There are (less/ fewer) students in this room than in the
next room.
• Would you like (less/ fewer) coffee than this?
 NOUNS

Common • Not-specific noun

Nouns • Example: man, country, statue

• Names a particular person, place, or thing

Proper
Nouns • Begin with capital letters (Example: Tom
Cruise, Indonesia, Statue of Sudirman)

• Words that end in –ing.

Gerunds • Example: Swimming is my hobby; I enjoy
cooking.
 NOUNS
• Nouns that you can count. It can be singular or plural.
Count • May be preceded by a/an in the singular. Ex: an apple,
a banana.
Nouns • Takes a final –s/-es in the plural. Ex: some apples, some
bananas, two apples, two bananas.

• A non-count noun is one that cannot be counted.

• Is not immediately preceded by a/an. Ex: furniture,
food, equipment, garbage, junk, mail, money, scenery,
traffic.
• Has no plural form, so does not take a final –s/-es. Ex:
Noncount food, jewelry, some sugar, two glasses of water, a lot of
bread.
Nouns • Many non-count nouns are abstractions. Ex: luck,
confidence, education, happiness, truth, wealth, advice,
information, evidence, proof, time, work.
• A phenomenon of nature is frequently used as non-
count noun. Ex: sunshine, weather, fog, heat, humidity,
rain, wind, gravity.
 NOUNS
• The plural of most nouns is formed by adding final –s.
Ex: song – songs.
• Final –es is added to nouns that end in –sh, -ch, -s, -z,
and –x. Ex: box – boxes.
Regular • Some nouns that end in –o add –es and –s to form the
plural. Ex: hero – heroes, kilo – kilos.
Plural
• Some nouns that end in –f or –fe are changed to –ves
Nouns to form the plural. Ex: leaf – leaves, knife – knives.
• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Ex: deer – deer, fish – fish, means – means, offspring –
offspring, series – series, sheep – sheep, shrimp –
shrimp, species – species.
• The nouns have irregular plural forms that do not end
in –s. Ex: man – men, woman – women, child – children,
Irregular ox – oxen, foot – feet, goose – geese, tooth – teeth,
mouse – mice, louse – lice.
Plural • Some nouns that English has borrowed from other
Nouns languages have foreign plurals. Ex: formula – formulae/
formulas, bacterium – bacteria, curriculum – curricula,
datum – data, medium – media, thesis – theses.
 EXERCISE: FIND THE NOUNS IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
(10 COMMON NOUNS AND TWO PROPER NOUNS)

1. Teaching is a profession that brings great satisfaction.

2. Quebec is a province in eastern Canada.
3. I usually get my best ideas in my dreams.
4. Experience is the best teacher.
5. Exercising immediately after eating is unwise.

EXERCISE: CORRECT THESE SENTENCES BELOW

1. I had chickens and rices for dinner last night.
2. I drank two glass of milk.
3. I put some banana peel, empty juice cartons, and broken bottle in
the waste can.
4. The air is full of smoke, dust, carbon monoxide, and many other
harmful substance.
 PREPOSITIONS
• A preposition: shows relationship (direction, time,
location, or ownership).
• Types:
• one word,
• two words,
• three words.
PREPOSITIONS
• One word: about, above, across, after, against,
along, among, around, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, despite,
down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like,
near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, since,
through, throughout, till, to, toward, under,
underneath, unlike, until, up, upon, with, within,
without.
PREPOSITIONS
• Two words: according to, along with, because of, due to,
except for, instead of, near to, out of.
• Three words: as well as, in addition to, in back of, in front
of, in spite of.
PATTERNS OF PREPOSITIONS
• Preposition + Noun/ NP → prepositional phrase
• The library is on this floor.
• It is unusual to see a person with green eyes.
• Verb + Preposition → phrasal verbs
• look up, look out, look down, look forward to, look after,
look for
• Adjective + Preposition
• good at, happy about, tired of, interested in, married to
PREPOSITION, INFINITIVE, SUBORDINATOR
• We went to the supermarket to buy some fruits.
• We went shopping after we ate lunch.
• We went shopping after lunch.
 EXERCISE: FIND AND UNDERLINE 12 PREPOSITIONS
IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. I usually buy a parking permit for my car before the first day
of school.
2. Unfortunately, I was so busy that I forgot to buy one at the
beginning of the semester.
3. On the first day of school, I walked out of the building after
class and saw a police officer standing next to my car.
4. She was putting a ticket on the glass under the windshield
wipers.
THANK YOU