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By the Book Writing’s

Research
Manual
For the Student

MLA Format
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Research Manual
MLA Format

Written by Rusty Gorby

By the Book Writing Publishers

Grapevine, TX
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Research Manual for the Student MLA Format

Copyright © 2020 written by Rusty Gorby
Addressed to By the Book Writing Publishers, P.O. Box 4, Grapevine, TX 76099

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT POLICY

All of the explanations, directions, and other content contained in these pages are
copyrighted materials owned by By the Book Writing. Please DO NOT reproduce
any of these materials in hard copy or electronic form.

Families who purchase these materials may make as many copies of this text
WITHIN THEIR FAMILY ONLY.

Co-ops or schools who wish to purchase By the Book Writing materials should
contact us at Rgorby1@aol.com for bulk purchasing options.

Co-ops and schools MAY NOT photocopy, e-mail or reproduce ANY PORTION
of this text or of the teacher key without permission.
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Instructions for Using

By the Book’s Research Manual

Note from the Author:

I have enjoyed putting this Research Manual together for you. Simplifying the process of
writing a research paper has always been my teaching goal so that my students would possibly
enjoy the process that so many have dreaded. By following a 12-Step process, any student can
have success. Enjoy the journey!

Note for the Teacher:

The Lesson Plans always seem clear to the teacher who wrote them, but please email me
if you have any questions (rgorby1@aol.com). To keep instruction simple, the page numbers in
the Research Manual For the Teacher correspond with the Research Manual For the Student.
To give your student(s) the proper workload, you will find Age-Appropriate Guidelines
for Research Papers at the beginning of this book.
The Lesson Plans are embedded in the Research Manual For the Teacher right before the
handouts that the student will use in each lesson. In the Research Manual For the Teacher, the
Lesson Plans are numbered with lowercase letters. [For example, Lesson #1 is numbered 1a and
1b before the handouts that correspond with the Research Manual For the Student.]

Each lesson will be broken into the following parts:

 Goal—the goal of the lesson for the student
 Business—any business the teacher should accomplish with the student
 Focus—an activity that will focus the student to learn the goal(s) of the lesson
 Handout—name and page number(s) of handout(s) in lesson
 Lesson—instructions for the teacher
 Class Activity—an activity to reinforce goal and lesson
 Assignment—the homework for the student
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Table of Contents (Student Edition)

Pages
1-3 Steps for Writing a Research Paper and due dates
4 Making the Links Page and Assignment 1
5-11 Steps for Using Easybib.com, Easybib (the add-on in Google Docs.) and Google
Scholar
12 Sample Works Cited Entries for Printed Sources (books)
13 Sample Works Cited Entries for Printed Sources (books, encyclopedias, reference
books, and dictionary
14 Sample Works Cited Entries for a periodical, unpublished work, miscellaneous
15 Sample Works Cited Entries for unpublished work, miscellaneous
16 Sample Works Cited Entries for Electronic Sources (online book, article, pdf )
17 Sample Works Cited Entries for Electronic Sources (Youtube/online video,
newspapers, journals)
18 Sample Works Cited Entries for Electronic Sources (newspapers, abstracts, emails)
19 Sample Works Cited Entries for encyclopedias and more
20 Sample Works Cited page and steps for writing a Works Cited and Assignment 2
21 What do I take notes on?
22 Note Card Template
23, 24 Note Taking from the Sources and Assignment 3
25, 26 Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing and Assignment 4
27, 28 Writing the Thesis Statement and Assignment 5
29, 30 Checking Note Cards, From Note Cards to Outline, and Points About the Outline
31-33 Sample Outline and Assignment 6
34 More Notes and Revised Outline
35, 36 Introductory Paragraph Worksheet and Assignment 7
37, 38 Planning and Writing the Rough Draft, Body of the Paper
39, 40 Body Paragraph Format
41 Citing sources with parenthetical documentation for information that is
common knowledge, paraphrased, or directly quoted
42 Citing short and long quotations and Assignment 8
43, 44 Quotations within quotations, quoting 2 or more paragraphs and Models for

i
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Parenthetical Documentation (books, articles, repeated sources and titles)
45 Quotations from poetry and drama
46 Including Ellipsis
47 Footnoting and End Noting
48-52 Sample Paper: “A Light in the Midst of Darkness” and Assignment 9
53, 54 Incorporating Quotations
55 Concluding Paragraph Worksheet and Assignment 10
56 Final Works Cited page
57, 58 The First Level of Editing
59, 60 Making the Final Copy With MLA Title Page and MLA Form for First Page
61 MLA Format Without a Title Page and Assignment 11
62 Punctuation Tips
63 How Not “To Be” Passive
64-67 Level 2 Editing Time! and Assignment 12

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 SAMPLE
Steps for Writing a Research Paper
1. Choose a topic. _____________________________________
Check for books, magazines, and sources in the library/Internet on the topic ASAP.
2. Make a Links Page/ Use Google Scholar.
3. Prepare a rough draft Works Cited with Easybib.com. _____printed ______ electronic (# of source)
4. Read extensively, and take notes on note cards (5x7 or larger). _________(# of note cards)
5. Sort the note cards.
6. Make a trial outline following the format shown in class.
7. Read and take more notes on weak areas.
8. Revise the outline including newly found information.
9. Write the rough draft using parenthetical documentation.
10. Proofread the draft.
11. Revise the rough draft, and update the Works Cited page. (Level 1 Editing)
12. Proofread again to make a final copy (in MLA format) of which you are proud. (Level 2 Editing)

DUE DATES

Links Page due _________________

Works Cited (___ sources) due _________________

Note Cards (____+) due _________________

Outline due _________________

Rough Draft due _________________

Final Copy (plus title page and works cited) due _________________

Annotated Steps for Writing a Research Paper:

(See handouts in each section of your Research Handbook.)

1. Choose a topic: Your teacher will give you specific instructions for choosing a topic. Before you
make a decision on your topic, search on the Internet, or go to the library to find out how much
information is actually available on your possible topics. Choose the topic on which you can find
the most information.

2. Make a Links Page/Take a picture of title page:

Google Scholar is always the preferred data base because it is more credible than Google.
When you find a book, Internet source, article, encyclopedia, or some other source with
information on your topic, STOP! If you find an Internet source, copy the URL to a Links Page.
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 SAMPLE
[A Links Page is a list of the URLs of your sources from the Browser of your computer. You may
paste these to a document on your computer that you will eventually make into the Works Cited
page.] If you find a book in print, make an old fashioned bibliography card, or take a picture of
the title page and copyright date on the back of the title page. You will eventually plug this link or
information into Easybib.com to generate the MLA bibliography format for the sources. This does
not necessarily mean that you will have to use all of these sources in your paper. You will be
organizing possible sources to obtain information on your topic. You will use the Links Page to
make your Works Cited page. You must have the specified number of sources. In fact, number
your sources for note taking purposes. We will alphabetize them and get rid of the numbering
when we make the Works Cited page.

3. Prepare the Works Cited from the Links Page/Easybib.com or Bibliography Cards:
The works cited section of your paper should list all the works that you have used in your paper.
You will simply copy this information from Easybib.com/Easybib Add-on in your Google doc or
from your bibliography cards. If you use Google Scholar (preferred to Google), you will find the
MLA format when you click on the large double quotation marks (See handouts in Step 3.)
Number the sources for note taking purposes, but be sure to alphabetize your sources and
remove the numbering before turning in the Works Cited page. The Works Cited page appears
at the end of the paper. The Works Cited page will be modified throughout the research process.
You will get rid of a source or find new ones.

4. Read extensively and take notes on note cards: Purchase 4x6 index cards, or use ½ sheets of
typing paper for the purpose of taking notes. At the top of each card, the following information
should be written: (1) A subject heading (slug) should be written in the upper left hand corner.
(2) The number of the source/bibliography card from which you are obtaining information
should be written in the upper right hand corner. (3) The page number of the source should go
just below the bibliography card number. (4) The information you want to write on the card
should then be written on the card. It is very important that you do not plagiarize. Avoid “read a
little/write a little” technique in taking notes. Read awhile before taking notes.

5. Sort the note cards: After you have written all your note cards, sort them and arrange them in
order according to subject headings. It would be an excellent idea to number them in order at this
time.

6. Make the trial outline: This should be done when you have finished taking notes on your note
cards. Your outline should be a parallel topic outline or a sentence outline. Underneath the title of
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your outline, you should have a thesis statement. The thesis statement is a statement introducing
your paper.

7. Read and take more notes on weak areas: After you have finished your trial outline, you may
find that you need more information on some areas of your topic. If this is the case, read and take
more notes as needed.

8. Revise the outline: Make sure that your outline is either a parallel topic outline or a sentence
outline.

9. Write a rough draft with parenthetical documentation: At this time you will do the actual
writing of your paper. Give parenthetical documentation for direct quotes, for paraphrased
opinions, for specific facts that are not common knowledge. When in doubt, give documentation.

10. Proofread the paper: After you type the rough draft, proofread carefully for mistakes in spelling
or usage. Check for any errors in mechanics and correct them on the rough draft. Make sure the
information is clear and concise. It would be wise to have a parent or older sibling edit/revise
your draft, as well as have a peer edit in class or online. To review comma and semicolon rules,
see the Punctuation Tips handout in section 10.

11. Revise the paper: After making corrections on your draft, it will be time to make your final
copy.
Update the Works Cited page: See your packet for correct Works Cited format. Remove the
numbering system, and alphabetize your sources. Omit “The” when alphabetizing. Remember that
titles that begin with a number will alphabetize before sources starting with an “A.”
Place the paper in this order:
a. Title Page (Sometimes teachers do not require a title page.)
b. Final Outline (Sometimes teachers do not require an outline.)
c. The Text of Paper
d. Works Cited

12. Proofread again, and make a final copy of which you are proud: Make sure that you have no
run-ons or fragments. Try to write in active voice as much as possible. Write rhythmically. (See
handouts to better understand this Level 2 editing.)

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 STEPS 1 AND 2: Topic and Links Page SAMPLE
STEPS 1 AND 2:
1. Do steps 1 and 2 of the handout “Steps to Writing a Research Paper.”
2. Choose a topic. Make sure that your teacher approves your topic.
3. Find the required number of sources on the Internet or in a printed source.
4. Make a Links Page for the Internet sources and printed sources you find.

Making a Links Page

1. Open a blank Word doc./Google doc., and name it Links Page.

2. After you have found a source you like for your topic, paste the link from
your browser window onto your Word doc./Google doc. Notice when the
link is underlined, it is a hyperlink. If you click on a hyperlink, your
computer will go to that source. This will be helpful when you make the
Works Cited page and when you take notes. You will use Easybib.com to
write the bibliographies for your Internet sources.

3. If you find a printed source (Ex. a book) at the library, use the format
discussed in your Research Manual on pages 12-15.
__________________________________________________________
Links Page

1. http://www.cslewis.com/us/

2. http://www.cslewis.org/resource/cslewis/

3.

4.

LESSON 1 ASSIGNMENT: Complete Step 1 and 2 on the Steps for Writing

a Research Paper (pg.1). Discuss the topic choice with your teacher to make sure
that it is age-appropriate. Find the assigned number of sources on the Internet or at
the library and make a Links Page for the sources found. If you find a book about
a person, event or issue, make sure that you have the book available to do lesson 2.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

Steps for Using Easybib.com

Here are the steps to make a Works Cited page,

instead of making old-fashioned bibliography cards:
1. Find a source about your author on the Internet.
2. Copy the website link from the browser.
3. Open another tab, and go to easybib.com.
4. Click on the one for websites.
5. Choose MLA8 or the newest version.

6. Paste your website link into the space given on Easybib.com, and click on “Cite It.”

7. Click on “Cite It.”

8. Click on “Continue to the final step!”

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

MLA Format is constantly changing, so use citation

machines like Easybib.com to keep you up to date.

9. Click on “Create Citation.”

10. Then, you will see the bibliography in the window.

11. Copy and paste it to your Works Cited document.

12. Your Works Cited should be double spaced and alphabetized. See your Research
Handbook for the sample Works Cited page.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

Steps for Using Easybib Google Doc Add-on Option:

1. Open a Google document, and click on “Add-ons.”

2. Click on “Get add-ons,” and choose the orange EasyBib add-on to install.
[When you are downloading the add-on, the prompt will ask you if you are 18,
and it will ask for your email address. Make sure that your teacher/parent is okay
with you downloading the add-on.]

3. After you download the Easybib add-on, click on “Manage Bibliography.”

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

4. The Easybib add-on should appear on the right side of your Google doc.

5. After you find a source online, copy the URL in the browser window.

6. Then, before you paste the URL of the browser in the Easybib add-on, click on
“Website.” [If you have a Book or a Journal, you would click the corresponding
tab.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

7. Click “Search” to generate the bibliography. Then, click “Select” to choose the
source.

8. To start your Works Cited page, click on the red tab “Add Bibliography To Doc.”

9. Last, you should see the Works Cited appear on your Google Doc. As you add
sources, your Works Cited

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

Steps for Using Google Scholar:

1. Search for Google Scholar.

2. Type your topic in the browser window. Be specific.

3. Read descriptions of article to find your topic.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

4. Click on the double quotation marks to pull up the formatting options.

5. Copy the format that your teacher requires. We are using MLA format.

6. Paste your bibliography onto your Works Cited. Use correct MLA format. You will
need to double space the source and indent (1 tab) the 2nd, 3rd, etc. lines.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
Printed Sources
Sample Works Cited Entries
If you are using sources that may not be on the Internet, it is helpful to have the MLA
format for them. Below are sample bibliographies for printed sources. Be aware that you may use
Easybib.com for printed sources too, but sometimes Easybib.com will not have your printed source
in your system.
The form your source takes depends on the kind of source you use. The type of
source is identified at the left of each entry below. Pay particular attention to the
following items: indentions, punctuation, capitalization, order of author’s first and last
names, and order of necessary information.
Normally, every source cited in your text must also be given in your reference list,
and vice versa. Use the following forms for entries in a reference list. Alphabetize
according to the last name or author (or first author, if there are two or more). Indent
the second and any additional lines of each entry one-half inch in MLA style.
To save space, the sample reference forms below were not double-spaced. On
your works cited page, you should double-space every line. Do NOT single space within
the lines of source entries or between the lines of separate sources.
BOOKS
1. Book with one author Author's last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher,
Date of Publication.
Gorby, Katie. When I Was a Girl . Johnson’s Press, 2013.

2. Books with two or Carrico, William G., and Justin Marks. Enjoying Times With
(Put authors in order given) Papa. Phillips Publishing, 1999.

three authors Duke, Karine, Nelly West, and Margaret Rogers.

(Put authors in order given) Making Cookies. Bantam, 1978.

3. Book with more Carson, Rusty, et al. The Beavers. Time, 1963.
than three authors

4. Book written with Twain, Mark (S.L. Clemens). The Adventures of

a pseudonym Huckleberry Finn. Scribner’s, 1984.

5. Book with author Young, Peter X. Hibachi Cookery. Ed.

and editor/translator Marilyn Peterson. Petroleum Press, 1977.

6. Book with editor Kline, D.R., Ed. Chinese Art. Hanover, 1989.
as “author”
7. Translation Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Samuel Butler.
Black, 1942.
8. Edition Field, Mindy Carol. Teaching Language
Arts Today. 2nd ed. 2 vols., Heath, 1994.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 12

 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
9. Bible The New English Bible. Oxford and Cambridge, 1970.

The Bible. New American Standard Version.

The New English Bible, with the Appocrypha.
Oxford Study Edition. Oxford UP, 1976.

10. Review of a book in Scribner, Charles, Ill. “Introduction.” In The Great

the book itself : Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. MacMillan,
Forward, Introduction, 1980, pp. vii-xx.
Preface, or Afterword
11. Book in a series Fielding, Henry. The History of Tom Jones.
Britannica, 1992. Great Books of the Western.
World 37.

12. Chapter by one Braxton, S. J. “Imagery in Hamlet.” The Artistry

author in a work of Shakespeare. Ed. E.L. Gentry. Genius,
edited by another 1996, pp. 231-245.
13. Books in several Fennigan, Dan A. The Collected Essays of Dan Fielder.
2 vols., Roberts Inc., 1971.

14. Essay or article in Agee, James. “Comedy’s Greatest Era.” The

a collection Open Forum: Essays of Our Time. Ed. Alfred
Kazin. 3rd ed., Harcourt, 1970, pp. 339-357.

15. Report, pamphlet United States. Department of Energy. Tips for

bulletin or government Energy Savers. GPO, 1992.
publication (GPO means Government Printing Office.)

ENCYCLOPEDIA/REFERENCE/DICTIONARY

16. Article in a general Patrick, Susan K. “Lincoln, Abraham.”

encyclopedia, author Encyclopedia Americana. 1988 ed.
given
17. Article in an ency- “Taylor, Zachary.” Encyclopedia Americana.
clopedia, no author 2004 ed.
given
18. Article in a reference Buell, Lawrence. “Ralph Waldo Emerson.”
work, author given Dictionary of Literary Biography. 1998 ed.
19. Article in a reference “Peretti, Frank.” Contemporary Authors.
work, no author given 1985 ed.
20. Article in Dictionary "Rock Music." Def. 4b. The American Heritage
Dictionary of the English Language. 3rd ed.
Houghton, 1993.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
21. Article in a periodical
(magazine), author
given
22. Article in a periodical
(magazine), no author
given
23. Journal article
(consecutive paging
throughout volume)
24. Journal article
(new paging
each issue)
25. Review of a book in
a periodical
26. Newspaper article
(signed)
27. Cartoon
UNPUBLISHED/MISCELLANEOUS
28. Paper read or
speech delivered
but not published
29. Interview
30. Unpublished letter
31. Videocassette
32. DVD
33. Compact Disc
BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT
SAMPLE
Duke, John S. “The Army’s Inner Circle."
National Geographic Apr. 1985,
pp. 450-459.
“Geneva First Steps Down a Long Road.”
U.S. News and World Report 25 Mar.
1985, pp. 11.
Martin, Rita J. “ Folk Songs as a Lanuage Arts
Experience.” Language ArtS, vol. 58, 1991,
pp. 326-329.
Coleman, Eve B. “Flowcharting as a Prewriting
Activity.” Computers, Reading, and
Language Arts, vol. 1, no. 3, 1983, pp. 36-38.
Kennedy, David. Rev. of Woodrow Wilson and
World War I. by Robert H. Ferrell. The
Atlantic, Apr. 1995, pp. 136-140.
Deangelo, Janet. “Walking on Clouds.” Dallas
Time Herald, 1 Dec. 1995, pp. 3.
Watterson, Bill. “Calvin and Hobbes.” Cartoon.
Orlando Sentinel, 18 June 2000, C6.
Yesner, Seymour. “The Yellow Brick Road to Skills
Land.” NCTE Convention, 29 Nov. 1975.
Aikman, Troy. Personal interview. 3 Apr. 2019.
Ferrell, Edward. Letter to the author. 14 Feb.1985.
Special Effects. Videocassette. Writ. and prod. Charles
Halpern. Dir. Charles Budnick. U of California
Extension Media Center, 1985, F 58 min. National
Geographic Apr. 1985, pp. 450-459.
Dial M for Murder. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. Grace Kelly, Ray
Milland and Robert Cummings. 1954. Warner Home
Video, 2004. DVD.
Backyard Football Jr. Sports for Kids 5-10. CD-ROM.
Humongous Games, 1999.
14
 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE

34. Television or Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Dir.

radio program Jack Hofsiss. American Playhouse. PBS,
KCET, 24 July 1987.

35. Recordings Fitzgerald, Ella. The Cole Porter Songbook.

Volume Two. RCA, 1984.

36. Motion Picture The Empire Strikes Back. Dir. George Lucas.
Twentieth Century Fox, 1980.

37. Stage Play Osborn, Paul. Morning’s at Seven. Dir. Vivian

Matalon. Lyceum Theatre, New York. 16
Apr. 1980.

38. Map or chart Southeastern States. Map. AAA, 1990.

39. Letter that you Piehler, Mindy C. Letter to the Author. 17 May 1999.
received

40. Letter Woolf, Virginia. “To T.S. Eliot.” 28 July 1920. Letter
1138 of The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Ed.
Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann.
Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 437-38.

41. Contemporary Literary
Axelrod, Steven Gould. Robert Lowell: Life Criticism
and Times. Princeton UP, 1978.
Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism.
Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 37. Gale, 1986,
pp. 235-36. 117 vols. to date. 1973.

42. Opposing Bartholet, Elizabeth. "Creating More Adoption

Viewpoints Possibilities Should Be Encouraged." Adoption:Opposing
Viewpoints. Ed. Andrew Harnack. Opposing Viewpoints
Ser. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1995. 55-62. Rpt. of Family
Bonds. Houghton, 1993.

43. Pamphlet with Author. Treat like a book.

Freese, Arthur. S. Understanding Stress. Public Affairs Pamphlet. Vol. 538, Public
Affairs Committee, 1977.

44. Pamphlet with not author. No place and no date. Treat like a book.
Bronchial Asthma. N. p., National Tuberculosis Association, n.d.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 15

 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
ELECTRONIC Sources
Sample Works Cited Entries

45. Online Book.

Last, First. Book. Publisher, Year Published (if given). Website Title. Day Month
Year Accessed. URL.

Gorby, Rusty. Grammar Castle and the Kingdom of Writing. By the Book Writing,
2019. Bythebookwriting.com, 20 Jan. 2021, www.grammarcastle/writing
kingdom/bythbookwriting.com.

46. Online Article.

Author, Director, or Editor (if given). “Title of Article.” Web site (italicized). Publisher
(N.p. if not given), Date of Publication (if not given n.d.). Date of Access
(Day month year). URL (web address).

Most Internet articles have the following items to find in order to write a bibliography:

1. Author (if given)

2. “Article Title of Webpage”
3. Web site that houses the article (usually follows www.????? in the web address).
4. Publisher (N.p. if not given)
5. Date of Publication (n.d. if not given)
6. Date of Access (the day you pulled the article off the Internet)
7. Web Address (Put the URL if your teacher requests it.)

Gorby, Rusty. "Loving the Lord." Gorby Online. N.p., 1999. 9 May 2013.
http://www.gorby.com/ovinglordindex_code=41915.

"Electronic Data Systems Corporation." Hoover’s Online. 1997. 9 May 1997,

http://www.hoovers.com/cgibinshow_mlist_index?sno=5547449&index_cod
e=41915.

"Hank Aaron." 1996. Total Baseball. Tot@l Sports. 6 May 1997,

http://www.totalbaseball.com/nav/player/play_def.htm.

"Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture: An Exhibit at the
Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540." Library of Congress. 7 June
1997, http://sunsite.unc.edu.

47. PDF File.

Foster, Mark. “The Underground Railroad.” 2006. PDF file.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 16

 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
48. Youtube Video or Online Video

Last name, First name of the creator. “Title of the video or audio.” Title of the
Website, role of contributors and their First name Last name, Version,
Numbers, Publisher, Publication date, URL.

49. Work on the Web with Print Publication Information Cited.

(Instead of Print, put the Title of Web Site, Web, and Date of Access.)

Millay, Edna St. Vincent. Second April. New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1921.
Carnegie Mellon University Hillman Library. 12 May 1997,
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/user/mmbt/www/women/millay/sa-bog.html.

50. Newspaper Article Online.

Johnson, George. "Don’t Worry: A Brain Still Can’t Be Cloned." New York Times 2
Mar. 1997, forums sec. 1. 11 June 1997, http://forums.nytimes.com/library/
national/0302clone-review.html.

51. Magazine Article Online.

Kluger, Jeffrey. "The Gentle Cosmic Rain." Time 9 June 1997. 11 June 1997,
http://www.pathfinder.com/@@bYjXjgUAm89tsjaM/time/magazine/a
rchive/index.html.

McGee, Marianne Kolbasuk. "Over the Rainbow." Information Week 8 July 1996,
Tech Web. CMP Media Inc. 6 May 1997http://techweb.cmp.com/iw/
587/87mtsal.htm>.

52. Journal Article Online.

Graves, William H. "Why We Need Internet II." Educom Review 31.5 (1996): 17
pars. 26 Jan. 1997, http://educom.edu/web/pubs/review/review
Articles/31528.html.

53. Newspaper Article in full-Text CD-ROM Database.

Birnbaum, Mary C. "Information-Age Infants: Technology Pushes the Frontiers of

What Babies Know." Dallas Morning News 23 Aug. 1994: 5C. NewsBank CD
News. CD-ROM. NewsBank. 1994.

54. Newspaper Article in a Web-Based Full-Text Database.

Anderson, Julie. "Climate Experts Struggle to Solve World's Weather Puzzle."

Omaha World-Herald 27 Nov. 1997: 1. NewsBank Newsfile. Richland Coll.
Lib., Dallas. 24 Feb. 2000, http://infoweb4. newsbank.com.

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 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
55. Newspaper Article from a Computer Information Service (e.g., Startext)

Associated Press. "Breakthrough Research on Alzheimer's Disease." 28 Mar. 1987.

Printout. Richland Coll. Lib., Dallas.

56. Pamphlet with Author. Treat like a book.

Freese, Arthur. S. Understanding Stress. Public Affairs Pamphlet. 538. New York:
Public Affairs Committee, 1977.

57. Pamphlet with not author. No place and no date. Treat like a book.

Bronchial Asthma. N. p.: National Tuberculosis Association, n.d.

58. Abstract on CD-ROM

Clawson, Mary Lou. "Guiding ADHD Students: Ten Ways to Help Them Succeed."
Schools in the Middle 2.1 (1992): 17-18. ERIC. CD–ROM. Silver Platter. 2000.

Colford, Steven W. "TV Ads to Get Violence Exam." Advertising Age 4 July 1994:
40. Periodical Abstracts. CD–ROM. UMI. 1994.

59. Abstract on an Internet Database

Zienteh, Gigi. "Bilingual Is Better." Momentum 28.1 (1997): ERIC. 24 Feb. 1998,
http://eric.texshare.edu/ovidweb/ovidweb.cgi.

60. Abstract on the Internet.

Sylwester, Robert. "What the Biology of the Brain Tells Us about Learning."
Educational Leadership 51.4 (1993): 46-51. ERIC. 13 June 1997
http://www.askeric.org/plweb-cgi/fastweb?searchform+ericdb.

61. Collections and Anthologies in Web-Based Full-Text Database.

Spiller, Robert E. “James Fenimore Cooper.” American Writers. Vol. 1. Scribner’s,

1974. 335-57. Literature Resource Center. Gale. Richland Coll. Lib., Dallas. 10
Apr. 200l, http://www.galenet.com/servelet/LitRC.

62. Collections and Anthologies on CD-ROM.

Reicha, Susan M. "Rice, Anne." Contemporary Authors on CD. CD-ROM. Gale,

Dec. 1996.Whitman, Walt. "An Evening Lull." The Columbia Granger’s World
of Poetry. CD-ROM. Columbia UP,1992.

63. Electronic Mail.

Jeser-Skaggs, Sharlee (sjs@dcccd.edu). "Keyword Quirks." E-mail to Gary Duke
(gd@dcccd.edu). 28 Feb., 1995.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 18

 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE
Encyclopedias and Online Videos
64. Encyclopedia Article Online.

"Constitution of the United States." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.

Prodigy. 5 Dec. 1995.

Enfield, David B. "El Nino." Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1999-2000. Britannica.com.

65. General Encyclopedia Article on CD-ROM.

Conversi, Leonard W. "Literature, The Art of: Drama: Tragedy: Theory of Tragedy."
Britannica CD 97. CD-ROM. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1997 ed.

Kumbier, William A. "Science Fiction." World Book 1997 Multimedia

Encyclopedia. Deluxe ed. CD-ROM. 1997 ed.

66. General Encyclopedia Article, Online.

"Constitution of the United States." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.

Prodigy. 5 Dec. 1995.

67. Subject Encyclopedia Article on CD-ROM.

Narr, Karl J. "Paleolithic Religion." Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Mircea Eliade.

New York: Macmillan, 1987. CD-ROM.

68. Online Subject Encyclopedia.

"Dallas County Community College District." The Handbook of Texas Online. 1999.
Texas State Historical Association. 31 July 1999, http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/
handbook/online/ articles/view/DDkcd4.html.

69. Government document on CD-ROM.

United States. Dept. of Commerce. International Trade Administration. "The

World Economic Outlook in 1994." U.S. Industrial Outlook 1993. National
Trade Data Bank. CD–ROM.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 19

 STEP 3: Making the Works Cited SAMPLE Mac Donald 5

Works Cited

“Biography.” IMDb, IMDb.com, www.imdb.com/name/nm0507/bio. Accessed 20 July 2017. (1)

“C.S. Lewis.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1993 ed. 14 Jan. 2014. (2)

“C.S. Lewis: A Modest Literary, Biography, and Bibliography.”Bowlling Green State University.

13 Jan. 2010. Accessed 13 Jan. 2014. personal.bgsu.edu/~edwards/biobib.html. (3)

Lewis, C.S. Surprised by Joy. Harcourt Inc., 1955. (4)

“Meet C. S. Lewis, True King of Narnia.” Kidsreads. 2010. Accessed 13 Jan. 2014.

www.kids reads.com/authors/au-lewis-cs.asp. (5)

Website, The Official. “C. S. Lewis | The Official Website for C. S. Lewis and His Works.” Official

Site | CSLewis.com, www.cslewis.com/. Accessed 20 July 2017. (6)

STEP 3: Make the Works Cited page.

1. Google docs would be best to use. Then, you can easily share the document
with your teacher or a friend for feedback.
2. Make your Works Cited look like the one above.
3. Pay close attention to indentions of the 2nd, 3rd, etc. lines.
4. Be sure to double space the entire document.
5. Enjoy the easy use of Easybib.com to make your bibliographies for online
sources. If you have a printed source, use the Printed Source section (pgs.
12-15) to type the correct bibliography in MLA format.
6. After you finish typing your rough draft Works Cited page, number the
sources at the end of the bibliography so that you will have a numbering
system for note taking. Do not number the sources at the beginning of the
bibliography, or you will have a wrong left margin and incorrect indentions.

LESSON 2 ASSIGNMENT: Make the rough draft Works Cited page, and
number the end of each source to have a numbering system for note taking.
Google docs would be best. Share your document with your teacher.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 20

 STEP 4: Read and Take Notes SAMPLE

STEP 4: What should I take notes on?

Directions: Think about your topic, and list items you will most likely
research.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 21

 SAMPLE
[Type text]
Topic: Source #:
Page #:

Topic: Source #:
Page #:

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 22

 STEP 4: Read and Take Notes SAMPLE

Note Taking from the Sources

The goals of note taking for a research paper are to summarize the main points
in your own words and to record quotations that you might use in your paper.

When you summarize, you write information in a concise and condensed form,
hitting on the main ideas only. When you paraphrase, you write the author's
information in your own words. A paraphrase is usually longer than the
original source. To record a direct quotation, you copy the words exactly and
enclose them in quotation marks. Always write the name of the person being
quoted and the page number where it was found on the note card.

Suggestions for Reading a printed source, a book online and online

articles:

Use the table of contents and index.

Use only the material that is related to your subject.
Notice chapter titles, headings, and topic sentences.
Read to gain a general idea.
Writing Rules:

1. Use 4x6 or 1/2 sheets of typing paper.

2. In the upper left-hand corner, place a heading (slug).
3. In the upper right-hand corner, place the number of the source from your
Works Cited page and from which you will take the notes.
4. Write the number of the page on which the information was found below the
source number.
5. Take simple notes in phrase format--not sentences, not the author’s own
words.
6. For information you wish to quote, copy exactly the author’s words and
enclose them in quotation marks.
7. Most of the ideas in a research paper should be reworded information.
Use quotations only when the author you are quoting has said something
particularly well.
8. Make sure all information on the note card is relevant to its slug.
9. Use any personal abbreviations to speed your note taking.
10. Write on only one side of the note card.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 23

 STEP 4: Read and Take Notes SAMPLE

Examples of Note Cards

Slug Page # Source#

Flood of source 3
pg.360

“Three times in the history of Buena Vista

Ranch, La Becerra Creek has been half a mile
wide -- in 1878, 1903, and 1947”

Direct Quotation

Slug Page # Source #

Flood of source 3
pg. 360

La Becerra Creek flooded in 1878,

1903, and 1937.

Paraphrased
Information

LESSON 3 ASSIGNMENT: To write your note cards, use 4x6 index cards,
the note card template on pg. 22, or ½ sheets of typing paper to take notes. Do 1/3
of the assigned note cards ______ in this lesson.
Page # Tip: If you are not printing your articles, you need to click on print preview
to figure out the page numbers from which you are taking notes.

BY THE BOOK WRITING COPYRIGHT 24

 SAMPLE

Writer and home-schooling mom, Rusty Gorby

has a Bachelor of Arts in English. She has taught
secondary English in Texas and Virginia since
1988 in public schools, in home school co-ops,
in her home, and in a Classical Christian school.
Mrs. Gorby loves teaching! Throughout her
tenure, she has written writing, grammar,
history, and Bible curriculum for BiblioPlan for
Families, for home school co-ops, and for public
and private schools. By God’s grace, she hopes
to instill confidence and a love of learning in her
students as she encourages growth in their
writing.

By the Book Writing’s Research Manual for the Student, MLA Format
Copyright c 2022 by Rusty Gorby
Addressed to By the Book Writing Publishers, P.O. Box 4, Grapevine, TX
76099

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