Sate

Reading (Passage)
Worksheet.21
Read the following passage carefully.
() ttakes 64 muscles to frown and only 13 to smile. So, why overwork yourselfby frowning. So said
a report by some US psychiatrists; and that set me on my nerve-racking mission of spotting
Siling faces among the sea of humanity. Ihad not noticed till then how acute is our national
need to smile a real cheerful smile dispelling all gloom.
(2) There were faces at the post-office counter I visited first of all- faces, allglum and taciturn. In
my efforts to find a breezy countenance I scanned the arena frantically enough to arouse
suspicion.
(3) "Yes?" growled the man erouched behind the barred counter. Suddenly, the ferocious voice jolted
me back to reality. Surely, was Istanding in front of acaged animal in azoo? Caught unawares, I
simpered, but the man frowned one ofhis darkest scowls that routed my smile bag and baggage.
After all, "simper" is also a smile, a little silly, though.
(4) Psychiatrists have found that there are five categories of smiles. First an upper lipped smile -
you greet a friend with aglint in eyes, lips curved, and without uttering aword. It says, "How do
you do, dear?" Then, the second type is the "lip-in-smile", which one gives to his or her boss i.e. a
subordinate greeting a superior.
(5) The third is the "non-social" one indicating that the smiler is happy within, for some unknown
reason. An "oblong" smile is what we should beware of. It is pretence, a mask that may hide a
wolf within. The"broad" smile is the real thing we all wish to see, feel and enjoy.
(6) Dale Carnegie extolled a broad smile as unaffected, sincere and warm. It speaks louder than
words. It radiates happiness. But Shakespeare appears to be more practical, though given to a
little cvnicism when be observed, "One may smile and smile and yet be a villain," He did not
believe in the power of this missile. To some extent, he may be right.
(7) Dr Ewan Grant of the Department of Psychiatry, Bìrmingham University, has studied the
different ways by which man communicates without words. Ofthe one hundred diferent signals
that he records smile is perhaps the most expressive. Our face isa mirror of our emotions.
Slight
changes here and there can speak eloquently for us.
(8) Iam sure. the longest word in English language is "smiles", distances between the first and the
last "S" being a "mile". Imagine a world where every one smiled and every work is accomplished
by the flash of white teeth than by the flash ofgunpowder.
(a) "Smile".exhorts a writer, "Smile, the sunshine S good for your teeth." Those who bring sunshine
to others cannot keep it away from themselves. Usha Bande

(0) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings and
cab.beadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary minimum 4) anda format vou
consider suitable.Also supply anappropriate title to it. (5Marks)
 Bale

Worksheet-22/
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
(1) Automated Teller Machines (ATM) have rovolutionised banking und mude lifo cusior. Bank
customers can now withdraw money from their account anytime und unywhere in the country or
even in the world. However, like any elcctronic gudget, they en also mulfunction when not
serviced properly. Besides soflware and hardware glitehes, fuctors like operator orrors, powor
failure, voltage variations can result in ATM nmalfunctioning. And whon thnt huppeH,
consumcrs can be in for frustrating exporiences.
(2) Imagine this scenario: you are travelling in another city und depondent on your ATM card for
your cash requirements. You insert the card, but the machinc just gobbles it up, leaving you high
and dry - with nocash and no hope of recovering the card in the immediutefuturo. Or you are
urgently in need of moncy and you insert your card, only to get mossnges Buclh us "lransaction
timed out" or "Your transaction has beon cancelled" or "Bunlk conmunication failed. Plose lry
after some time" or "Temporarily unable to process". You then hunt for another ATM and for all
you know, that may also be out of sorvice or short of cush. In fuct consumors compluin that on
Sundays, ATMs have been found to have no caslh. Long quoues in front of ATMu ure als0 U
common sight, particularly when the cash is being refilled or the nuchine is being repnirod.
(3) Most consumer complaints refer to the machine refusing to give thom any money, ovon though
the transaction slip indicates that the money has been withdrawn. Thoro uro alvo caNON of
transaction slips showing more than what has been withdrawn. "There are als0 cOmplaints of
illegal withdrawal- passbooks showing withdrawal from ATMs, without lhe consumor huving
done so. And invariably, rectifying these faults can be frustrating for the conHumor, 1t's tine
banks inmproved ATMs, ensured that there aro no cash dispensing orrors nnd that tlhoy guvo
consumers trouble-frec servico. Or clse they may well be haulodup bcfore tho consumor courts,
(4) There is another related issue - fraud and roblbery. As criminal gungs acquiro Nophistiented
gadgets to get at card numbers and personal identifieation numbors (PIN), bankH And
manufacturers are thinking of ways nd means of making A'TMs moro sccure, It is oslimated
that in the United States about $ 50 million are lost annually on account ofATM rolatod frauds,
(5) In India,robbcries outside ATMs are on the rise. In cities like Bungaloro,consumors huvobeen
waylaid outside ATMs and forced to withdraw large announts ofmoney nt gunpoint. In the cnso of
Col D.S. Sachar Vs Punjab and Sind Bank (RPon 1046 of 2003), tho apex consumer court mudo it
clear that not providing adequate sccurity to customors constitutod deficiency in the sorvico
rendered by banks andwhere such deficioncy causcd the consumer any loss or sufloring, banks
were liable to pay. So it's time banks tightened security near ATMs. Pushpa Girlmajl

() On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary -- minimum 4) and a format you
considersuitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (SMarks)
 Bate
90 Worksheet23
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
covering the front of the eye. It serves as a window to
() The cornea is the clear. transnarent, tisSue
dramatically reduced or lost if the cornea becomes
allow light to enter the eye, Vision willbe
cloudy from disease, injury or infection. burns
injuries, malnutrition, infections, chemical
(4) The main causes of corneal blindness are lost sight due
infections. Fortunately,
congenital disorders and post-operative complications or
transplantation. This is a procedure in
to corneal diseases can only be restored through corneal
the diseased cornea of the patient, A
which the cornea of a donor eve is grafted to replace
restored through corneal
significant proportion of these patients can have their sight
tradition.
transplantation. Youcan help this happen. Let eye donation be your family
The eyes of the deceased of any
(3) Donate eyes of your dearest after death. Age does not matter.
and people
agecan be donated whether he/she has pledged the eyes or not. Spectacle wearers,
also
suffering from systemicdisorders like asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes and hypertension can
donate eyes. Patients who have undergone cataract surgery can donate eyes.
(4) Eyes have to be removed within six hours after death. So, lose no time in informing the nearest
eye bank. You could be instrumental in ensuring an eye donation in time. If someone
unfortunately dies in your family or friends circle, remember to call the nearest eye bank. Till
the authorised person comes to remove the eyes, switch off fans, keep the airconditioner or
cooler running and place wet cotton with ice over the closed eyelids. It will help keep the tissue
moist and increase the viability of thedonated cornea. The eyes are removed by a trained person
using a sterile procedure. They can be removed at home or any other place where the body is
kept after death. It leaves no scar/ disfigurement ofthe face. The donated eyes are never bought
or sold. Arequest for eye donation is always attended to. The eye collection centre will rush a
doctor to the donor's home. This is a free service in the public interest.
(5) Corneal blindness affects mainly children and young adults who have a long life ahead of them.
In India approximately 22,000 corneas from donated eyes are collected against the requirement
of about 1lakh corneas per year. Because of this huge dearth of donor eyes in India new patients
are added each year to along list of already waiting patients.
(6) As a preventive measure, all children should be vaccinated as per schedule. Sharpoobjectslike
scissors, knives and nail-cutters must be kept out of their reach. One should be very careful
about the use of chemicals during Holi and crackers on Diwali. People working in hazaravus
industries should wear protective goggles. Dr Mahipal S.
Sachdev

() On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings a ..

sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary - minimum 4) and aformat you
(5Marks)
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.
 Bale

Warksheet-24
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
93

(1) Most parents at some stage are driven todistraction by one or more of their children's annoying
habits or behaviours, whether it is a toddler who continually whines, a school-aged child who
leaves clotlhes lying around or ateenager who uses aless than pleasant vocabulary.
(2) How to affect change is a challenge for many parents. Do you ignore a child's annoying
behaviour or do you pick up on it? A useful rule of thumb is to pick up on behaviours that are
dangerous to the child himselfor significantly infringe on the rights and comfort of others. Also
ask yourself: Is this behaviour reasonable for the child's age? For instance, it is reasonable to
expect an eight-year-old not to disturb you while you are on the phone for twenty minutes but it
is not reasonable to expect the same of a two-year-old. It is also useful to take into account the
child's current state of mind and what is going in on their lives that may be related to some
unusual behaviour to occur at home.
(3) The following four principles for changing your child's behaviour will be effective ifyou are both
patient and persistent. Change your initial response first. This is important because children's
behaviour generally requires a pay-off, which may be your attention or an attempt to defeat you.
The most important principle about changing children's behaviour is to change your own behaviour
first. So, ifyour child whines to get his own way refrain from answering back or giving in.
(4) Practice with your child the behaviour that you want. The notion of behaviour rehearsal is
fundamental to learning a new behaviour. Don't just tell kids what you expect, get them to
practice the behaviour you want. In the example of ayoung whiner -get him to practice asking
for help oratreat inanormal voice.
(5) Minimise the behaviour you don't want. That means when children continue their old behaviour
despite your brilliant suggestions ignore it, sidestep it or implement a consequence but don't
nag or harp on it. Remember it takes time often to change a behaviour, particularly ifit has been
happening for a long time. Spotlight the appropriate behaviour. When your children behave in
the desired way show your sincere appreciation. We often take children for granted or rather we
are trained to give children no attention when they are good, but plenty when they are less than
perfect. The behaviours we focus on expand so we need to focus our attention on desirable
behaviours more than on the negative behaviours. For our young whiner it is essential to make a
fuss when he uses a normal voice to get what he wants.
(6) Like any process it will only work if you stick to it and follow it through. And don't be afraid to
adaptit to suit your circumstances. Remember, it is the fact that you have a plan rather than the
nature ofthe plan that is most powerful in achieving achange in your children's behaviour.
Tho Times of India

(0) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary - minimum 4) and a format you
considersuitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
 Bale

96
Worksheet25
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully. involuntarily
situation in which the labour force of the economy remains
2) Onemployment is a always existed in the society but its nature and
unemployed. The problem of unemplovment has
recent
level of development of the society. In the
Severity have varied greatly depending on the The
assumed alarming proportions particularly in the under-developed countries.
past it has
rolls of unemployed people increasing at
developed countries are also not comfortable with
significant rate.
generally assumes two forms- () Temporary
(2) In the advanced capitalist countries,unemployment requiring
of production
frictional unemployment resulting from the change in the techniques
unemployed and (ii) Keynesian
replacement of inadequately trained labour rendering them
economy.
involuntary unemployment caused mainly by lack of effective demand in the
structural
(3) On the other hand unemployment in the under-developed country like ours is mostly
unemployment. Rural
in nature. We can classify it broadly into two categories urban and rural
unemployment is again of two types: (1) open unemployment and (2) disguised unemployment.
Urban employment consists of industrial unemployment and educated unemployment. Open
unemployment in the rural sector includes those people who are chronically unemployed and
seasonally employed. The seasonal unemployment results from the seasonal nature of
agricultural production due to excessive dependence on the whimsof the monsoon, requiring
the service of the rural people for only a certain period of the year. Disguised unemployment
assumes serious proportion in the rural sector. A person is said to be in this category ifhe or she
is visibly unemployed in his/her job but his/her contribution to the total production is negligible.
(4) Let us now analyse the factors responsible for the present state of unemployment problem in
India. The most important cause is the rapid population growth. Secondly, there has been a
conflict between the objectives and economic growth and employment in the Mahakurobis
strategy of development followed after independence. Thirdly, choice of inappropriate
technology also partly explains the unemployment problem in India. Fourthly, the educational
system of India is also partly responsible for the creation ofvast army of educated unemployed.
In the absence of appropriate human resources policy, scope of higher
education has been
expanded without making any link with the available job opportunities. The desire to get only
white collar jobs is another factor creating unemployment among the
(B) The Government of India has been making efforts to
educated people.
eradicate
something to be desired. Side by side with the expansion ofunemployment.
But it still leaves
market imperfections should be reduced and job-oriented educationself-employment opportunities,
systemn should be expanded.
Athorough overhaul of the agricultural sector is also a must.
() On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in
points only using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary - minimum 4) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.
(5 Marks)
 Bale

Worksheet:26/
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
99

(1) "Cancer is one offshoot of smoking. There is much more," says Dr. Vikram Jaggi, a chest
specialist who runs a Quit Smoking Clinic at his Asthma, Chest and Allergy Centre in Delhi. He
sounds ominous when he says, "A person who has smoked 20-30 cigarettes regularly for more
than 10 to l5 yearshas reduced his life expectancy by about 10 years. 50 percent of the heavy
smokers will die due to a cause related to smoking."
(2) When you take a puff, the nicotine in the cigarette reaches the oral cavity, goes into the blood
stream, liver and reaches the brain in eight seconds flat. With every cigarette you smoke, 2.5 mg
of nicotine enters your body. Gradually, this affects the brain like a drug addiction. In fact,
nicotine addiction is much stronger that cocaine or morphine, says Dr. Jaggi. It affects the blood
system, has an adverse affect on cholesterol, causes thickening of arteries, affects the heart,
increases heart rate and heart attack propensity, causes stroke, various kinds of cancer, and
problems in the lungs, particularly in the air tubes (like bronchitis and emphysema). There are
approximately 4,000 identified chemicals in cigarette smoke, of which about 600 are known to
be carcinogenic.
(3) It is clearly documented that a pregnant woman who smokes has more still births, more
abortions, and her children will weigh 20-25 percent less than children ofnon-smoking mothers.
Even after child birth, ifa woman continues to smoke and the child is around, there is possibility
of crib death. Children of women who smoke have two times more infections of the throat and
ear than non-smoking mother's kids.
(4) Asmoker has wrinkled skin, yellow teeth, sagging cheeks, greying hair and is prone to baldness.
Teeth become yellow and prone to dental caries and fall spontaneously. Smokers have a coated
tongue and lose their taste buds.
(5) Everybody knows smoking causes lung cancer but it also causes emphysema and bronchitis.
These are very, very serious long-term conditions which are debilitating. It increases the bad
cholesterol and decreases good cholesterol. It narrows the arteries which take blood to the heart.
The heart rate in turn increases, so does the pulse rate, and more adrenaline is pumped into the
body, which causes the heart to pump faster. All this, in turn, can cause a heart attack. Smoking
also causes impotence.
(6) Roughly one fourth of whatever smoking does to smokers is what it does to passive smokers.
"Quitting is ideal but more ideal would be not to start smoking in the first place, After all.
smokers start young. And they begin because of the advertisements. Ten percent of the
government's excise revenue comes from cigarettes, two percent of the total government
revenue again comes from cigarettes. The government is not going to let go ofit," says Dr. Jaggi.
He further adds, "Some sports brands have them on sports gear due to which children actually
think sportsmen smoke".
(7) "Remember the Marlboro man, who was considered the macho man in the US? He died of
smoking. The next model they took also died ofsmoking.Need we say more?".
 Sbate
102

Reading (Passage)
Worksheet.27
Read the following passage carefully.
(1) During summers you come across attractive advertisements with catchy slogans for different
types of cold drinks. These can be found everywhere right from the newspaper and magazine
pages to the prime slots in electronic media. At bus stands and the railway stations also, huge
hoardings showing ads of popular film stars promoting brands of aerated beverages invariably
catch attention. Small kids and teenagers become the main target of this campaign.
(2) Despite the fact that these aerated drinks hardly provide lasting relief from thirst, people
consume them voraciously. The very name of these drinks is a contradiction in itself, as these
hardly contain anything which may be described as cold because they contain no more than a
few chemicals like sodium bicarbonate and cafeine, a known artificial mood elevator. No
wonder after consuming these drinks there is a feeling of abdominal gas, distension, loss of
appetite and also disturbed sleep. Besides aerated drinks, the market is also flooded with
numerous types of soft drinks.
(3) Most of these drinks are nothing more than a combination of certain fruit flavours, artificial
colouring material and citric acid as preservative. Doctors allover the world are worried about
the prevailing trend of using aritificial colours and flavours in food items. Apart from causing
different types of allergy, most of these colours are also found to be carcinogenic.
(4) In India since times immemorial, many domestic cold drinks have been used. These are both
refreshing and safe. With the passage of time and due to Western influences, it seems alien
things are preferred to the traditional ones. Many such Indian drinks are cold, refreshing and
can be prepared at home. The cooling effect of the popular Indian lassi made from curd or the
kachchi lassi by adding little milk in a glass of sweetened water is incomparable. The lassi,
churned from curd, is a protection against diarrhoea and gastroentritis. Similarly, the use of
lemon shikanjawi in sultry and scorching summer is also very beneficial. Lemon, being a
natural blood purifier, replenishes the body with essential electrolytes.
(5) Once a popular evening drink in most of the Punjabi homes, thandai made by
crushing peeled
almonds, rose petals, cardamom and cucumber seeds has almost disappeared. Proven diuretic.
sattoo was a great help in case ofburning micturation and urinary stone formation.
(6) The artificial and the aerated drinks cannot match the efficacy of home-made cold
drinks. Still
there is another class of thesedrinks known as sharbats, bael, shatoot, mango, sandal and many
other Indian medicinal plants can be used in this form. Their use is not only economical but
superbly beneficial for health. So let us return to home-made cold drinks.
Dr.R. Vatsyayan; The Tribune (Abridged)
(0) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary - minimum 4) and aformat wou
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
 Bate

Worksheet-28
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
105

(1) Nobody has the faintest idea when the frst marbles rolJed across the earth's surface, but small
stones, delhberately chipped and rounded, have been unearthed at Stone Age excavations on
three continents. Today, marbles from ancient Rome and Greece occupy places of honour in
places like the British Museum and New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. Shakespeare
mentions "Cherry Pit" agame of marbles; marbles appear in aPicter Bruegel painting and are
referred to by the Roman poet, Ovid.
(2) Marbles are small, hard balls that are used in a variety of children's games and are so named
after the 18th century practice of making them from marble chips. Marble games date back to
antiquity and ancient games were played with sea-rounded pebbles, nuts and seeds of some
fruits. Thc young Octavian (later the Emperor Augustus), like other Roman children,played
games with nut-marblcs, and engraved marbles have been dug up from the earthen mounds
built by some early North American Red Indian tribes.Early settlers in the USA found the Red
Indians playing marble games with what archacologists now refer to as "'game stones."
(3) The object of marble games is to roli, throw, drop, or knuckle marbles against an opponent's
marbles, often to knock them out ofa prescribcd area and so win them.
(4) Year after year, nearly 200 million marbles are turned out by the mixing, shaping and rolling
machincs of marble making factories. The demand for marbles is constantly increasing. In
addition to children's games, like knuckling, marbles are also used in numerous other games.
Chincse Chcckers,a perennially popular game, requires 60 marbles for each game, 10 each of
six different colours.

(5) In the 20th century, marblcs have been made ofa variety of materials: baked clay, glass, steel,
plastic, onyx, agate. During World War I, engincers perfected the little glass balls to such a
degrec that they could be substituted for steel bearings.
(6) Many highway signs are made of marbles. Each glass ball has an individual reflector behind it.
so that headlights at night will spell out safety warnings. In the oil fields, refineries use acid
proof marbles as filters and condensers. The glass balls are injected into old oil wells to prepare
them for possible further use. Consequently, millions of dollars worth of oil can now be recovered.
(7) Some fish hatcheries place marbles on the bottom of pools, claiming better results during the
spawning season. Paper mills now use glass balls in their manufacturing units. Only recently
hasit been found out that marbles are highly useful in the spinning of glass thread. And last, but
not the least, when life comes to an end and the mortal remains are placed in a modern
mausoleum, adozen or so marbles are thrown by the mourners onto the tomb, so that the coffin
willroll easily into place.
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108

Reading (Passage)
Worksheet29
Read the following passage carefully.
(1) Ofthe various thread ceremonies Rakhi or Raksha Bandhan is the most popular. It falls on the
Ful Moon day of the month of Shravana (July - August). Though commonly known as a festival
which strengthens the bond of love between brothers and sisters, Rakhi has many other aspects
to it. There are historical instances to show that the practice was not confined tobrother-sister
relationship but took on wider dimensions as and when required by the exigencies of time. For
example, Kunti, mother of the five Pandavas,tied a rakhi to her grandson, Abimanyu, and
Draupadi tied it to Lord Krishna, who was not even distantly related to her.
(2) There has been considerable speculation about the origin of this festival. Some believe that it
was instituted to remind the Kshatriyas about their dharma towards the priestly class.
According to the Bhavishya Purana, the practice of tying rakhi began when Maharani Shachi,
Lord Indira's wife, who possessed occult powers, tied a protective knot containing rice and
sarson (rape seed) on the right wrist of her husband to help him in his crusade against the
demons. Still another account says that Rakhi is celebrated to commemorate the event of Bali's
great sacrifice in surrendering his celestial kingdom to Vamana.
(3) The word rakhi is derived from the sanskrit word rakshika (an amulet or
charm worn as a
preserver). Literally, raksha bandhan means the bond of protection.In ancient times, rakhiwas
more or less a talisman which symbolised the good wishes of a person for the well being of the
object of hisor her affection. However, in medievaltimes, its manner and style changed as it got
confined to sister-brother relationship. With the onslaught of foreign invaders, the practice of
tying a rakhi extended beyond the bounds of family and sometime became an intra-family or
cven an inter-racial affair. For example, Rani Karmavati of Chittor sent a rakhi to
Humavun.
soliciting his help against Bahadurshah, the ruler of Gujarat.
(4) Rakhiwas a national festival during the reign of Akbar. On the day of thefestival, the
and othcrs adorned the Emperor's wrist with beautiful strings of silk,
courtiers
bejewelled with rubies.
pearls and gems of great value. Even Aurangzeb addressed the queen mother of
"dear and virtuous sister" in one ofhis letters. The "rakhi" system of Udaipur as
misldarsis said to have laid
the foundations of Sikh political authority in Punjab and it paved the way for the
establishment
ofa national monarchy under Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
(5) Prominent nationalists like B.G. Tilak, Aurobindo Ghosh, Mahatma
Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and
others received innumerable rakhis from the people as a token of
their love. To this they
reciprocated by way of sweet words, gestures or promises. The tradition of tying rnbhi
continues. But the ideals of love and unity which it has symbolised through the ages
seem to
have been consumed ifnot fully obscured by the smoke of greed and conceit.
oee ote nts only using headines and

(SMak
 Bate

Worksheet30
Reading (Passage)
Read the following passage carefully.
111

(1) The Kangra valley in Himachal Pradesh is known for its colourful history, culture and natural
beauty. Dharamsala, the district headquarters of Kangra, was put on the international map
with the arrival of the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual and temporal leader, in 1961. For
Tibetans, living in different parts of the world, Dharamsala is considered a mini-Lhasa.
Tibetans and foreign scholars visit this place in large numbers.
(2) Both Dharamsala and the Kangra valley have a lot to offer to visitors. There are a number of
ancient shrines, forts and other age-old monuments in the valley. It is also a pilgrimage centre.
Every year lakhs of tourists and devotees from all over India visit the shrines of Chintpurni,
Jawalaji, Varajeshwari (Kangrewali) and Chamunda. Raja Dharam Chand Katoch of Kangra
hill state (1528-1563) founded Dharamsala as a hill station.
(3) In Dharamsala, McLeodganj is popular among visitors. The area was named after Sir D.
McLeod, Lieuten ant-Governor of the then Kangra hill state of Punjab. The British moved the
cantonment from Kangra town to MeLeodganj in 1849. Thereafter, Kangra remained one of the
hill states of Punjab under the British.
(4) By 1855 A.D.,the British had made Dharamsala the headquarters of greater Kangra. They
made plans to further beautify Dharamsala, which had been conceived as a hill station by Raja
Dharam Chand Katoch. However, most of these buildings collapsed during the earthquake in
Kangra in April, 1905. The St. John Church at Dharamsala built in 1852, and the Lord Shiva
Temple of the early 9th century at Baijnath, survived the quake.
(5) At present, Dharamsala is inhabited by more than 5000 Tibetans. Dharamsala is visited by
tourists not only from various parts of India but also from all over the world. Those who are fond
of Tibetan food, like to visit McLeodganj. One gets good helpings of thupka, Tibetan bread,
gyathuk, noodles, at reasonable rates. One of the oldest shops at McLeodganj Chowk is of M/s
Nowrojee and Sons. It was set up in 1860.
(6) About a kilometre away from the market area is the Tibetan temple dedicated to Lord Buddha.
Next to the temple is the home of the Dalai Lama. About 2km away, is the Tibetan Institute for
Performing Arts. Near the Dal lake, 3 km from McLeodganj, is the Tibetans' children village. A
number of children,including orphans, are educated and looked after there by Tibetans. The
Tibetans Craft Institute, near the children village, offer training to young Tibetan boys and girls
in tailoring, painting, carpet-weaving, etc. The Tibetan Medical Institute is famous for
providing medicines made ofherbs procured from forests etc. The Tibetan Library, Archives and
the Museum, 2 km from McLeodganj, is a storehouse ofrare manuscripts and portraits.
The Tribune

() On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, in points only using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary- minimum 4) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (S Marks)