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Number System
Laws of Indices
𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 − 𝑛
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
1
)
𝑎( 𝑚 = √𝑎
𝑚
1
𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚
𝑚
)
𝑎( 𝑛 = 𝑛√𝑎𝑚
𝑎° = 1
DIVISIBILITY RULES
There are some specific rules by which we can determine the divisor of the given number.
In this chapter, we I will discuss divisibility rules from 2 to 19. Using these rules you can
easily determine a divisor of given number, however large it may be. Let me tell you the rules
of divisibility from 2 to 19.
Divisibility Rules
Divisibility by 2
Number which ends with even number or 0 is always divisible by 2.
For Example: 44, 120, 56, 70 etc are divisible by 2.
23, 57, 79 etc are not divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 3
For a given number, if sum of its digits is divisible by 3, then the number will be divisible
by 3.
For Example: 5676 = 5 + 6 + 7 + 6 = 24, which is divisible by 3
8912 = 8 + 9 + 1 + 2 = 20, not divisible by 3
Divisibility by 4
Given number will be divisible by 4, if last two digits are divisible by 4 and if number with
two or more zeros at end is also divisible by 4
For Example: 4500, 134000 are divisible by 4
5228 = last two digits i.e. 28 is divisible by 4, therefore number is divisible by 4
Divisibility by 5
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
Divisibility by 6
Number divisible by 3 and 2 both will be divisible by 6. For divisibility by 3, you will use
the same rule of 3 as discussed above.
For Example: 154: Divisible by 2.
1 + 5 + 4 = 10 which is not divisible by 3? Therefore, number is not divisible by 6.
3924: Divisible by 2. Also, 3 + 9 + 2 + 4 = 18, which is divisible by 3? Therefore, number
divisible by 6
Divisibility by 7
To check divisibility by numbers like 7, 13, 17, 19, we always use one key digit known as
Osculator. Osculators for 7 is -2 i.e. negative osculator 2. Let’s see how we will use osculator
to check divisibility.
Last digit of number is to be multiplied with -2 (osculator) and then added to the remaining
part of number. Check that whether the resultant number is divisible by 7 or not.
Therefore, number will be divisible by 7, if resultant is divisible by 7
Divisibility by 8
Given number will be divisible by 8, if last three digits are divisible by 8 and number with
three zeros at end is also divisible by 8
For Example: 4589000, 1256 are divisible by 8
Divisibility by 10
A number ends with 0 is always divisible by 10
For Example: 100, 2890, 4560 are divisible by 10
Divisibility by 11
If sums of digits at odd places and even places are equal or differ by a number divisible by
11, then number will be divisible by 11
For Example: 3245693
Sum of odd digits = 3 + 4 + 6 + 3 = 16
Sum of even digits = 2 + 5 + 9 = 16
Sums are equal; therefore give number is divisible by 11
Divisibility by 12
Number divisible by 4 and 3 both will be divisible by 12. For divisibility by 4 and 3, you
will use the same rule of 4 and 3 as discussed above.
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
Divisibility by 13
Osculator for 13 = 4 The method is same as 7 as discussed above.
See how we check the divisibility by 13, last digit is multiplied with osculator (4), then
added to remaining number.
Divisibility by 14
Number divisible by 7 and 2 both will be divisible by 14. To check divisibility by 7 and 2,
you will use the same rules as discussed above.
Divisibility by 15
Number divisible by 5 and 3 both will be divisible by 15. Divisibility by 5 and 3 will be
same as discussed above.
Divisibility by 16
Number divisible by 8 and 2 both will be divisible by 16. Divisibility by 8 and 2 will be
same as discussed above.
Divisibility by 17
Osculator for 17 is -5 (negative osculator). Method is same as discussed in divisibility by 7
and 13.
Divisibility by 18
Number divisible by 9 and 2, will be divisible by 18.
Divisibility by 19
Osculator for 19 is 2 (negative osculator). Method is similar as discussed in divisibility
by 7 and 13.
So, Remember that
Osculator of 7 = - 2
Osculator of 13 = + 4
Osculator of 17 = - 5
Osculator of 19 = + 2
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
Algebraic Formulae
[
𝑎𝑛 - 𝑏𝑛 = (a - b) (𝑎𝑛 − 1 + 𝑎𝑛 − 2 b + 𝑎𝑛 − 3 𝑏2 + …. + 𝑏𝑛 − 1) for all n ] Hence,
𝑎 - 𝑏 is divisible by a - b for all n.
𝑛 𝑛
[
𝑎𝑛 - 𝑏𝑛 = (a + b) (𝑎𝑛 − 1 - 𝑎𝑛 − 2 b + 𝑎𝑛 − 3 𝑏2 …. - 𝑏𝑛 − 1) n - even ]
[
𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 = (a + b) (𝑎𝑛 − 1 - 𝑎𝑛 − 2 b + 𝑎𝑛 − 3 𝑏2 + …. + 𝑏𝑛 − 1) n - odd ]
MULTIPLICATION
While doing multiplication of a two digit number with another two digit number, we take
at least 6 steps. Try yourself. Multiply 62 with 32.
STEP 2
This is an interesting step. Now multiply last digit first value and first digit of second
value and vice-versa. Then we add outcomes. But we need the last number that is 8 here.
STEP 3
This is the last step, in this step we do multiplication ten’s digit of both value and add
the remainder from previous calculation. That’s it, we completed the calculation in 3 steps
instead of six steps.
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
We can use this method for multiplication of three or even four digit numbers but time
management is really important in IBPS exam and other recruitment exams so for longer
calculations, estimation is the best trick. I will post an article about how to do long
calculations using estimation and result is 95% accurate which is enough to arrive at answer.
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
STEP 5
Squaring
In bank exams calculation speed is very crucial. So in this chapter we will explainb
squaring technique.
Technique
In case of two digit number deduct last digit and add it to another number and then add
square of same.
In this technique we simplify the squaring method by making one unit’s digit zero. It is
far easy to multiply 50 × 24 than 54 × 24. So I used this technique. Try practice m ore to
become expert in this technique.
= [56 × 50 ] + 9
= [560 × 5 ] + 9
= 2800 + 9 = 2809
[
= 69 × 69 ]
= [69 + 1 ] × [69-1 ] + [1 × 1 ]
= [70 × 68 ] + 1
= [680 × 7 ] + 1
= 4761
= [40 × 50 ] + 25
= 2000 + 25
= 2025
Exercise - 1
2) The difference between the local value and the face value of 7 in the numberal
32675149 is
a) 75142 b) 64851 c) 5149
d) 69993 e) None of these
7) The difference between a positive proper fraction and its reciprocal is 9 . The
20
fraction is :
a) 3 b) 3 c) 4
5 10 5
d) 5 e) None of these
4
8) Which one of the following is the common factor of (4743 + 4343) and (4747 +
4347) ?
a) (47 - 43) b) (47 + 43) c) (4743 + 4343)
d) Data inadequate e) None of these
9) (112 × 54) = ?
a) 67000 b) 70000 c) 76500
d) 77200 e) None of these
10) If the number 517 * 324 is completely divisible by 3, then the smallest whole
number in place of * will be :
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2
d) Data inadequate e) None of these
13) On dividing a number by 56, we get 29 as remainder. On dividing the same number
by 8, what will be the remainder?
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6
d) 7 e) None of these
14) The difference of the squares of two consecutive even integers is divisible by which
of the following integers?
a) 3 b) 4 c) 6
d) 7 e) None of these
15) Which one of the following numbers will completely divide (461 + 462 + 463 +
464) ?
a) 3 b) 10 c) 11
d) 13 e) None of these
16) How many natural numbers are there between 23 and 100 which are exactly
divisible by 6?
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
a) 8 b) 11 c) 12
d) 13 e) None of these
19) If the number 481 * 673 is completely divisible by 9, then the smallest whole
number in place of * will be ?
a) 2 b) 5 c) 6
d) 7 e) None of these
20) How many of the following numbers are divisible by 132? 264, 396, 462, 792, 968,
2178, 5184, 6336
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6
d) 7 e) None of these
[
22) What is the unit digit in (6374)1793 × (625)317 × (341)491 ] ?
a) 0 b) 2 c) 3
d) 5 e) None of these
23) The difference of the squares of two consecutive odd integers is divisible by which
of the following integers?
a) 3 b) 6 c) 7
d) 8 e) None of these
24) 5358 × 51 = ?
a) 273258 b) 273268 c) 273348
d) 273358 e) None of these
25) Which one of the following numbers will completely divide 325 + 326 + 327 + 328
a) 11 b) 16 c) 25
d) 30 e) None of these
26) The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the
smaller, we get 6 as quotient and the 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number?
a) 240 b) 270 c) 295
d) 360 e) None of these
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
31) If the number 97215 * 6 is completely divisible by 11, then the smallest whole
number in place of * will be :
a) 3 b) 2 c) 1
d) 5 e) None of these
38) What number should be divided by √0.25 to give the results as 25?
a) 12.5 b) 25 c) 50
d) 125 e) None of these
39) By what least number 675 be multiplied to obtain a number which is a perfect cube?
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7
d) 8 e) None of these
40) Find the smallest number by which 5808 should be multiplied so that the product
becomes a perfect square?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 7
d) 11 e) None of these
d) 21 e) None of these
49) The least prefect square, which is divisible by each of 21, 36 and 66 is:
a) 213444 b) 214344 c) 214434
d) 231444 e) None of these
55) What is the smallest number by which 3600 be divided to make it a perfect cube?
a) 450 b) 445 c) 440
d) 430 e) None of these
Solutions:
1. Option D
2. Option D
3. Option D
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
1400 × x = 1050
1050 3
x= =
1400 4
4. Option C
5. Option B
6. Option E
7. Option C
1 − 𝑥2 9
𝑥 = 20
20 - 20𝑥2 = 9x
20𝑥2 + 9x - 20 = 0
20𝑥2 + 25x - 16x - 20 = 0
5x (4x + 5) - 4 (4x + 5) = 0
(4x + 5) (5x - 4) = 0
x=4
5
8. Option B
9. Option B
4
(112 × 54) = 112 × [ 10 ]4 = 112 × 10
=
1120000 = 70000
2 24 16
10. Option C
11. Option D
12. Option B
13. Option B
14. Option B
Let the two consecutive even integers be 2n and (2n + 2). Then
(2𝑛 + 2)2 - (2𝑛)2 = (2n + 2 + 2n) (2n + 2 - 2n)
= 2 (4n + 2) = 4 (2n + 1), which is divisible by 4.
15. Option B
16. Option D
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
17. Option B
4
935421 × 625 = 935421 × 54 = 935421 × [2]
10
18. Option A
19. Option D
20. Option A
132 = 4 × 3 × 11
So, if the number divisible by all the three number 4, 3 and 11, then the number is
divisible by 132 also.
264 ⟶ 11, 3, 4 (/)
396 ⟶ 11, 3, 4 (/)
462 ⟶ 11, 3 (x)
792 ⟶ 11, 3, 4 (/)
968 ⟶ 11, 4 (x)
2178 ⟶ 11, 3 (x)
5184 ⟶ 3, 4 (x)
6336 ⟶ 11, 3, 4 (/)
Therefore the following numbers are divisible by 132 : 264, 396, 792 and 6336.
Required number of number = 4
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
21. Option C
22. Option A
23. Option D
Let the two consecutive odd integers be (2n + 1) and (2n + 3). Then,
(2𝑛 + 3)2 - (2𝑛 + 1)2 = (2n + 3 + 2n + 1) (2n + 3 - 2n - 1)
= (4n + 4) × 2 = 8 (n + 1), which is divisible by 8.
24. Option A
25. Option D
26. Option B
27. Option D
28. Option A
29. Option C
30. Option A
31. Option A
32. Option D
(4 + 5 + 2) - (1 + 6 + 3) = 1, not divisible by 11
(2 + 6 + 4) - (4 + 5 + 2) = 1, not divisible by 11
(4 + 6 + 1) - (2 + 5 + 3) = 1, not divisible by 11
(4 + 6 + 1) - (2 + 5 + 4) = 0, So, 415624 is divisible by 11.
33. Option A
53651
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
34. Option A
(𝑎2+ 𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑏) 1 1 1
Given exp. = = = =
(𝑎3+ 𝑏3) (𝑎 + 𝑏) 753 + 247 1000
35. Option B
36. Option B
37. Option C
√0.16 = √16/100
= √16 / √100
= 4/10
= 0.4
38. Option A
39. Option A
675 =5×5×3×3 ×3
To make it a perfect cube, it must be multiplied by 5.
40. Option B
5808 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 × 11
= 22 × 22 × 3 × 112
To make it a perfect square, it must be multiplied by 3.
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
41. Option B
Sum of decimal places in the numerator and denominator under the radical sign
being the same, we remove the decimal.
Given exp. = √81 × 484 / 64 × 625
= 9 × 22 × 25
8
= 0.99
42. Option C
43. Option C
44. Option B
6 × 24 = 6 + 24 + √6 × 24
= 30 + √144
= 30 + 12
= 42
45. Option C
Money collected [ ]
= 59.29 × 100 paise
= 5929 paise
Number of members = √5929
= 77
46. Option B
1 1 5
= ×√
√5 √5 √5
√5
= 5
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
2.236 / 5 = 0.447
47. Option A
Given exp. = [ 2511 × 14
5
× 11
14
]
=5
48. Option A
Clearly a × b = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
= √52 + 122
= √25 + 144
= √169
= 13
49. Option A
50. Option D
3 √5 + √125 = 17.88
3 √5 + √25 × 5 = 17.88
3 √5 + 5 √5 = 17.88
8 √5 = 17.88
√5 = 2.235
∴ √80 + 6 √5 = √16 × 5 + 6 √5
= 4 √5 + 6 √5
= 10 √5 = (10 × 2.235) = 22.35
51. Option C
√3 − 1 √3 − 1 ( √3 − 1) 2 3 + 1 − 2 √3
y= × = = = 2 - √3
√3 + 1 √3 − 1 (3 − 1) 2
∴ 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = (2 + √3)2 + (2 − √3)2
= 2 (4 + 3)
= 14
52. Option B
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv
53. Option B
54. Option B
55. Option A
3600 = 23 × 52 × 32 × 2
To make it a perfect cube it must be divided by
52 × 32 × 2 = 45
Booklet Numerical-Numbers Maniv