Chapter 3: Logical Reasoning

Argument:

1. Premise 1: If m < n, then m – n < 0.

Premise 2: m < n

Conclusion: ________________________

2. Premise 1 : _______________________________
Premise 2: ABCD is a rectangle
Conclusion: ABCD has four right angles

3. Premise 1 : All odd numbers are not divisible by 2

Premise 2: _______________________
Conclusion: 23 is not divisible by 2

4. Premise 1 : If set B =φ , then n(B) = 0

Premise 2 _____________
Conclusion: set B ¿ φ

5. Premise 1 : All factors of 12 are factors of 24

Premise 2: ___________________________
Conclusion: 4 is a factor of 24

6. Premise 1 : If x = - 3, then x3 = - 27
Premise 2: __________________
Conclusion: x ¿ –3
 7. Premise 1: If x and y are odd numbers, then the product
of x and y is an odd number
Premise 2: ________________________________
Conclusion: The product of 3 and 5 is an odd number

8. Premise 1 : If p > 3 , then 6p > 18

Premise 2: 6p < 18
Conclusion _________________

Inductive & deductive conclusion

Inductive:
1 Given 5, 14, 29, 50 … 2. The numerical sequence
‘‘88, 82, 72, 58,’’ can be
and 5 = 2 + 3(1)2 written as
14 = 2 + 3(2)2
29 = 2 + 3(3)2 88 = 90 – 2 ¿ 1
50 = 2 + 3(4)2 82 = 90 – 2 ¿ 4
…………… 72 = 90 – 2 ¿ 9
58 = 90 – 2 ¿ 16
General conclusion… …………..
General conclusion…

3 Given 2, 9, 16, 23, …… 4. Given 3, 24, 81, 192, ……

And 2 = 2 + 7(0) and 3 = 3(1)3

9 = 2 + 7(1) 24 = 3(2)3
16 = 2 + 7(2) 81 = 3(3)3
23 = 2 + 7(3) 192 = 3(4)3
…………
……..
General conclusion :.. General conclusion :..
 …………………………… ……………………………

5 Given 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ……

and 1 = 3 ¿1 – 2
4 = 3 ¿2 – 2
7 = 3 ¿3 – 2
10 = 3 ¿ 4 – 2
13 = 3 ¿ 5 – 2

General conclusion :
…………………………………………………

Overall exercise:
1. (a) : Complete the premise in the following argument.
Premise 1: If JKL is an equilateral triangle, then
the value of its interior angle is 60o
Premise 2:
____________________________________________________
__
Conclusion: The value of the interior angle of
o
JKL is 60 .

(b): Write down two implications based on the following

sentence.
x > y if and only if x – y > 0

2. (a) Complete the conclusion in the following argument.

 Premise 1 : All regular hexagons have 6 equal
sides.
Premise 2 : ABCDEF is a regular hexagon.
Conclusion :
…………………………………………….

(b) Make a conclusion by induction for a list of numbers

9,29, 57, 93,……that follow the patterns below :
9 = 4(2)2 – 7
29 = 4(3)2 – 7
57 = 4(4)2 – 7
93 = 4(5)2 – 7

3. (a) Write down converse, inverse and contrapositive based

on the following sentence
If m3 = 1000, then if m = 10

(b) Complete the premise in the following argument :

Premise 1 : All hexagons have six sides.

Premise 2 :
……………………………………………………………………
……….……
 Conclusion : PQRSTU has six sides.

4. (a) Write down Premise 2 to complete the following

argument:
Premise 1 : If M is a multiple of 6, then M is a
multiple of 3.
Premise 2 :
……………………………………………………..
Conclusion : 23 is not a multiple of 6.

(b) Make a general conclusion by induction for the

sequence of numbers 7, 14, 27, …which follows the
following pattern.
7 = 3(2)1 + 1
14 = 3(2)2 + 2
27 = 3(2)3 + 3
… = …………

(c) Write down two implications based on the following

statement:

“ p – q > 0 if and only if p > q”

Implication 1 :
……………………………………………………………………
Implication 2 :
…………………………………………………………………...