petal

modified leaf of a flower; draws in bees and other pollinators with colors
stamen
male reproductive organ of a flower; consists of the anther and the filament
anther
head of the stamen; releases pollen
filament
connects the anther to the rest of the flower
pistil
female reproductive organ of a plant; takes in pollen and fuses it with the ovules to
create seeds
stigma
head of the pistil; sticky to catch pollen from the air
style
connects the stigma to the ovary
ovary
creates ovules; fertilized ovary becomes fruit
ovules
fuse with pollen to create seeds
nectaries
produce sweet nectar to attract pollinators
roots
secure plants to the ground; absorb water and transport it to other parts of the
plant; can send electrical and/or chemical signals in some plants
cotyledon
leaf found in the embryo of a seed; nourishes the seed and first leaf/leaves to
appear
petiole
joins a leaf to the stem
leaf
part of a plant connected by the petiole to the stem; absorbs sunlight to create
photosynthesis
vascular bundles
vessels that conduct water throughout a plant; xylem and phloem
sepal
leaf/leaves that grow around a flower
terminal bud
primary bud at the top of a plant; causes the plant to grow
mosses/liverworts
plants without vascular systems, absorb water and nutrients through the air; most
commonly found in damp shady areas, but can survive anywhere; reproduce by
spores; least advanced plant group
ferns
plants with vascular systems; reproduce by spores or in some cases vegetatively
gymnosperms
non-flowering plants without fruit; reproduce from cones or burls
angiosperms
vascular flowering plants; majority of plants on Earth; some form fruit; most
advanced group of plants
photosynthesis
process by which plants synthesize sugar/energy/glucose from carbon dioxide and
water, and sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll
pollination
the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
self-pollination
pollination within the same plant
cross-pollination
pollination across two plants
methods of pollination
animals, attracted by nectar and bright colors; wind
Explain the evolution of plants.
evolved 460 million years ago from an aquatic green alga protist, evolved vascular
tissues, seeds, and flowers for life on land, oxygenated earth leading to physical
(e.g. create soil), chemical (e.g. oxygenated air), and biological (e.g. animals can
now evolve) changes
List the methods by which plants defend themselves.
tough exterior (lignin/waxy cuticles); sharp structures (thorns, spines, trichomes
[small sharp hairs], traphides [microscopic sharp crystals]) and/or toxins; chemical
airborne, electrical, or hormonal warning signals, touch-sensitive movement,
breach recognition and reinforcement, or self-destruction; sending parasites after
predators