ANN vs BNN

1. Size: Our brain contains about 86 billion neurons and more than a 100 synapses (connections). The
number of “neurons” in artificial networks is much less than that.

2. Signal transport and processing: The human brain works asynchronously, ANNs work synchronously.

3. Processing speed: Single biological neurons are slow, while standard neurons in ANNs are fast

4. Topology: Biological neural networks have complicated topologies, while ANNs are often in a tree
structure.

5. Power consumption: the brain consumes about 20% of all the human body’s energy — despite it’s
large cut, an adult brain operates on about 20 watts being extremely efficient. Our machines are way
less efficient than biological systems. Computers also generate a lot of heat when used, with consumer
GPUs operating safely between 50–80°Celsius instead of 36.5–37.5 °C.

6. Field of application: ANNs are specialized. They can perform one task. They might be perfect at
playing chess, but they fail at playing go (or vice versa). Biological neural networks can learn completely
new tasks.

Learning rules:

An artificial neural network’s learning rule is a method, mathematical logic or

algorithm which improves the network performance and /or training time

This rule is applied repeatedly over the network (iterative process)

It is done by updating the parameters (weights) of a network.

Learning rule may accept the existing parameter of the network and will compare
the expected output with the actual output and improve values for weights.

The different learning rules in the Neural network are:

1. Hebbian learning rule – It identifies, how to modify the weights of nodes of a network.

2. Perceptron learning rule – Network starts its learning by assigning a random value to each weight.

3. Delta learning rule – Modification in the weight of a node is equal to the multiplication of error and
the input.
4. Correlation learning rule – weights between responding neurons should be more positive, and
weights between neurons with opposite reaction should be more negative

ANN LEARNING PARADIGMS

ANN learning paradigms can be classified as supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning.

Supervised learning is the types of machine learning in which machines are trained using well "labelled"
training data, and on basis of that data, machines predict the output. The labelled data means some input
data is already tagged with the correct output.

Example:

Supervised learning is a process of providing input data as well as correct output data to the machine
learning model. The aim of a supervised learning algorithm is to find a mapping function to map the
input variable(x) with the output variable(y).

Advantages of Supervised learning:

1. With the help of supervised learning, the model can predict the output on the basis of
prior experiences.
2. In supervised learning, we can have an exact idea about the classes of objects.
3. Supervised learning model helps us to solve various real-world problems such as fraud
detection, spam filtering, etc.

Disadvantages of Supervised learning:

1. Supervised learning models are not suitable for handling the complex tasks.
 2. Supervised learning cannot predict the correct output if the test data is different from the
training dataset.
3. Training required lots of computation times.

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models are trained using unlabelled
dataset and are allowed to act on that data without any supervision.

Example:

Suppose the unsupervised learning algorithm is given an input dataset containing images of different
types of cats and dogs. The algorithm is never trained upon the given dataset, which means it does not
have any idea about the features of the dataset. The task of the unsupervised learning algorithm is to
identify the image features on their own. Unsupervised learning algorithm will perform this task by
clustering the image dataset into the groups according to similarities between images.frei

Advantages of unsupervised learning:

1. Unsupervised learning is used for more complex tasks as compared to supervised

learning because, in unsupervised learning, we don't have labelled input data.
2. Unsupervised learning is preferable as it is easy to get unlabelled data in comparison to
labelled data.