COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus

Registrar Office, Principal Seat, Islamabad

Form for Approval of Synopsis of Graduate Programs Students (MS/MBA/PhD) of CUI

Student’s Details:

Registration No: SP19-RMT-001 Name: SHERAZ MEHMOOD

Father’s Name: MUHAMMAD SHAFI Program Name: MS-Mathematics (RMT)
Area of Specialization (if any as per
approved SoS):

Supervisor/Co-Supervisor’s Details:
Supervisor’s Name and Designation: Dr. Shabieh Farwa (Assistant Professor/ HoD)
Co-Supervisor’s Name and Designation: N.A

Synopsis Title (Capitalize each word except connecting words):

A Study of Toeplitz Matrices With Some Number Sequences

Recommended & Signed by Supervisory Committee (Name & Signature):

1. …………………………………..…………………..…………. Supervisor/Convener
2. …………………………….……………………………………. Co-Supervisor (if any)/Member
3. …………………….……………………………………………. Member
4. ………………………………………………………….………. Member

Recommended & Signed by Department Graduate Advisory Committee (Name & Signature)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Signed by Student: …………………………………………………………

Signed & Recommended by HoD on the basis of Turnitin Similarity Report (attached)…..

Signed and approved by the respective Dean: ………………………………………………..

 COMSATS University Islamabad,
Wah Campus

Synopsis for the degree of  M.S./M.Phil. Ph.D.

PART-1 (to be completed by the student)

Name of Student SHERAZ MEHMOOD

Department Mathematics
Registration No. SP19-RMT-001
Name of (i) Research Supervisor Dr. Shabieh Farwa
(ii) Co - Supervisor N.A

Members of Supervisory Committee (Applicable for PhD students only)

1.

2.

3.

4.

Title of Research Proposal A Study of Toeplitz Matrices With Some Number

Sequences
Summary of the Research Proposal

A Toeplitz matrix is a square matrix in which descending diagonal is constant from left to
right. Otto Toeplitz introduced the concept of Toeplitz matrices. There has been a vast study
on different types and families of matrices having entries from certain specific number
sequences. In the proposed work, we are interested in reinvestigating some of the most
important properties of this famous class of square matrices, having entries from Fibonacci
numbers, Jacobsthal numbers and some of their generalizations. We are also interested to
see the behavior of such matrices while discussing symmetric, circulant and triangular
matrices among the class of Toeplitz matrices. We aim to find the Euclidean norm for such
matrices and in addition to this we determine the lower and upper bounds for the spectral
norms of the aforementioned matrices, having entries from a variety of number sequences.

Introduction
Otto Toeplitz introduced the Toeplitz matrix as a square matrix in which every descending
diagonal is constant from the left to the right. Toeplitz matrices and their subclasses have
wider applications in pure mathematics including analysis [4], algebraic geometry [12],
probability [11], graph theory [3], differential geometry [10]. Based on the highly attractive
properties, this class of matrices seems agreeable to a broader range of apparently unrelated
algorithms. In this regard, inversion, determinant’s computation, matrices multiplication
and LU decomposition of Toeplitz matrices has been the most common focus of research
problems relating to linear algebra and many other fields including image processing,
algebraic coding theory and digital signal processing etc.
These matrices play a vital role in concluding general results relating to the error correction
problems when every row is a right cyclic shift of the preceding row. This kind of a Toeplitz
matrix is commonly known as a circulant matrix. The study of both the Toeplitz and the
circulant matrices become more interesting and significantly applicable when these
matrices have entries from certain number sequences.
In the available literature, a significant work can be seen based on the study of matrices
having entries from the famous Fibonacci sequence [Koshy-2001]. Fibonacci sequence was
introduced by Leonardo of Pisa better known as Fibonacci. In this sequence every term is
obtained by adding the previous two terms. Interestingly, every two consecutive terms of
this sequence are relatively prime.
Karaduman [5] studied an application of Fibonacci numbers in matrices. Later on, Kayabas
[6] defined Toeplitz and Hankle matrices with entries from k- Fibonacci sequence and she
found the upper bounds for the Euclidean norms of both of these matrices. Solak [14]
revisited this problem by considering the circulant matrices. A continuation of this work is
presented in [1] and the authors calculated the upper and lower bounds for the spectral
norms of Toepliz matrices based on Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. Kirklar and Yilmaz [8]
presented some interesting techniques for evaluation of the determinant of some special
cases of the circulant matrices with generalized number sequences. By a detailed study of
the above mentioned work, it seems quite interesting to study the properties of different
types of square matrices by considering some other number sequences which have not been
considered before.
In this research work, we are interested to study the basic properties of some other
sequences such as Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers and some generalizations of these
numbers. We are further interested in applying the properties of Fibonacci and Lucas
numbers on some special types of Toeplitz matrices. We aim to find the inverse of such
matrices. We are also interested to see the behavior of the Toepliz matrices while discussing
some particular forms such as symmetric, circulant and triangular matrices among the class
of Toeplitz matrices. We aim to find the Euclidean norms for such matrices and in addition
to this we determine the lower and upper bounds for the spectral norms of the
aforementioned matrices, having entries from a variety of number sequences.

Statement of the problem

Let Tn = [tij ]n −1i , j =0 be a Toeplitz matrix where tij = ti − j then we obtain the following

square matrix
 t0 t−1 t−2 t1− n 
t t0 t−1 t2− n 
Tn =  1
 t2 t1 t0 t3 − n 
 
tn −1 tn − 2 tn −3 t0 

We aim to investigate the properties of some other classes of the above matrix by assigning
a variation to the entries of such matrices under some recurrence relations. In this regard,
we will apply Fibonacci numbers to such types of the Toeplitz matrices which are not been
studied yet, such as the triangular Toeplitz matrices and the symmetric Toeplitz matrices.
We will further discuss some relationships between the Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas
numbers. In order to write the expression of a general Toeplitz matrix, we will extend these
sequences for the negative values of n also. Then by defining some special types of these
matrices having entries from the aforementioned sequences, we will find the Euclidean
norm for such matrices and in addition to this we will determine the lower and upper bounds
for the spectral norms of these matrices.

Research Methodology
The entire work will carried through the following steps;
• First of all we have a detailed study of the properties and types of the Toeplitz
matrices.
• We study different types of number sequences along with their detailed properties.
• With the help of these properties of the selected number sequences, we perform
calculations to find the Euclidean norm for some subclasses of the under-study
matrices and we further determine the lower and upper bounds for the spectral
norms of these matrices.

Bibliography
[1] Akbulak, M. , Bozkurt, D.: On the norms of Toeplitz matrices involving Fibonacci
and Lucas numbers, Hacettepe 37(2), 89-95, 2008
[2] Bernik, J., Dernovsek, R., KoKol Bukovsek, D., Kosir,T., Omladic, M., Radjavi, H.:
On Semitransitive Jordan algebras of matrices, Algebra and its Application, 10(2), 319-
333, 2011
[3] Euler, R.: Characterizing bipartite Toeplitz graphs, Theoretical Computer Science, 263
(1-2), 47-58, 2001
[4] Grenander, U., Szego,G.: Toeplitz Forms and Their Applications, 2 nd Ed., Chelsea
publishing, New York, 1984.
[5] Karaduman, E.: An application of Fibonacci numbers in matrices, Applied
Mathematics and Computation 147 , 903-908, 2004
[6] Kayabas, H.: The applications of k-Fibonacci sequences (Selcuk University Graduate
School of Natural, Applied Science, Ms Thesis, 2006).
[7] Koshy, T.: Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications(Wiley- Interscience
Publications, 2001).
[8] Kirklar, E. , Yilmaz, F.: On the determinants of some kinds of circulant-type matrices
with generalized number sequences, Spec. Matrices(3), 235-243, 2015
[9] Mathias, R.: The spectral norm of nonnegative matrix, Linear Algebra and its
Applications 139, 269-284, 1990
[10]Ma, X., Marinescu G.: Toeplitz operators on symplectic manifolds,Geometric
Analysis 18(2), 565-611, 2008
[11] Poland, D.: Toeplitz matrices and random walks with memory, physica A: statistical
Mechanics and its Applications 223(1-2) ,113-124,1996
[12] Rietsch, K. : Totally positive Toeplitz matrices and quantum cohomology of partial
flag varieties, American mathematical society 16 (2) , 363-392, 2002
[13] Solak, S.: On the norms of circulant matrices with the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers,
Applied mathematics and computation 160(1), 125-132, 2005
[14] Vajda, S.: Fibonacci, Lucas Numbers, the Golden Section: Theory and
Applications(Ellis Horwood Ltd.,1989)

Tentative Time Table

 Months/Stages Sept. to Nov. to Jan. to March to May to June to
Oct. Dec. Feb. April June July
2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021
Literature Sept. to
review Oct.
2020
Problem Nov. to
formulation Dec.
2020
Solving Jan. to
Problem Feb.
2021
Paper March to
Submission April
2021
Write up and May to
submission of June
thesis 2021
More June to
extensions of July
Problem 2021

PART II
 Signature by the Student:

Name: --------------------------- Signature----------------------- Date _____________

Recommendation by the Research Supervisor

The proposed work appears to be a good addition in this area of study. The amount of work is
sufficient to be presented as MS thesis. Most of the work has already been completed by the
scholar whereas we look forward for remaining problems to be solved within the proposed time
frame.

Name: Dr. Shabieh Farwa Signature ___________ Date__________

Signed by Supervisory Committee (Applicable for PhD students only)

S. # Name of Committee Member Designation Signature and Date

1
2
3
4

Approved by Departmental Advisory Committee

Certified that the synopsis has been seen by members of DAC and considered it suitable for
putting up to BASAR.

Secretary
Departmental Advisory Committee

Name: _______________________ ___________Signature:__________________________

Date:________________________

Chairman/HoD ____________________________________

Signature: ______________________________

Date ______________________________
PART III
 Dean, Faculty of Sciences

________________ Approved for placement before BASAR.

________________ Not Approved on the basis of following reasons

Signature ______________________________ Date ________________

Secretary BASAR

________________ Approved from BASAR.

________________ Not Approved on the basis of the following reasons

Signature ______________________________ Date ________________

Dean Faculty of Sciences

Remarks:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________________ Date______________________

APO Dean Faculty of Sciences