Professional Documents
Culture Documents
!O:EN:MBHGH?MA>'>>IBG\BM.!( KN@,K>O>GMBHG,KH@K:F
;R
*:G<R>KG:E
0A>LBL/N;FBMM>=BG,:KMB:E"NE?BEEF>GM
H?MA>.>JNBK>F>GML?HKMA> >@K>>H?
W
):LM>KH?,N;EB<$>:EMA
IE
EV
:EB?HKGB::IMBLM1GBO>KLBMR
N@NLM
PR
W
IE
EV
PR
U
*:G<R>KG:E
0A>HEE>@>H?$>:EMA /<B>G<>
:EB?HKGB::IMBLM1GBO>KLBMR
.BO>KLB=> :EB?HKGB:
0ABLBLMH<>KMB?RMA:MMA>):LM>K\L0A>LBLH?
*:G<R>KG:E
A:LF>MMA>MA>LBLK>JNBK>F>GML
?HKMA>=>@K>>H?
):LM>KH?,N;EB<$>:EMA
IIKHO>=;R
W
.H;>KM# (:A:NLL> ,A IE
,KH?>LLHK
>I:KMF>GMH?,N;EB<$>:EMA/<B>G<>L
:EB?HKGB::IMBLM1GBO>KLBMR
EV
/:G@FBG'BF !=
,KH?>LLHK
PR
>I:KMF>GMH?,N;EB<$>:EMA/<B>G<>L
:EB?HKGB::IMBLM1GBO>KLBMR
HFFBMM>>)>F;>K
;LMK:<M
>??><MBO>G>LLH?MA>D>>IBG\BM.!(DB.=KN@IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:F:FHG@:=HE>L<>GML
ARIHMA>LBS>=MA:MLMN=>GMLPAHK><>BO>=MA>DB.IKH@K:FPHNE=K>IHKM:=><K>:L>BG0+ NL>
W
BGM>GMBHGMHNL>0+ K>LBLM:G<>LDBEEL :G=L>E? >??B<:<RMHK>?NL>0+ H??>KL<HFI:K>=MH
IE
LMN=>GMLPAH=B=GHMK><>BO>MA>DB.IKH@K:F L>KB>LH?MPH P:RK>I>:M>= F>:LNK>L*+2L
P>K>NL>=MH>Q:FBG><A:G@>LBGHNM<HF>O:KB:;E>L;>MP>>GMA>MK>:MF>GM:G=<HFI:KBLHG
EV
@KHNI .>LNEMLBG=B<:M>MA:MMA>K>P:LGH>??><MH?MA>DB.IKH@K:FHG:GRH?MA>HNM<HF>
;>A:OBHKL:G=PA>MA>KA>:EMA>=N<:MHKLLAHNE=<HGMBGN>MHNL>MA>DB.IKH@K:FMHK>=N<>0+
PR
NL>:FHG@:=HE>L<>GMLBGAB@AL<AHHE
!3F-=?2@?B5&?3C3<A7=<2=:3@13<A@(3@7@A/<13)97::@
<DGHPE>=@F>GML
=>M>KFBG:MBHGG>>=>=MH<HFIE>M>MABLIKHC><MLN<<>LL?NEER
%PHNE=EBD>MH:<DGHPE>=@>:G=@BO>FRP:KF>LMMA:GDLMHFRMA>LBL:=OBLHK K .H;>KM
# (:A:NLL> 0A:GDRHN?HK@BOBG@F>MA>HIIHKMNGBMRMH=HK>L>:K<A:G=IKHOB=BG@BGO:EN:;E>
PHKDPHNE=GHMA:O>;>>GIHLLB;E> %PHNE=:ELHEBD>MH>QM>G=FR@K:MBMN=>MHP:K=L&>LLB<:
W
F>F;>KL K 'BF:G= K K:D> ?HKLA:KBG@MA>BKB=>:L:G=IKHOB=BG@MA>BKO:EN:;E><HFF>GML
IE
:G=LN@@>LMBHGL %MP:L:@K>:MIKBOBE>@>:G=AHGHKMHPHKD:G=LMN=RNG=>K:EEH?RHN 0A:GD
RHN?HKF:DBG@MABLLMN=RIHLLB;E>:G=IK>I:KBG@F>?HKFR?NMNK>
EV
(:LM ;NM<>KM:BGERGHME>:LM %PHNE=EBD>MH@BO>LI><B:EMA:GDLMHFR?:FBER:G=?KB>G=L
PAHF:=>MABLCHNKG>R>G=NK:;E>:G=F>FHK:;E> 0A:GDRHN?HKK>FBG=BG@F>MHE:N@ABGMBF>L
:IIK><B:M>=
0:;E>H?HGM>GML
(BLMH?0:;E>L BO
(BLMH?"B@NK>L O
%GMKH=N<MBHG
(BM>K:MNK>.>OB>P
KN@1L>FHG@=HE>L<>GML
W
'>>IBG\BM.!(,KH@K:F
,KH@K:F!O:EN:MBHG
IE
,KH<>LL!O:EN:MBHG)>MAH=L
EV
%FIE>F>GM:MBHG"B=>EBMR
%FI:<M!O:EN:MBHG)>MAH=L
HG<ENLBHG
PR
,NKIHL>H?MA>/MN=R
.>L>:K<A-N>LMBHGL
$RIHMA>L>L
)>MAH=
,:KMB<BI:GM.><KNBMF>GM:G=/>MMBG@
,KH<>=NK>L:G=%GLMKNF>GM:MBHG
)>:LNK>L
.>LNEML
B
%FIE>F>GM:MBHG"B=>EBMR
:M:G:ERLBL
NKK>GME<HAHE1L>,:LM=:RL
NKK>GM0H;:<<H1L>,:LM=:RL
NKK>GM):KBCN:G:1L>,:LM=:RL
NKK>GM2:I>1L>,:LM=:RL
%GM>GMBHGLH?E<HAHE1L>
%GM>GMBHGLH?0H;:<<H1L>
%GM>GMBHGLH?):KBCN:G:1L>
W
%GM>GMBHGLH?%EE>@:E KN@1L>
OHB=E<HAHE1L>
IE
OHB=0H;:<<H1L>
EV
OHB=):KBCN:G:1L>
BL<NLLBHG
/NFF:KRH?):CHK"BG=BG@L
/MN=R(BFBM:MBHGL
BB
"NMNK>.>L>:K<A
,N;EB<$>:EMA%FIEB<:MBHGL
/NFF:KR
.>?>K>G<>L
II>G=BQ+O>KOB>PH?(>LLHGL
II>G=BQHGL>GM"HKF
II>G=BQHGL>GM"HKF/I:GBLA2>KLBHG
II>G=BQ!(>MM>KH?/NIIHKM
W
II>G=BQ"'>>IBG\BM.!("B=>EBMR(H@L
IE
II>G=BQ#'>>IBG\BM.!(+;L>KO:MBHG"HKF
PR
BBB
(BLMH?0:;E>L
W
IE
EV
PR
BO
(BLMH?"B@NK>L
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBGNKK>GME<HAHE1L>?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBGE<HAHE1L>?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM/>GLBMBOBMRG:ERLBL
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG0H;:<<H1L>?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG):KBCN:G:1L>?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG2:I>1L>?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
W
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBGE<HAHE1L>%GM>GMBHGL?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
IE
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG0H;:<<H1L>%GM>GMBHGL?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG):KBCN:G:1L>%GM>GMBHGL?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
EV
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG%EE>@:E KN@1L>%GM>GMBHGL?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
PR
O
W
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG/MN=>GML\/>E? !??B<:<RMH.>?NL>:/MK:G@>K\L0+
+??>K?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
IE
"B@NK> *H/B@GB?B<:GMA:G@>LBG/MN=>GML\/>E? !??B<:<RMH.>?NL>:"KB>G=\L0+ +??>K
EV
?KHF,K>M>LMMH,HLMM>LM
PR
OB
3974):(9.43
W
0+ NL>A:L;>>GEBGD>=MHL>O>K:EIARLB<:E:G=F>GM:EA>:EMA<HGL>JN>G<>LBG<EN=BG@<:G<>K
IE
HO>K=HL> =>IK>LLBHG :GQB>MR :G=LNB<B=>/)$/ /MN=>GMLPAHNL>0+ =NKBG@
MA>BK:=HE>L<>G<>:K>:M:GBG<K>:L>=KBLDH?=KHIIBG@HNMH?L<AHHE/)$/
EV
HGL>JN>GMER :=HE>L<>GMLPAH=KHIHNMH?L<AHHE:K>FHK>EBD>ERMA:GMA>BKI>>KLPAH:K>
>GKHEE>=BGL<AHHEMHA:O>AB@A>KK:M>LH?<KBFBG:E;>A:OBHK:G=BG<:K<>K:MBHG/)$/
/>O>K:EL<AHHE ;:L>==KN@IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FL?HKRHNMAA:O>;>>G=>O>EHI>=MHK>=N<>
IKH@K:FL:K>FHK>>??><MBO>MA:GHMA>KLBGK>=N<BG@>:KERBGBMB:MBHGH?0+ NL>:G=
E>LL>??><MBO>MA:GIKH@K:FL=>EBO>K>=BG:GBGM>K:<MBO>P:R> @ @NB=>==BL<NLLBHG:FHG@
IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FLBLBFIHKM:GMLHMA:MIN;EB<A>:EMAIKH?>LLBHG:EL:G=IHEB<RF:D>KL<:G
:=OH<:M>?HK:G=BFIE>F>GMIKH@K:FLMA:M:K>>??><MBO>BGK>=N<BG@:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>
W
IE
EV
PR
.9*7&9:7* *;.*<
7:,#8*243,)41*8(*398
MA>BGBMB:MBHGH?F:KBCN:G:NL>BGMA>I:LMR>:KP:L <HFI:K>=MH:=HE>L<>GMLG:MBHGPB=>
W
H?L>O>GMA@K:=>KL H?GBGMA@K:=>KL :G=H?>E>O>GMA@K:=>KLNL>=:E<HAHEHK=KN@LBG
IE
MA>I:LM=:RL$'/ %G.BO>KLB=>HNGMR H?:=HE>L<>GMLBG@K:=>LL>O>G
$'/
PR
438*6:*3(*84+"#8*
=HE>L<>GMLPAHNL>0+ :K>:MI:KMB<NE:KKBLD?HKG>@:MBO>A>:EMA:G=LH<B:E
PBMAMA>BK:<:=>FB<I>K?HKF:G<> BG<K>:LBG@MA>BKKBLDH?=KHIIBG@HNMH?L<AHHEHMOBG
E>:=BG@MH:==BMBHG:EA>:EMA<:K><HLML :G=:GBG<K>:L>==>F:G=HGMA>CNO>GBE>:G=<KBFBG:E
W
:E ==BMBHG:EER :=HE>L<>GMLPAH:;NL>=KN@LPBMAG>>=E>LBG<K>:L>MA>BKKBLDH?
IE
<HGMK:<MBG@;EHH= ;HKG>=BL>:L>LEBD>$%2 % /:G=$>I:MBMBL$:PDBGL>M:E >LIBM>
.80&(9478+47)41*8(*39"#8*
0A>FHLM<HFFHG:G=L>KBHNLKBLD?:<MHKL?HK:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>BG<EN=>;HMA
PR
:=HE>L<>GMLPBMA:GQB>MR:K>:M@K>:M>KKBLD?HK0+ NL>;><:NL>MA>R:K>FHK>EBD>ERMHRB>E=
I>KBH=?HKMA>=>O>EHIF>GMH?F:CHK=>IK>LLBO>LRFIMHFL:LP>EE:L0+ =>I>G=>G<>
?NKMA>KNL>H?0+ :G=K>LNEMBG@BG:FHK>K:IB=IKH@K>LLBHGMH=>I>G=>G<>(>FRK>>M:E
W
G>B@A;HKAHH=BGPAB<A:G:=HE>L<>GMEBO>LBL@>G>K:EERIK>=B<MBO>H?0+ NL> "HK>Q:FIE>
IE
:=HE>L<>GMLPAHEBO>BG=BL:=O:GM:@>=G>B@A;HKAHH=L:K>FHK>EBD>ERMH;>H??>K>=0+
<HFI:K>=MH:=HE>L<>GMLPAHEBO>BGFHK>LM:;E>:G=E>LL=BL:=O:GM:@>=G>B@A;HKAHH=L
EV
$:G=E>R>M:E L:K>LNEM :=HE>L<>GML?KHF=BL:=O:GM:@>=G>B@A;HKAHH=LA:O>@K>:M>K
LN;LM:G<>LBGMA>G>B@A;HKAHH= MA>L<AHHE>GOBKHGF>GMBL:ELH:GBFIHKM:GMBG=B<:MHKH?0+
PR
I>K=:RPBMABGL<AHHEIK>FBL>L>O>KR=:R ,K>OBHNLK>L>:K<ALN@@>LMLMA:MLMN=>GMLPAH?>>E
>FHMBHG:EER<HGG><M>=MHMA>BKL<AHHEF:R;>FHK>EBD>ERMHK>IHKMI>>K\L=>OB:GM;>A:OBHK:G=
E>LLEBD>ERMHNL>0+ MA:GLMN=>GMLPAH?>>E=BL<HGG><M>=?KHFMA>BKL<AHHE#K:G:>M:E
:=HE>L<>GMLF:R;>@BGMH:LLH<B:M>PBMA=>EBGJN>GM:G=LN;LM:G<> NLBG@I>>KLMH@:BGLH<B:E
IK>O>GMBHGBGL<AHHELBLG><>LL:KRMHK>=N<>:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>
.8947>4+"7*;*39.43.3!(-4418
+G>H?MA>FHLM>??><MBO>0+ IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FL?HKRHNMABLMA>(B?>/DBEEL0K:BGBG@(/0
W
F:G:@>F>GMLDBEEL LH<B:ELDBEEL :G=HMA>K<H@GBMBO> ;>A:OBHK:ELDBEELG>>=>=MHK>=N<>0+
IE
NL>:FHG@:=HE>L<>GMLHMOBG (/0P:L=>O>EHI>=;:L>=HG:LH<B:E <H@GBMBO>:IIKH:<A
MHIK>O>GMBHG;><:NL>IK>OBHNLLMN=B>LLN@@>LMMA:MBG?HKF:MBHG=BLL>FBG:MBHG:IIKH:<A>LMA:M
EV
IKHOB=>LMN=>GMLPBMABG?HKF:MBHG:;HNMMA>=:G@>KLH?0+ :K>GHM>??><MBO>BGK>=N<BG@
IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FLEBFBMMA>:FHNGMH?BGLMKN<MBHG:BF>=:MBG<K>:LBG@LMN=>GMDGHPE>=@>HK
**5.3A.9 74,7&2
'>>IBG\BM.!(DB.BL:G>OB=>G<> ;:L>==KN@IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FMA:MNL>L?HNK
W
E>LLHGIKH@K:F
IE
<<HK=BG@MH$HI?>K>M:E MA>DB.IKH@K:FBL;:L>=HGL>O>K:EMA>HKB>L BG<EN=BG@
<HFFNGB<:MBHG<HFI>M>G<>:LMA>:;BEBMRMHNL>:G>??><MBO>:G=:IIKHIKB:M><HFFNGB<:MBHG
K>E:MBHGLABI;>MP>>G;HMAI:KMB>LBLF:BGM:BG>= HFFNGB<:MBHGHFI>M>G<>0A>HKRB=>GMB?B>L
0A>DGHPE>=@><HFIHG>GMP:L@NB=>=;R*:KK:MBO>0A>HKR PAB<ALN@@>LMLMA:M:=HE>L<>GML
F:R;>MM>KNG=>KLM:G=MA><HGM>QMH?=KN@NL>;RH;L>KOBG@:G=EBLM>GBG@MHMA>LMHKB>LH?HMA>KL
M>:<ABG@K>?NL:ELMK:M>@B>LBG=KN@H??>KLBMN:MBHGL;R>GA:G<BG@LMN=>GML\B=>GMB?B<:MBHGPBMA
0A>FHMBO:MBHG<HFIHG>GMP:L@NB=>=;RMA>"H<NL0A>HKRH?*HKF:MBO>HG=N<M PAB<A
GHKFLMA>P:RI>HIE>?>>EMA:MHMA>KLHN@AMMH;>A:O>BG:@KHNI :G=I>KLHG:EGHKFLAHP:G
A:O>;>>GLMKHG@EREBGD>=MH:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>;>A:OBHK:G=;>EB>?L:;HNMMA>:<<>IM:;BEBMR
.>LBEB>G<>,>KLI><MBO> PAB<ALN@@>LMLMA:MIKHM><MBO>?:<MHKLF:R;N??>KMA>>??><MLH?KBLD
W
L>E? HMA>KL :G=K>E:MBHGLABIL 0HIKH=N<>=>LBK:;E>HNM<HF>L :=HE>L<>GMLG>>=:<HF;BG:MBHGH?
IE
:=>JN:M>DGHPE>=@> FHMBO:MBHG :G=LDBEEL#HLBG>M:E +O>K:EE MA>L>MA>HKB>LIKHOB=>:
;:LBL?HKMA><HGM>GM:G=LMKN<MNK>H?MA>DB.IKH@K:F$HI?>K>M:E
EV
,K>OBHNLLMN=B>LHGDB.A:O>NMBEBS>=>QI>KBF>GM:E=>LB@GLMH>Q:FBG>MA>>??><MBO>G>LL
H?MA>IKH@K:F:G=MH=>M>KFBG>PA>MA>KMA>IKH@K:F<:NL>=:GBFI:<MHG:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>
K:G=HFER:LLB@G>=MHMA><HGMKHE@KHNIHKH?O>KLBHGLH?MA>DB.IKH@K:F)>QB<:G
BGMA>MK>:MF>GM@KHNIK>IHKM>=:=HIMBG@FHK>K>LBLM:G<>LMK:M>@B>L<HFI:K>=MHLMN=>GMLBGMA>
MA>MK>:MF>GM@KHNIK>IHKM>=LB@GB?B<:GMERE>LLNL>H?:E<HAHE:G=F:KBCN:G:$><AM>M:E
L:K>LNEM MA>DB.IKH@K:F=>FHGLMK:M>=LM:MBLMB<:EERLB@GB?B<:GM>??><MLHGMA>NL>H?K>LBLM:G<>
<HG=N<M>=:LMN=RHG):GM>GM>.!( :<NEMNK:EER:=:IM>=/I:GBLAE:G@N:@>O>KLBHGH?MA>DB.
@K:=>LMN=>GMLBG?HNKIN;EB<L<AHHELP>K>K:G=HFER:LLB@G>=MHMA>MK>:MF>GM@KHNIHKMA>
):GM>GM>.!(F:GN:EBS>=IKH@K:F "BG=BG@LBG=B<:M>MA:MLMN=>GMLPAHK><>BO>=MA>):GM>GM>
.!(IKH@K:FK>IHKM>=K>E:MBO>ERE>LL?K>JN>GMNL>H?:E<HAHE:G=BEEB<BM=KN@LHMA>KMA:G
F:KBCN:G:<HFI:K>=MHLMN=>GMLPAH=B=GHMK><>BO>MA>IKH@K:F'NEBL>M:E
W
IKH@K:FP:LMA>FHLM;KH:=ER>??><MBO> A:OBG@BFI:<MLHG;HMA:E<HAHE:G=F:KBCN:G:NL>!E>D
IE
>M:E 'NEBL>M:E >QI:G=>=HGMABL=:M:;R>Q:FBGBG@=B??>K>G<>LBG@>G=>K
:<NEMNK:EER@KHNG=>=I:K>GMBG@<HFIHG>GM<:EE>=":FBEB:L,K>I:K:G=HE:*N>O:#>G>K:<BHG
PR
",*#MHMA>.0 ,:KMB<BI:GMLP>K>LNKO>R>=:MMA>;>@BGGBG@H?MA@K:=>:G=:MMA>>G=H?
P>K>E>LLEBD>ERMHNL>:E<HAHE:G=<B@:K>MM>L:M?HEEHP NI <HFI:K>=MHRHNMAPAHHGER
?BG=BG@L:ELHLN@@>LMMA:M:<HF;BG:MBHGH?<NEMNK:EER@KHNG=>=I:K>GM:G=RHNMABGM>KO>GMBHGL
.0L=>EBO>KMA>AB@A>LME>O>EH?>OB=>G<>LNKKHNG=BG@MA>>??><MH?MA>DB.IKH@K:FHG
:=HE>L<>GM0+ NL>
74,7&2;&1:&9.43
,KH@K:F>O:EN:MBHG<:GBG?HKF=><BLBHGL:;HNM?NMNK>A>:EMAIKHFHMBHG:G==BL>:L>
IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FL;R>Q:FBGBG@MA>>??><MBO>G>LL:G=>??B<B>G<RH?>QBLMBG@IKH@K:FL
>O:EN:MBHG?HKF:MBO>:G=LNFF:MBO> "HKF:MBO>>O:EN:MBHGL:K><HG=N<M>==NKBG@IKH@K:F
=>O>EHIF>GM:G=BFIE>F>GM:MBHG IKHOB=BG@BG?HKF:MBHGHGAHPMHBFIKHO>MA>IKH@K:F
>O:EN:MBHGL?:EEPBMABGMA><:M>@HKRH??HKF:MBO>>O:EN:MBHG ,KH<>LL>O:EN:MBHG:LL>LL>LMA>MRI>
W
JN:GMBMR :G=JN:EBMRH?IKH@K:F:<MBOBMB>LHKL>KOB<>L +NM<HF>>O:EN:MBHGL:G=
IE
BFI:<M>O:EN:MBHGL?:EEPBMABGMA><:M>@HKRH?LNFF:MBO>>O:EN:MBHG +NM<HF>>O:EN:MBHG
>O:EN:MBHG<:G;>NL>=MHF:BGM:BGHKBFIKHO>MA>JN:EBMRH?A>:EMAIKHFHMBHG:G==BL>:L>
PR
IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FL
74(*88;&1:&9.43*9-4)8
,KH<>LL>O:EN:MBHGBG<EN=>L>E>F>GMLH?BFIE>F>GM:MBHG?B=>EBMRMA>=>@K>>MHPAB<A:
IKH@K:FK>:<A>LMA>BGM>G=>=:N=B>G<>:G=BL=>EBO>K>=:LHKB@BG:EERIE:GG>=(:A:NLL>>M:E
/HF>O:KB:;E>LMA:M:??><MBFIE>F>GM:MBHG?B=>EBMRBG<EN=>M>:<A>KMK:BGBG@:G=M><AGB<:E
BFIE>F>GM:MBHG:G=MAKHN@AHNMMA>BFIE>F>GM:MBHGIKH<>LL>GLNK>?:OHK:;E>BFIE>F>GM:MBHG
BG?HKF:MBHGHGMA>MRI>LH?L>KOB<>L;>BG@=>EBO>K>= MA>K>LHNK<>LNL>=MH=>EBO>KMAHL>L>KOB<>L
IKH@K:F\L<NKKB<NE:F:RF:D><A:G@>LMHMA>BGM>KO>GMBHG BFI:<MBG@MA>JN:EBMRH?IKH@K:F
:OHB=I:KMLH?MA>BGM>KO>GMBHGHK?:BEMHBFIE>F>GM<HK>IKH@K:F<HFIHG>GMLHMOBG>M:E
W
HGL>JN>GMER IKH@K:FLMA:M:K>GHMBFIE>F>GM>=<HFIE>M>ERHK:LBGM>G=>=:K>E>LL
IE
EBD>ERMH;>>??><MBO> NL>G;NKR>M:E 0A>K>?HK> M>:<A>KMK:BGBG@:G=HG@HBG@M><AGB<:E
:LLBLM:G<>>GLNK>MA:MM>:<A>KL?>>E<HF?HKM:;E>:G=<HG?B=>GM>GHN@AMHBFIE>F>GM:IKH@K:F
EV
MA>P:RBMP:LHKB@BG:EERBGM>G=>=
:?HNK IHBGM(BD>KML<:E>K:G@BG@?KHFZ2347<7A3:FF3@[MHZ2347<7A3:F<=A[.HAK;:<A>M:E
/MN=>GML:ELH<HFIE>M>=?BO>BM>FLMA:M>O:EN:M>=MA>M>:<A>K\L=>EBO>KR:G=PA>MA>KMA>R
>O:EN:MBHGH?MA>IKH@K:FIKH<>LL:LL>LL>=MAK>>BM>FLAHPP>EEMA>E>LLHGP>GM MA>>QM>GMMH
PAB<AMA>M>:<A>K>EB<BM>=LMN=>GMI:KMB<BI:MBHG:G=K>LIHGL>L :G=PA>MA>KMA>H;C><MBO>LH?MA>
A:G=E>MA>BFIE>F>GM:MBHGIKH<>LL:G=P>K>IKHOB=>=PBMA<A><DEBLML?HKBFIE>F>GM:MBHG:MMA>BK
BGIKH<>LL>O:EN:MBHG;RIKHOB=BG@?>>=;:<D=NKBG@MA>BFIE>F>GM:MBHGIKH<>LL:G=B=>GMB?RBG@
BFIKHOBG@MA>JN:EBMR:G==>EBO>KRH?MA>IKH@K:F:LM>M:E
251*2*39&9.43.)*1.9>
:G>:G=/<AG>B=>KIKHIHL>=?BO>?>:MNK>LH?BFIE>F>GM:MBHG?B=>EBMRBGMA>IK>O>GMBHG
W
=B??>K>GMB:MBHG!GG>MM>M:E =A>K>G<>BLMA>>QM>GMMHPAB<AMA>BFIE>F>GM:MBHGH?MA>
IE
IKH@K:FBL<HGLBLM>GMPBMAMA>P:RBMP:L=>O>EHI>=!GG>MM>M:E =A>K>G<>BLMRIB<:EER
F>:LNK>=NLBG@M>:<A>KL>E? K>IHKML:;HNMMHIB<LMA:MP>K><HO>K>=BG<E:LL:G=MA>>QM>GMMH
EV
PAB<AMA>M>:<A>KBFIE>F>GM>=MA>E>LLHG:LBGM>G=>=!L<KB;:GH>M:E 0A>=HL>BLMA>
;>F>:LNK>=NLBG@M>:<A>KL>E? K>IHKML?HK:EEE>LLHGLBG<EN=BG@MA>GNF;>KH?L>LLBHGL
PR
DGHPE>=@>H?IKH@K:F<HGM>GM :;BEBMRMH:==K>LLJN>LMBHGLHK<HG<>KGL=NKBG@BFIE>F>GM:MBHG
,:KMB<BI:GMK>LIHGLBO>G>LLBLMA>=>@K>>MHPAB<AI:KMB<BI:GML:K>>G@:@>=HKBGOHEO>=BGMA>
IKH@K:F=B??>K>GMB:MBHGBG<EN=><HFIHG>GM:G:ERLBL PAB<A<HNE=;>NL>=MH>LM:;EBLAMA>
MA>>??><MBO>G>LLH?>OB=>G<> ;:L>==KN@IK>O>GMBHGIKH@K:FL=>I>G=LHGMA>L>?BO>?>:MNK>LH?
W
<HFIKHFBL>= MA>?B=>EBMRH?BFIE>F>GM:MBHGF:R:ELH;><HFIKHFBL>= NG=>KFBGBG@MA>
IKH@K:F\L>??><MBO>G>LL
IE
25&(9;&1:&9.43*9-4)8
EV
%FI:<M>O:EN:MBHGF>MAH=LBG<EN=>MAK>>;KH:=<:M>@HKB>L>QI>KBF>GM:E=>LB@GL JN:LB
I:KMB<BI:GML:K>GHMK:G=HFER:LLB@G>=MHMK>:MF>GMHK<HGMKHE<HG=BMBHGL;NM:K>K:MA>K:LLB@G>=
Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.