M*Hhhfu €fffiem

ReqCLrcn
tc
tn rrhrrh prcrlr,iCtl t'6in
re-foo,rr.r the
refft
cilrgrncll reuctrrnt,$ @Sffin
[or*a.d reac]ion:

Reue.se reaclion:
z Ht ,--+ Hz (y) t Iz (y)

Reu..sible reacfion'
[-lz (q) t Tt g) <= Z H-I 19;

ffiffiG mReeet ffffi (enrt'c,r 1[rcrt tlcii nc-r gd iC icrr,rFlP.lrc,n $

SlhnP ill whch recrctrtiib { fr'cc(iiCb 'crN

pre;ultt rn fixecl (LnGntrcitrcn r,ni rcrj

[citCl(s) r Hzcro +C0:,np€ Cu(n1g;o

A\Clrgl i- Ciig) r- Z lCq t,j)
 ffitr$hrluml
Dynannic equilibriurn . . . [onward & neverse neactions
n,citCif t; c { ,tciC Lc"rt t.r r"N k rncl occun al lhe sarne rale. . .
ttrl\Li ttd tc fr ut{y6[5 ,.'i1 t[( ' Rntr c,{ ibr r,rcirri rectttc,n
.trLftL tellt ,t)
;,r lrr c tJ qrl( t
= (rite t i lri:tcrklrycrrct ( re r,ers!
ccnutr Ltc[ '& r^acifir*ttr
.brtry rt eitic n

Conce ol reaclants & producls rernain constanl at

nlralions
equilibriurn... [-lzcs) + Jtg) +2H] g)
Forward Reaction Peverse Peaclion

tn g)
--"t* --F
cq) c
$
(])
(o
(})
(!
{) (")
(,- L
({- C+-
o o
*o l-
o
(u -iF
(o
L L
**-
-+-
c() C
q)
o
co
C-) L)o
(J
c Tz+ Tt

flquilib.iurn
re quires a closed syslern . . .

\lcne ci recii Lr-'u'rLi cr p'rt; t t'uit ti nr uiil tJ( (ll't

\crrt ryt0itt r,,i,Lt, rr.r{ ic.it Tc tlt ttl!'i i Crr r]'V.rtt in 0til Crrf,"
\\rttt\l
'Yp Licn r Cctn ti{ rip(, . . r\r[CL:) ci c lC.,f.Ci CcntCilfU;f
urrc l€C ui[.
-&c,tLticrU trr jctuittCn etcq,L nr,f ,1Egi.l t.i (icStCI rcrttCr4r\f

0 ll;ti Lctl:
 Lmtr@ffiffi rumWmffimwffi
or mrfp, fqctors LhaL
$n ectrr,rilibviuvvt i s
ghcrrrg4,,thg positr'on
?,f e{urli'briurryi ahrft3
% Itrr'ectr'on ttnut
the ihiection
recluuo (opposur) ilw
ctnungt.

ffisB M ffi#ffiffin.€Mfimm #ffi Bke

prefifftm,m##mrye$ebrfiw

ls Nql in Li tr,!l r}1 Gf rrr lrb,'iuft

fi*,t, ecl uirlthtiunt {-g.rtur,t
-i{r'tlrbrruin\ .r'iit'fts tc TlrE ttft
-*Cr,l\r[rotu,i1,ls,fti 1t tt(
rtLo
'-.)
ltt
-1* t-- .,t
-rir cr\ nLCit [C:Li its ctrv. fi.r,tUct
-n,lu prccluiCfu rLry {ornYtl Lir, uti\ a( rir iibrtuil'i,t l r

ur[.ttl'nqi,itlt brti.trtl rJ fVltc fC ivrtc'N rl

I"J -i- IflAI I

II
r: f ) +tl-1 it/-\
!t
l lji_',, \: \-r *tC.'
1r-' t r1\*l'^-) \-\Jl_-:
L'.,Cs ; .Li, '..j,

{l !r
It
wn *l i-xpp*r=* ** *f &l=* *qyi*ibrium wi:*n,
*$-* po**lo**
1
t" Um*** i* r*rn*v*#?t!h rfts rght --} rY1ono HzO {or'rrwd
C*rb** dl*xldx l* mdd*d?6h'"h'rr[ht': +fol'rns trnore HO +c0
!1
I
_ rx *dd**? ftr-fru left + rnor\L tlr- 4 C}t
ilxr5or= m*r:*xi**
a fort,r,uol #
Kffieqff etr pmesffiume am ffh@ pffifi$fiem ae
erurftfifihnuum
A(s) . B(s) C(s)
IIlPORTANTI
2 moles ol l rnole of
Change in pressure only
neaclanls product
affecfs reactions *he.e
gases are reaclanls or Increusino pnessune:
productsl - fi)c leci,ilf s't'lcjt,r ci*!ter t
- pc s tt rCu') c+ eq urr lrbi LLil)1 1^,'ll
'.Sltt{t 1c' rritr\li\\lJ( in( t([r,X

Il lhe.e are equal nu*b*.s S lrr t I in

tt lcn c i cliutr

of rnolecules of gas 0n {turrst ljru) nrclttLilti

each side .. . txgitUfL(: f rr, ur fitCl r rcicticrr
,-"* tii',,eLecl
ttie pcs r"r , t
I i rc
ff1 rrrlibt tuinl ri tic-l'
Dec.easing pr"essure:
offecteci by ii clrt,St
-irlctetLrltt" Cue {iirtlui' ci1:cit t
t P/\ jjurit
- f ecrt [ir] slirf n irr cill'tcl rcrr
Ir

i"hrit vi,rll inCiYti4 tiLfitlb.r.r

,I c1cr,'r I) r[L([tt[r- )

tXCtl\1PLr:
'"":- tCi ttrlr[f ir,,1ftr S[irf1l
Il lhere are gases and rit lru t l,( tt ['-t
liquids/solids rnvolved in

lhe ycfion . . . lg tlu.

,Cn
j
rlrc ltILr (.C c,j ircil Change in fe*e" *olecules
rlghl
fe *e . *olecules
on lelt
r,r'll tcurrll rl,r i( L[r,t,t,,' pressure "n
tqr,rrlibr't,lfi
lrc r'r, pi\ \Sri r( l1^jQ( tJ eq uitlrbn'vrrr)
Increasing, s llrtflo to sLi,fts |o
{ p(irlrc,l,,LJ,
ot/ut ,,
tlrbr ir,trti
',"
19ht
qq urlrlor iurrn
reft
eq irilibr ivttrn
Decreasing sn'ifi, * o 51[r.f rr to
trf t yi4hf
-1.nr
G) L-r,ti;
ffi4*fftfuu.H
Wt&IfurBumEmryffmm
fcirjlcrrlt tcr[tiiIcrtect tr'rn't
tdl LilltL,t
tl
it,,ttl t'X prt:!lCr.l nAr ;fi ;:_: pC. qD
!, "',!] 1,t'=c:'.1,.. LrJirtcT

'E.-tc,lrou[it
p lrrlkrr19 Kc . .fc +lr t'clLtth tl { 0rt t[ ij f rrll
iti, r'C i r)
c't rrctc I i urll 5 S FicclL,ClJ CvL r,\rll tu *tq rtcic,ltic, wqpl-,, it
t{ uicif tu rr.

ccirffntrulron o{ prcclurti C

[C]p [D]q rocJi,rt.I b

[A]* [B]^ nu{i,rlbtr c

rtci t t ;u111

rrlrr.itu',r c4 reciricrnl A

t\nrn
of equ*tion. \./
I-

V NV
Dep.nd on forrn -
-
[*arnple s,

rl o i cilt't-'? Volurne in drn3

3)
ol:+t Crif
frtrp*-ckti l.i( nrcI cinr
: .irr,3 nrc-l -l
 K-emd ahamge fim eonqemtnafffrom
0r pFes$MR@
The value of K. is -uiucJrcLngld The ,alue of K. is lolhun&e!1----
by a change in conce ntralion when all by a change in pressune ,hen all

other condilions rernain Sqt$qn! othe. condilions rernain gnClrint

K- emd eham' $m ffemp@Faffure

ffi'.ndolherrnic ..#tn, th* -&rultf0t------* reacf ion

- is favo.ed *hen there is an incnease in ternperatu.e. The

.6; ,on"enl.aiion(s) of the inmease(s) and the
"ff9ttlLLLJ-
. o n.. nt.al o ni
( s ) of I h e IlclLtlSJ d....., e ( u ).
The value of K" will -ryLLlt!Lc3**---

l- u n . *ol h e r rn ic .eu.l on,

i th e -I*e*\*il S
----- -* - .eacl on
i i s

f.oored ,rhen th... is an increase in ternperulu.e. The

concentra*ion(s) of the tW[LL]li!L- inmease(s) and lhe
concenlration(s) of the puuell[ll deme.se(s).
The value ol K" will -cJg!.tltu!!----

"l[r
Lolr
$ry}!ftu****n -

ffigffidi *%*ffi* * **.

Nr,r, * orcnl 2N0(s)

Depend on forrn ol equation.

[xa*ples,
F,io,
K=
p
P*, x Po, Kp= $'*fu

\{nile an equilibrium expnessron

lor the flollowrng equalion,

KP
2llB..\g/

:
,;* l1n,

p*, x (a,
z
,* B.n,
L\g)

t-'fir:,
/-\g).

d$ G
ll'iri Lcl-,