•

Low permeability rock High permeability rock

•
•

𝑘𝐴
• 𝑞=− 𝑑𝑃
𝜇𝐿

𝑞
𝑘
𝐴
𝜇
𝐿
𝑑𝑃
•

•
•

Laminar flow Turbulent flow

•
•
 𝑘𝐴 𝑑𝑃
𝑞=
𝜇 𝑑𝑥
𝑘𝐴
𝑞𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑃
𝜇
𝐿
𝑘𝐴 𝑃1
𝑞 න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑑𝑃
0 𝜇 𝑃2
𝑘𝐴 𝑘𝐴
𝑞(𝐿 − 0) = (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 ) 𝑞= (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝜇 𝜇𝐿
 2𝜋𝑘ℎ (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
𝑞= 𝑟𝑒
𝜇𝑙𝑛
𝑟𝑤
𝝁
•
•
𝑞 𝑘 𝑑𝑃
=
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
𝐴 𝜇 𝐿
𝑞 𝑑𝑃 𝑘
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥= 𝑚=
𝐴 𝐿 𝜇
- 𝑏
 𝑘
𝑚=
𝜇

𝑘
𝑚=
𝜇

𝑘 =𝑚∗𝜇
•
➢

➢
▪
▪

➢
▪
•
•

𝑘𝐴 2
𝑞𝑎 = 𝑃1 − 𝑃22
Atmospheric flow rate 2𝜇𝐿
•
➢

▪
▪
𝑃ത
▪
➢
•
➢
•

𝑞𝜇
𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑃1 − 𝑥
𝑘𝐴

𝑥=0 = 𝑃1
𝑥 = 𝑃(𝑥)
𝑥=𝐿 = 𝑃2
•

2 2𝑞𝑎 𝜇
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑃12 − 𝑥
𝑘𝐴

2𝑞𝑎 𝜇
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑃12 − 𝑥
𝑘𝐴

𝑥=0 = 𝑃1
𝑥 = 𝑃(𝑥)
𝑥=𝐿 = 𝑃2
𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 = 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔 + 14.7

𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑎𝑡𝑚 =
14.7

𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔
𝑎𝑡𝑚 = +1
14.7
•

•
•
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∆𝑃1 = ∆𝑃2 = ∆𝑃3

𝑘1 ≠ 𝑘2 ≠ 𝑘3

𝑞 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3
ℎ = ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3
𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑞=
𝜇𝐿
•

𝑞 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3

𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑘1 𝑊ℎ1 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑘2 𝑊ℎ2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝑘3 𝑊ℎ3 𝑃1 − 𝑃2

𝑞= = + +
𝜇𝐿 𝜇𝐿 𝜇𝐿 𝜇𝐿

𝑘ℎ = 𝑘1 ℎ1 + 𝑘2 ℎ2 + 𝑘3 ℎ3
𝑛
𝑘𝑖 ℎ𝑖
𝑘=෍
ℎ
𝑖=1
• 𝑘1 ≠ 𝑘2 ≠ 𝑘3

𝑞1 = 𝑞2 = 𝑞3

𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = ∆𝑃1 + ∆𝑃2 + ∆𝑃3

𝐿 = 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 𝐿3
𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑞=
𝜇𝐿
• 𝑘1 ≠ 𝑘2 ≠ 𝑘3

𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = ∆𝑃1 + ∆𝑃2 + ∆𝑃3

𝑞𝜇𝐿 𝑞𝜇𝐿1 𝑞𝜇𝐿2 𝑞𝜇𝐿3

𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = = + +
𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑘1 𝑊ℎ 𝑘 2 𝑊ℎ 𝑘3 𝑊ℎ

𝐿 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
= + +
𝑘 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3
𝐿
𝑘=
𝐿
σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖
𝑘𝑖
•

𝑞 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3

ℎ = ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3

2𝜋𝑘ℎ (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) 2𝜋𝑘1 ℎ1 (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) 2𝜋𝑘2 ℎ2 (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) 2𝜋𝑘3 ℎ3 (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
𝑞= = + +
𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒 𝑟
𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒
𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤

𝑛
𝑘ℎ = 𝑘1 ℎ1 + 𝑘2 ℎ2 + 𝑘3 ℎ3 𝑘𝑖 ℎ𝑖
𝑘=෍
ℎ
𝑖=1
•

𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = ∆𝑃1 + ∆𝑃2 + ∆𝑃3

𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝑞𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟1 𝑞𝜇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒
𝑤 𝑤 1
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = = +
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 2𝜋𝑘1 ℎ 2𝜋𝑘2 ℎ 𝑟𝑒
𝑙𝑛
𝑟𝑤
𝑘= 𝑟(𝑖+1)
𝑙𝑛
𝑟𝑖
σ𝑛𝑖=1
𝑘𝑖
•

𝐴𝑟 2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑞=
8𝜇𝐿
𝑘𝐴 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝐴𝑟 2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
=𝑞=
𝜇𝐿 8𝜇𝐿

𝑟2
𝑘=
8
•

𝐴ℎ2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑞=
12𝜇𝐿

𝑘𝐴 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 𝐴ℎ2 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
=𝑞=
𝜇𝐿 12𝜇𝐿

ℎ2
𝑘=
12
•