Basics of ICT (1431) Basics of ICT (1431)

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Basics of ICT (1431)
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1
Q.1 a) What is meant by computer software? List down key functions
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performed by system software. ‫ﻟ‬
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b) How to make a chart/graph in MS Excel? Also write down the names of
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different types of graphs, available in MS Excel.
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‫ﺳ‬
a) Computer Software and Functions of System Software
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Computer software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. It is divided
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
into two main categories: system software and application software.

System software is responsible for managing the computer hardware and providing a
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platform for running application software. System software includes operating
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systems, device drivers, and utility programs.
‫ﮨ‬
Key functions performed by system software:

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‫اﺳﺎﺋﻨ‬
‫ﮟ‬
Booting the computer: The operating system is the first software to load when
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
a computer is turned on. It initializes the hardware and provides a basic set of
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services for running application software.

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 Managing memory: The operating system keeps track of which programs are
Managing
running and allocates memory to them. It also swaps unused memory to disk to
running
free up space for other programs.
 Managing processes: The operating system schedules and runs processes,
which are the individual programs that are running on the computer.
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 Managing input and output: The operating system provides a way for
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programs to communicate with input and output devices, such as keyboards,

monitors, and printers.
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Handling errors: The operating system catches errors that occur during
‫ﮨ‬

‫ﺎ‬
program execution and attempts to recover from them.
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Types of System Software:
 Operating systems: Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux
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 Device drivers: Examples include graphics drivers, sound drivers, network
drivers
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 Utility programs: Examples include antivirus software, backup software, disk
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defragmenters
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b) Creating Charts and Graphs in MS Excel
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Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that includes a variety of features for
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‫ﺳ‬
creating charts and graphs. To create a chart or graph in Excel, follow these steps:
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1. Select the data that you want to include in the chart or graph.
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
2. Click the Insert tab.

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3. In the Charts group, click the type of chart or graph that you want to create.
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4. Excel will create the chart or graph and place it on a new sheet.
5. You can then customize the chart or graph by changing its format, layout, and
‫ﯿ‬‫ﮨ‬
style.
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Types of Charts and Graphs Available in MS Excel:

 Column charts: Used to compare data across different categories.
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 Line charts: Used to show trends over time.

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 Bar charts: Similar to column charts, but the bars are horizontal instead of
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vertical.
 Pie charts: Used to show the proportion of each category to the whole.
 Area charts: Similar to line charts, but the area under the line is filled in.
 Scatter charts: Used to show the relationship between two variables.
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 Radar charts: Used to compare multiple variables.

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 Stock charts: Used to show the price of a stock over time.

 Surface charts: Used to show three-dimensional data.
Bubble charts: Similar to scatter charts, but the size of the bubbles corresponds
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
‫ﺎ‬
to a third variable.
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Q.2 a) Why operating system is compulsory in computer? Write down the
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facilities available in windows operating system
b) Enlist different types of computer operating systems with the help of
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internet.
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‫ﻟ‬
a) Importance of Operating System in Computers and Features of Windows OS
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Necessity of an Operating System
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An operating system (OS) is an essential component of any computer system. It acts as
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‫ﺳ‬
a bridge between the computer hardware and the user, providing a platform for
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running application software and managing the system's resources.
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Without an operating system, a computer would be just a collection of hardware

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components unable to communicate with each other or perform any meaningful tasks.
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The OS provides the basic functionality that allows users to interact with the
computer, such as:
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 Booting up the system: The OS loads all the necessary software and drivers
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when the computer starts up.

 Managing hardware resources: The OS allocates and manages the computer's
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memory, processor, and other hardware resources.

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 Handling input and output: The OS allows users to interact with the computer
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through input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors
and printers.
 Running application software: The OS provides a platform for running
application software, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
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 Providing a graphical user interface (GUI): The OS provides a user-friendly

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interface that allows users to interact with the computer without needing to
know the underlying hardware or software details.
Features of Windows Operating System
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
Microsoft Windows is one of the most popular operating systems in the world. It is
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known for its user-friendly interface, wide range of software applications, and
compatibility with a vast array of hardware devices.
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Some of the key features of Windows include:
User-friendly interface: Windows has a graphical user interface (GUI) that
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
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makes it easy for users to interact with the computer. The GUI uses icons,
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‫ﻟ‬
menus, and windows to provide a familiar and intuitive experience.
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 Wide range of software applications: There is a vast library of software
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applications available for Windows, covering almost every task imaginable.
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‫ﺳ‬
This includes productivity software, creative software, games, and educational
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software.
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 Hardware compatibility: Windows is compatible with a wide range of

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hardware devices, including printers, scanners, cameras, and multimedia
devices.
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Security features: Windows includes a number of security features to protect
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
‫ﯿ‬
users from malware and other threats.

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 Network connectivity: Windows supports a variety of network protocols,

making it easy to connect to the internet and other networks.
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b) Types of Computer Operating Systems

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There are several different types of computer operating systems available, each with
its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common types of operating
systems include:
 Windows: A popular operating system developed by Microsoft, known for its
user-friendly interface and wide range of software applications.
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 macOS: An operating system developed by Apple, known for its stability and
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integration with Apple's hardware.
Linux: A family of open-source operating systems, known for their flexibility
‫ﮨ‬

‫ﺎ‬
and customizability.
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 Android: A mobile operating system developed by Google, used on
smartphones and tablets.
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 iOS: A mobile operating system developed by Apple, used on iPhones and
iPads.
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 Chrome OS: A lightweight operating system developed by Google, designed
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‫ﻟ‬
for web-based applications.
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 FreeBSD: A free and open-source operating system based on BSD Unix,
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known for its stability and security.
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
‫ﺳ‬
NetBSD: A free and open-source operating system based on BSD Unix, known
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for its portability.
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
 OpenBSD: A free and open-source operating system based on BSD Unix,

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known for its security focus.
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The choice of operating system depends on a variety of factors, such as user
preferences, hardware requirements, and software needs.
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Q.3 a) What are the types of network? Differentiate 3-G and 4-G
technologies.
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b) Explain the difference between switching and routing with proper

‫ﻤﻨﭧ‬
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examples.
a) Types of Network and Differentiation of 3G and 4G Technologies
Types of Networks
Computer networks are classified into different types based on their size, geographical
scope, and purpose. Some of the most common types of networks include:
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 Local Area Networks (LANs): Small networks that connect computers and
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devices within a limited area, such as a home, office, or school.
Wide Area Networks (WANs): Large networks that connect computers and
‫ﮨ‬

‫ﺎ‬
devices across a wider geographical area, such as a city, country, or the world.
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 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs): Networks that span a metropolitan
area, such as a city or large town.
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 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs): Networks that use radio waves to
connect computers and devices within a limited area.
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 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Networks that use the internet to create a
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‫ﻟ‬
secure private network between two or more locations.
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3G and 4G Technologies
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3G (third generation) and 4G (fourth generation) are two generations of cellular
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‫ﺳ‬
network technology that provide mobile broadband internet access. 4G is the
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successor to 3G and offers significantly faster data speeds and lower latency.
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Feature 3G 4G
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Technology UMTS/HSPA LTE
Data Rate Stu

Up to 7.2 Mbps Up to 1 Gbps
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Latency 50-100 ms 10-50 ms

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Coverage Good Excellent

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b) Difference between Switching and Routing

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Switching and routing are two fundamental functions in computer networks that
enable communication between devices.
Switching
Switching is the process of connecting devices within a network. It is typically done at
the Layer 2 of the OSI model (Data Link Layer) and involves forwarding data packets
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based on the destination MAC address.

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Examples of switching devices:
Switches: Devices that connect multiple computers and devices within a
‫ﮨ‬

‫ﺎ‬
network.
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 Bridges: Devices that connect two or more LAN segments.
Routing
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Routing is the process of connecting networks together. It is typically done at the
Layer 3 of the OSI model (Network Layer) and involves forwarding data packets
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based on the destination IP address.
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Examples of routing devices:
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 Routers: Devices that connect different networks.
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
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Modems: Devices that connect computers to the internet.
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‫ﺳ‬
Key differences between switching and routing:
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 Scope: Switching operates within a single network, while routing connects
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
different networks.
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 Data forwarding: Switching uses MAC addresses for data forwarding, while
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routing uses IP addresses.
Layer of operation: Switching operates at Layer 2, while routing operates at
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
‫ﯿ‬
Layer 3.
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Here's an example to illustrate the difference between switching and routing:

Consider a scenario where you want to send a file from your computer to a printer in
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your office. If both devices are connected to the same LAN segment, a switch would
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be responsible for forwarding the data packets between them. However, if the printer
is located on a different LAN segment, a router would be needed to route the data
packets across the different LAN segments.
Q.4 a) Explain the basic concept of multimedia. Also identify at least ten
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different examples of multimedia and also describe five of them.

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b) Write some examples of multimedia applications in basic education and

entertainment.
a) Basic Concept of Multimedia and Examples
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
Multimedia refers to the integration of various media forms, such as text, audio,
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images, animations, and video, to present information in an interactive and engaging
way. It is a powerful tool for communication, education, and entertainment.
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Examples of Multimedia:
1. Websites: Websites often combine text, images, audio, and video to provide
1
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information and create an immersive experience for visitors.
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‫ﻟ‬
2. Presentations: Multimedia presentations use a combination of slides, images,
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videos, and audio to deliver information in a more engaging and effective
‫ﮭ‬
manner.
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‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺳ‬
3. Educational software: Educational software often incorporates multimedia
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elements, such as interactive games, simulations, and videos, to make learning
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
more fun and engaging.

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4. Video games: Video games are a prime example of multimedia, combining
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graphics, sound effects, music, and animation to create immersive and
interactive gaming experiences.
‫ﯿ‬‫ﮨ‬
5. Movies: Movies are a sophisticated form of multimedia, combining moving

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images, sound, music, and dialogue to tell stories and evoke emotions.
6. Music videos: Music videos combine music with visual elements, such as
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dance routines, special effects, and storytelling, to create a visually appealing

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and entertaining experience.

and
7. Podcasts: Podcasts are audio-based multimedia content that can range from
news and educational topics to entertainment and storytelling.
8. E-books: E-books can incorporate multimedia elements, such as interactive
graphics, audio narration, and video clips, to enhance the reading experience.
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9. Virtual reality (VR) experiences: VR experiences immerse users in a

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simulated environment, using multimedia elements like 3D graphics, sound

effects, and haptic feedback to create a realistic and interactive experience.
10. Augmented reality (AR) applications: AR applications overlay digital
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
information onto the real world, using multimedia elements like graphics,
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sound, and video to enhance the user's perception and interaction with the
environment.
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Descriptions of Five Multimedia Examples:
1. Website: A website can incorporate text, images, videos, and interactive
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elements to provide information about a company, organization, or product. For
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‫ﻟ‬
example, a travel website might include images of destinations, videos of travel
‫ﮑ‬
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experiences, and interactive maps.
‫ﮭ‬
‫د‬
2. Educational software: Educational software can use multimedia elements to
‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺳ‬
make learning more engaging and effective. For example, a science learning
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program might include interactive simulations, animations, and videos to
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
explain complex concepts.

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3. Video game: Video games combine graphics, sound effects, music, and
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animation to create immersive and interactive gaming experiences. For instance,
a role-playing game might feature a vast open world, detailed characters, and
‫ﯿ‬‫ﮨ‬
engaging storylines.
‫ﮟ‬
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4. Movie: Movies use a combination of moving images, sound, music, and

dialogue to tell stories and evoke emotions. For example, a historical drama
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might include scenes of historical events, authentic costumes and sets, and a
‫ﻤﻨﭧ‬
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compelling musical score.

compelling
5. Podcast: A podcast can range from news and educational topics to
entertainment and storytelling. For instance, a history podcast might feature
interviews with historians, discussions of historical events, and dramatized
reenactments.
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b) Multimedia Applications in Basic Education and Entertainment

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Multimedia has become an integral part of basic education and entertainment,

providing interactive and engaging experiences for learners and audiences of all ages.
Multimedia in Basic Education:
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
1. Interactive textbooks: E-books with multimedia elements, such as interactive
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graphics, audio narration, and video clips, can make learning more interactive
and engaging for students.
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2. Educational simulations: Multimedia simulations can provide students with
hands-on learning experiences, allowing them to explore scientific concepts,
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historical events, and complex systems in a virtual environment.
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‫ﻟ‬
3. Educational games: Gamified learning can make education more fun and
‫ﮑ‬
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motivating for students, using multimedia elements like graphics, sound effects,
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and rewards to create an engaging learning experience.
‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺳ‬
4. Multimedia presentations: Teachers can use multimedia presentations to
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capture students' attention and make their lessons more visually appealing and
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
effective.
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5. Virtual field trips: VR experiences can provide students with immersive field
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trips to historical sites, scientific environments, and cultural destinations.
Multimedia in Entertainment:
‫ﯿ‬‫ﮨ‬
1. Video games: Video games offer a wide range of entertainment experiences,

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from action-packed adventures to puzzle-solving challenges, all enhanced by

multimedia elements like graphics, sound effects, and music.
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2. Movies and TV shows: Movies and TV shows provide a form of escapism and
‫ﻤﻨﭧ‬
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storytelling, using multimedia elements like moving images, sound, music, and
storytelling,
dialogue to engage viewers.
3. Streaming services: Streaming services like Netflix and
Q.5 a) What is programming language? How computer program is related

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with a programming language.

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b) What are the important parameters that influence the selection of a

programming language?
a) Programming Language and Its Relation to Computer Programs
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
Programming Language Definition
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A programming language is a system of rules and instructions that programmers use to
communicate with computers. It provides a structured way to define the steps that a
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computer should take to perform a particular task. Programming languages are
essential for developing software applications, websites, and other computer-based
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systems.
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‫ﻟ‬
Relationship between Programming Languages and Computer Programs
‫ﮑ‬
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A computer program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that
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tells a computer what to do. It is essentially a translation of human-readable
‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺳ‬
instructions into a language that the computer can understand and execute. Without
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programming languages, we would not be able to create the software that powers our
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
modern world.
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b) Important Parameters for Selecting a Programming Language
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The choice of programming language depends on a variety of factors, including the
specific task, the programmer's experience, and the available resources. Some of the
‫ﯿ‬‫ﮨ‬
most important parameters to consider when selecting a programming language

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include:
1. Purpose of the program: The programming language should be well-suited for
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the type of application being developed. For instance, a language like Java is
‫ﻤﻨﭧ‬
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commonly used for enterprise applications, while Python is often used for data
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science and machine learning.
2. Programmer's experience: The programmer's level of experience with
different programming languages should be considered. If the programmer is
new to programming, a language with a large community and plenty of learning
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resources might be more suitable.

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3. Performance requirements: The performance requirements of the application
‫ﺎ‬‫ﮨ‬
should be considered. If the application needs to be fast and efficient, a
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language like C or C++ might be a good choice.
4. Platform compatibility: The programming language should be compatible
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with the target platform, such as a particular operating system or hardware
device.
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5. Community support: A programming language with a large and active
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‫ﻟ‬
community can provide valuable resources for learning and troubleshooting.
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6. Availability of libraries and frameworks: The availability of libraries and
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frameworks for the programming language can simplify development and
‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺳ‬
provide reusable code for common tasks.
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7. Learning curve: The learning curve of the programming language should be
‫ﮨﻮﺋﯽ‬
considered, especially for new programmers.

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8. Future prospects: The long-term viability and future prospects of the
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programming language should be considered to ensure that the investment in
learning and development is worthwhile.
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into two main categories: system software and application software.

Key functions performed by system software:

services for running application software.

programs to communicate with input and output devices, such as keyboards,

2. Click the Insert tab.

Types of Charts and Graphs Available in MS Excel:

 Line charts: Used to show trends over time.

 Radar charts: Used to compare multiple variables.

 Stock charts: Used to show the price of a stock over time.

Without an operating system, a computer would be just a collection of hardware

when the computer starts up.

memory, processor, and other hardware resources.

 Providing a graphical user interface (GUI): The OS provides a user-friendly

Features of Windows Operating System

 Hardware compatibility: Windows is compatible with a wide range of

users from malware and other threats.

 Network connectivity: Windows supports a variety of network protocols,

b) Types of Computer Operating Systems

integration with Apple's hardware.

Linux: A family of open-source operating systems, known for their flexibility

 OpenBSD: A free and open-source operating system based on BSD Unix,

b) Explain the difference between switching and routing with proper

devices within a limited area, such as a home, office, or school.

Data Rate Stu

Latency 50-100 ms 10-50 ms

Coverage Good Excellent

b) Difference between Switching and Routing

based on the destination MAC address.

Examples of switching devices:

Switches: Devices that connect multiple computers and devices within a

Here's an example to illustrate the difference between switching and routing:

different examples of multimedia and also describe five of them.

b) Write some examples of multimedia applications in basic education and

a) Basic Concept of Multimedia and Examples

more fun and engaging.

5. Movies: Movies are a sophisticated form of multimedia, combining moving

dance routines, special effects, and storytelling, to create a visually appealing

and entertaining experience.

9. Virtual reality (VR) experiences: VR experiences immerse users in a

simulated environment, using multimedia elements like 3D graphics, sound

10. Augmented reality (AR) applications: AR applications overlay digital

explain complex concepts.

4. Movie: Movies use a combination of moving images, sound, music, and

compelling musical score.

b) Multimedia Applications in Basic Education and Entertainment

Multimedia has become an integral part of basic education and entertainment,

Multimedia in Basic Education:

1. Video games: Video games offer a wide range of entertainment experiences,

from action-packed adventures to puzzle-solving challenges, all enhanced by

Q.5 a) What is programming language? How computer program is related

with a programming language.

b) What are the important parameters that influence the selection of a

a) Programming Language and Its Relation to Computer Programs

most important parameters to consider when selecting a programming language

resources might be more suitable.

3. Performance requirements: The performance requirements of the application

considered, especially for new programmers.

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