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Chapter 8
Types of Utility Programs and Objectives Overview
Operating Systems
Define system
Describe the Summarize the
software and identify
functions of an startup process on a
the two types of
operating system personal computer
system software

Summarize the Summarize the

Briefly describe
features of several features of several
various server
stand-alone operating embedded operating
operating systems
systems systems
Discovering
Computers 2012 Explain the purpose
of several utility
Your Interactive Guide programs
to the Digital World

See Page 397 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 2

for Detailed Objectives

System Software Operating Systems

• System software consists of the programs that • An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
control or maintain the operations of the instructions that work together to coordinate all the
computer and its devices activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut
Provide a user Manage Manage
down a
interface programs memory
computer

Operating Utility Coordinate Configure

Establish an
Internet
Monitor

systems Programs tasks devices

connection
performance

Provide Automatically Control a Administer

utilities update network security

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Operating Systems Operating System Functions

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

called booting
Cold boot Warm boot

• Turning on • Using the

a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 5 Page 400 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 6
Figure 8-1 Figure 8-2

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

A boot drive is the drive from

which your computer starts
•You can boot from a boot disk
•A recovery disk contains a few system
files that will start the computer
Page 401 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 7 Page 402 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 8
Figure 8-3

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various shut down • A user interface

controls how you
options enter data and
instructions and
Sleep mode saves any open how information is
documents and programs to Hibernate saves any open displayed on the
RAM, turns off all unneeded documents and programs to screen
functions, and then places a hard disk before removing • With a graphical
the computer in a low- power from the computer user interface
power state (GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images

Page 402 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 9 Pages 402 – 403 10

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-4

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the • How an operating system handles programs
keyboard to enter data and instructions directly affects your productivity
Single tasking
Single user and Foreground and
and
multiuser background
multitasking

Preemptive
Multiprocessing
multitasking

Page 403 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 11 Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 12
Figure 8-5

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

Page 404 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 13 Page 406 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 14
Figure 8-6 Figure 8-8

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

Page 407 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 15 Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 16
Figure 8-9

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to • A performance monitor is a program that

establish Internet connections assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

Page 408 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 17 Pages 408 – 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 18
Figure 8-10 Figure 8-11

Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with the • Automatic update automatically provides updates
capability of: to the program
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer

Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

programs disks disks problems

Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 19 Page 409 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 20
Figure 8-12

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Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network • Each user has a user

are designed to work administrator uses the account
with a server on a server operating system – A user name, or user ID,
network to: identifies a specific user
• A server operating – Add and remove users, – A password is a private
computers, and other combination of
system organizes and
devices characters associated
coordinates how with the user name
– Install software and
multiple users access
administer network
and share resources on security
a network
Page 410 21 Page 410 22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-13

Types of Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
7

UNIX Linux
Page 412 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 23 Page 412 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 24
Figure 8-14

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient • Windows 7 provides programs such as:
operating system to date and is available in
multiple editions: Windows Windows DVD
Firewall Maker
Windows 7
Windows 7
Home
Starter
Premium

Windows Desktop
Windows 7 Windows 7 Media Player Gadget Gallery
Ultimate Professional

Pages 413 - 414 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 25 Page 414 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 26

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Page 414 27 Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 28

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figures 8-16 – 8-17 Figure 8-18

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has set the

standard for operating system ease of use UNIX is a multitasking
• Latest version is Mac OS X operating system developed
in the early 1970s

Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
Page 415 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 29 Pages 416 – 417 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 30
Figure 8-19 Figures 8-20 – 8-21

Server Operating Systems Server Operating Systems

• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows

Server 2003
Windows – Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
UNIX Linux
Server 2008 – Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization
technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
Solaris NetWare resources

Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 31 Pages 417 - 418 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 32

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Embedded Operating Systems Embedded Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

on a mobile device or consumer electronic device

Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Phone 7

Google Embedded
BlackBerry Symbian OS
Android Linux

Pages 418 - 420 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 33 Pages 419 – 420 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 34
Figures 8-22 – 8-26

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A utility program is a type of system software that • A file manager is a

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks utility that performs
functions related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders
– Creating shortcuts

Page 421 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 35 Page 422 36

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-27 Figure 8-28

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Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A search utility is a program that attempts to • An image viewer allows

locate a file on your computer based on criteria users to display, copy,
you specify and print the contents
of a graphics file
• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files

Page 422 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 37 Page 423 38

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-29 Figure 8-30

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes • A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and
unnecessary files unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
– Downloaded program
programs run faster
files
– Defragmenting
– Temporary Internet
files
– Deleted files
– Unused program
files

Page 423 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 39 Pages 423 – 424 40

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-31 Figure 8-32

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Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A backup utility allows • A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall

users to copy files to display device’s screen detects and protects a
another storage to show a moving image personal computer
medium or blank screen if no from unauthorized
• A restore utility activity occurs for a intrusions
reverses the process specified time
and returns backed up
files to their original
form

Page 424 41 Page 425 42

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-33 Figures 8-34 – 8-35

Utility Programs Video: Free Online Antivirus

A virus describes a potentially damaging computer

program that affects a computer negatively

A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus

itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses
CLICK TO START
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Utility Programs Utility Programs

Spyware is a program placed on

a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects
and deletes spyware and
other similar programs
Adware displays an online
advertisement in a banner or
pop-up window
• An adware remover is a
program that detects and
deletes adware

Pages 425 – 426 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 45 Page 426 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 46
Figures 8-36 – 8-37

Utility Programs Utility Programs

• Filters are programs that remove or block certain • A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)
items from being displayed – Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
– Two types of compression
• Lossy
Web filtering Anti-spam • Lossless
software programs • Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

Phishing Pop-up
filters blockers
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Utility Programs Utility Programs

• A media player allows you to view images and • Disc burning software
animation, listen to audio, and watch video files writes text, graphics,
on your computer audio, and video files
on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc

Page 427 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 49 Page 428 50

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-38 Figure 8-39

Utility Programs Summary

• A personal computer
maintenance utility
Definition of an Functions common to
identifies and fixes operating system most operating systems
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the Variety of stand-alone
capability of improving operating systems,
a computer’s server operating Several utility programs
systems, and embedded
performance
operating systems
Page 428 51 Page 429 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 52
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8
Figure 8-40

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Chapter 8
Types of Utility Programs and
Operating Systems

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 8 Complete

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