CLASS-XII (PHYSICS)

Group-3
Ch-9 – Ray Optics

Ch-10- Wave Optics

Ch-11- Dual nature of radiation and Matter

Ch-9 – Ray Optics

1 Draw a neat and labeled ray diagram of formation of image when an object is placed between the focus and the
radius of curvature of a concave mirror and derive the expression mirror formula. Write the formula for
magnification.
2 Draw a neat and labeled ray diagram of formation of image when an object is placed within the focus of a
convex lens and derive the expression lens formula. Write the formula for magnification.
3 (i)State the necessary conditions for producing T.I.R. of the light. Draw ray diagrams to show how
specially designed prisms make use of T.I.R. to obtain inverted image of the object by deviation of rays
(a) Through 90o (b) Through 180o
(ii)What is the relation between critical angle and refractive index of a material? Does critical angle
depend on the colour of light? Explain.
4 Use the mirror equation to show that
(i) An object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond 2f.
(ii)A convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the object.
(iii)An object placed between the pole and the focus of a concave mirror produces a virtual and enlarged
image.
5 (i)Draw a graph to show the angle of deviation δ with the variation of angle of incidence i for a
monochromatic ray of light passing through a prism of refracting angle A.

(ii)Deduce the relation µ=

(
sin
2 )
A+ δ m

( )
sin
A
2
6 Derive an expression for the angle of deviation in a glass prism in terms of angle of prism ‘A’ and
refractive index of the material of the prism for very small angles of incidence and emergence.
7 A spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates a rarer and a denser medium as
shown in the figure. Complete the path of the incident ray of light, showing the formation of real image.
Hence derive the relation connecting object distance ‘u’, image distance ‘v’, radius of curvature ‘R’ and
the refractive indices n1 and n2 of two media.
8 Derive lens maker’s formula.
9 (i)With a neat labelled ray diagram, derive an expression for the magnifying power of a compound
microscope, when the image is formed at the near point.
(ii)How will the resolving power of the microscope get affected if
(a) Diameter of objective is increased
(b) If the object is observed under blue light instead of red light.
10 (i) Draw a labeled ray diagram to show the image formation in a reflecting type astronomical
telescope.
(ii) Write three distinct advantages of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting type
telescope.
11 (i)Draw a labeled ray diagram to show the formation of image in an astronomical telescope for
normal adjustment. Derive the formula for angular magnification.
(ii) Why is the focal length of objective made larger?
Ch-10- Wave Optics
12 State Huygen’s principle and apply it to derive Snell’s Law.
13 (i) Using Huygen’s principle to derive Laws of reflection.
(ii)Use Huygen’s geometrical construction to show the behavior of a plane wave front
(a)Passing through a biconvex lens.
(b) Passing through a biconcave lens.
(c) Passing through a biconvex mirror.
(d) Passing through a biconcave mirror.
(e) Passing through a triangular prism.
14 (i)In Young’s double slit experiment, derive the condition for (i) constructive interference and (ii)
destructive interference at a point on the screen.
(ii) Write at least four differences between the interference and diffraction pattern.
15 (i)State the importance of coherent sources in the phenomenon of interference.
Discuss Young double Slit experiment an deduce the expression for the fringe width.
(ii)How does the fringe width get affected, if the entire experimental apparatus of is immersed in water?
16 (i) How does an unpolarised light incident on a polaroid get polarised?
Describe briefly, with the help of a necessary diagram, the polarisation of light by reflection from a
transparent medium.
(ii) Two polaroids ‘A’ and ‘B’ are kept in crossed position. How should a third polaroid ‘C’ be placed
between them so that the intensity of polarised light transmitted by polaroid B reduces to 1/8th of the
intensity of unpolarised light incident on A?
17 (i) Use Huygen’s principle of explain the formation of diffraction pattern due to a single slit illuminated
by a monochromatic source of light. Derive the expression for width of central maxima.
(ii) Show that the angular width of central maxima in diffraction is twice the angular width of any
higher order maxima.
 (iii) The intensity of diffraction fringes decreases as the order (n) increases. Why?
18 Define the term resolving power of a telescope. How does it affected on
(i) Increasing the aperture of the objective lens?
(ii) Increasing the focal length of the objective lens?
(iii)Wavelength of the radiation used is increased?
Ch-11-Dual nature of radiation and Matter
19 Plot the graph showing the variation of photo current as a function of anode potential for two light beams of
same intensity but of different frequencies 1 and 2(21). Interpret the graphs.
20 Plot the graph showing the variation of photocurrent as a function of anode potential for two light beams of
same frequency but of different intensities I1 and I2(I2 I1).Interpret the graphs.
21 Plot the graph showing the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two different
photosensitive materials having work funnctionsW1 and W2.
(i) Why is the slope same for both lines?
(ii) Which one of the two metals has higher threshold frequency and why?
(iii) On what factors does the
(a)slopes and
(b)intercept of the lines depends?
22 Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly the three salient features observed in
photoelectric effect, which can be explained on the basis of the above equation.
23 Derive the formula for de-Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle accelerated through a potential
difference’ V’.
24 (i)A proton and an electron have same velocity. Which one has greater de-Broglie wavelength and why?
(ii)A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has greater de-Broglie wavelength and why?
(iii)An -particle and a proton are accelerated from rest by the same potential. Find the ratio of their de-Broglie
wavelengths
25 Define the terms (i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to the phenomenon
of photoelectric effect.
Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for
a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.
24 Draw a schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experiment. How did the scattering of a-particles of a
thin foil of gold provide an important way to determine an upper limit on the size of the nucleus? Explain
briefly.
25 Why is classical wave theory failed to explain photoelectric effect?