ASSIGNMENT FOR MATERIALS

BEE GROUP ASIGNMENT

1. Derive the expression for the total quantized energy for an

atom
-e

+e in motion

2
C.P. force= FC= MV
R
………….. (1)
2
1 e
Es = Fe= ½ . 2 …………..
4 ∏ εₒ R
(2)
Fe = Fe

2 2
MV 1 e
½ R
= ½ . 2
4 ∏ εₒ R

2
1 e
K.E =½mv2 P.E = [ . ]₀
4 ∏ εₒ R

T.E =K.E +P.E

2 2
1 e 1 e
=½[ . ]
4 ∏ εₒ R
- 1[ . ]
4 ∏ εₒ R

2
1 e
= ½ -1[ . ¿
4 ∏ εₒ R

2
1 e
=-½[ . ¿
4 ∏ εₒ R
 2 2
n h ε₀
₀ But R= πme
2

2
1 e
T.E =- ½ × × 2 2
4 ∏ εₒ n h ε ₀×
× πm e
2

2
1 e
= -8 ε ₀ × 2 2
n h ε₀
× m e2

4
me
= 2 2 2
8ε ₀ h n

Where
m= mass of electrons
e= electron charge

ε =strength=¿
h=constant
n= variable

1
En α n
2

13.6 ev
En= n2
2. Describe the following experiments
I. Photo electric effect
This effect describes the movement of electrons as
a result of energy acquired from light and its
practical use can be related in a solar cell which
transforms energy into electric current. It was
invented by physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in
1887

II. The half effect

This describes the generation of an electric voltage
across a semi-conductor and conductor material
when magnetic fields as applied perpendicular to
the direction of current flow. It helps us to know
the behavior of charge comers when subjected to
magnetic fields. It helps in different
measurements and sensing. It was done by Edwin
Hall in 1879

III. Compton effect

 This helps us to know that photons have both
wave – like and particle like properties. When x-
rays are scattered of electrons, they experience a
change in wave length and energy. This change is
due to the interaction of the photons with the
electrons.
Used:
X-rays
Security and detection
It was done by Arthur. H. Compton in 1923

IV. Davison & Germen’s experiment

It was done to bring more understanding and
confirmation that electrons have wave like
properties. A directed beam of electrons at a
crystal of nickel is observed similar to diffraction
of x-rays. The resulting diffraction pattern
revealed a sense of bright and dark spot which is
a characteristic of a wave interference patterns