Cross Section Shape of Bias Tire

By Shunichi Yamazaki
Application of the Netting Theory
Because the bending rigidity of the matrix is small, it can neglect. 　Netting theory is
called as approximate membrane theory.
The bias angle of the fiber of the rubber laminate makes ±βi to the meridian. We put
the cord tension ti, fiber density ni(The code number for every the unit width), we can
write following equations

m
N   2 t i ni cos 2  i
i 1
m
(1)
N   2 t i ni sin  i
2

i 1

Fig. 1
　　　
When applied the uniform inflation pressure p, the balance equations are

N N
 p (2)
r1 r2

Fig.2

Here, the membrane forces are

1
 pr2
N 
2 (3)
pr r
N   2 (2  2 )
2 r1

Fig.3

r1,r2 are principal curvature radius of membrane curve surface in the meridian direction
and the circumferential direction.

r1 
1  r ( z) 2 3/ 2

(4)
r ( z )

r2  r 1  r  2 ( z )  1/ 2

Fig 4

Here, components of membrane of pressure vessel are always plus

r2  0 　 (5)
r1

We put the cords of total number Ni (i=1,2,---,m), cord density ni is

Ni
ni  (7)
2 r cos  i
The balance shape equation r = r (z) , cord tension ti, cord density ni, a bias angle βi

2
were given. We should note that this analysis has four unknown, equations are three.
From Eq.(1) at 2 ply laminate (m=1), that is bias ply,
N   N  tan 2  (8)

Cross section shape of the bias tire

We consider tension of cord due to inflation pressure.
We can write the geometrical relation
r rB
  const . 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (9)
cos  cos  B
αB: Cord angle of Green Tire
(Cord angle of bead position)
α : Cord angle after mold

Fig.5　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Fig.6

This equation shows that structure of the bias tire is not isotensoid (not equal cord
tension).
Membrane forces due to inflation pressure are

3
 p r 2  rC2
N 
2 r sin 
(10)
pr2 r 2  rC2
N  (2  )
2 r r1 sin 
The other hand, the membrane force due to inflation pressure p is from Eq.(8)
(α+β=π/2)
N   N   tan 2   N  cot 2  (11)
From Eq.(10),(11), we eliminate Nφ, Nθ
2r 1 cot 2 
  　 (12)
r 2  rC2 r1 sin  r

We put z(r) in the cross section shape of bias tire

t  pR / n
　
 p (r 2  rC2 )  tN sin  sin 
1 / R  sin 2  / r1  cos 2  / r2 N  2 nr sin 

Nφ (13)Nθ d r1  ds

1 d
(14) 
r1 ds

N N
Z  p
r2 r1
C

p Nφ
pπ(r2-rC2)

r
Nφsinφ2πr
Fig.7 Nφsinφ
φ

4
rC
r
 Fig.8

ds
ds
dz   z   tan 
dr
dz
ｒ1   sin 
ｄ ds
φ　 ds  dz 2  dr 2
r
dz 2
φ  dr 1  (
dr
)

dr
Fig.9

Where,
 z (r )
sin  
1   z (r )
2

r1 

 1   z(r )
2
 3/ 2
(15)
z (r )
f (r )
 f (r )
dr  log( f ( r ))

5
 2r z  cot 2 
 r 2  rC2  z (1  z  2 )  r dr
dr  dr 

1 zz z 
z  1  z  2  z  
2 1  z2
1  z2 cot 2 
log(r 2  rC2 )   dr   dr
z r
1  z2
z cot 2 
 log  dr  log C
1  z2 r

z  rA cot 2  
r 2  rC2  C exp  dr 
1  z2  r r 

We integrate this equation,, and we consider z ( A)   ,

z r 2  rC2  rA cot 2  
 exp  (16)dr 
1  z2 rA2  rC2  r r 

Final, we obtain these equations

rA A
z (r )   r
B  A2
2
dr

(17)

rA cot 2 
A  (rC2  r 2 ) exp( dr )
r r (18)
B  rC2  r 2

Substitute of eq( ) for Equation(9),

rA (rC2  r 2 )(rA2  r 2 cos 2  A )1/ 2

z (r )   (19) dr
r
 (r
2
C  r ) r sin  A  (r  r ) (r  r cos  A )
2 2 2
A A
2
C
2 2 2
A
2
A
2 2
 1/ 2

6
The cord tension is

 p(r 2  rC2 ) B  p rA2 sin  A (20)

t  (rA2  rC2 )
N sin  sin  A N rA  r cos  A
2 2 2

Maximum cord tension causes at the tread center r=rA .

 p rA2  rC2
t max  (21)
N sin  A

Cord length from between B and A

rA B (22)
L dr
rB
B A2 2

Bead tension t0sinαB

αB

αB
tB

q
rB

7
 T

Nt B cos  B sin  B
q
2rrB

Nt B
T  qrB  cos  B sin  B
2

Banishing t
1
T  p ( rC2  rB2 ) cot  B
2

B 2  A2
cot  B  ( )B
A

1 B 2  A2
T  p (rC2  rB2 )
2 A
2
1 B
 p[(rC2  rB2 ) 2 2  (rC2  rB2 ) 2 ]1 / 2
2 A
rA cot 
2
1
 p[(rC2  rB2 ) 2 exp(2 
2
dr  (rC2  rB2 ) ]1 / 2
2 rB r

Numerical value

Numerical Example

8
 Fig. 10

Cross section of radial tire

   A  90 

Fig.11