N3 N4

N3 N4

N3 N5
N2 N4
O N2 O N5 O
N2 N6

N1 N5 N1 N6 N1 N7

Figure 1: Depiction of 5, 6 and 7 regular sided shapes

Using Figure 1 as a guide, it is possible to derive the relationship between the area and perimeter for any given
polygon; this would look something like this:

For n nodes, which shall be denoted as {N1 , . . . , Nn }. Then the following relation holds:
2π
∠N1 ON2 = ∠N2 ON3 = · · · = ∠Nn−1 ONn = ∠Nn ON1 = . (1)
n
Then the following is also true due to condition 2 and 3 above:
1
||4N1 ON2 || = ||4N1 ON2 || = · · · = ||4Nn−1 ONn || = ||4Nn ON1 || = . (2)
n
Then the area for any of the given triangles is:
1 1
||4Ni ONi+1 || = |Ni O||Ni+1 O| sin (∠Ni ONi+1 ) = i ∈ {3, 4, . . . , n}. (3)
2 n
By the following simplification and rearrangement
s
2
|Ni O| = . (4)
n × sin (∠Ni ONi+1 )
Using the Law of Cosine and further simplification, the following is the expression for |Ni O|:
s
4(1 − cos ( 2π
n ))
|Ni O| = . (5)
n × sin ( n )
2π

Given this, the perimeter shall be the following:

r π
P erimeter = 2 n tan . (6)
n

2.3 What About an Infinite Edged Polygon?

We shall now show that the following equation has a finite answer:
r π
lim 2 n tan . (7)
n→∞ n
The computation of this limit can be done when using the infinite series representation of Tangent (up to the x2
term will be sufficient):
1 2
tan(x) = x + x3 + x5 + . . . (8)
3 15
We get the following:
r
π 1  π 3
≈ lim 2 n( + + . . . ). (9)
n→∞ n 3 n
 3
Because 31 nπ and all subsequent terms will be infinitely small, they shall be taken to equal zero.
r  
π
≈ lim 2 n . (10)
n→∞ n
√
= 2 π. (11)
Using this answer, it can be shown that this results in the formula for the area of a circle:
√
2πr = 2 π. (12)
(πr) = π.
2
(13)
πr = 1.
2
(14)