CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Broken families have become a common phenomenon in today's society. This term refers

to families that have experienced separation, divorce, or other forms of family breakdown. Such

situations can profoundly impact children's emotional well-being and development, as they may

struggle with feelings of abandonment, confusion, and instability. Additionally, broken families

often face financial challenges and may require additional support to meet the needs of their

members. And it affects social connections among students as well. Children from broken

families may find it difficult to form and maintain strong social connections with their peers, as

they may feel different or isolated due to their family situation. This can further contribute to

loneliness and low self-esteem, potentially affecting their overall social development.

Furthermore, the impact of broken families on social connections can extend beyond the

individual child, as it may also affect their ability to build trusting relationships.

According to a study by the American Psychological Association (2019), children from

broken families are more likely to experience difficulties forming and maintaining healthy

relationships later in life. This can lead to feelings of isolation and a lack of trust in others,

further exacerbating the negative impact on their social connections. Moreover, the absence of a

stable family environment may also hinder their ability to develop effective communication

skills, making it harder for them to establish meaningful connections with others. Behavioral

aggression can also be observed in individuals from broken families, as they may struggle with

managing their emotions and expressing themselves appropriately.

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These challenges can contribute to strained relationships and conflicts with others, adding

another layer of complexity to their social interactions. Additionally, the lack of a strong support

system within a broken family can make it more difficult for individuals to seek help or guidance

when facing relationship difficulties, further perpetuating the cycle of unhealthy relationships.

Being envious of others who have a complete family and seemingly stable and fulfilling

relationships can also exacerbate feelings of loneliness and isolation, making it even harder for

individuals to develop healthy connections with others. Moreover, constantly comparing oneself

to others can lead to a negative self-image and low self-esteem, hindering the ability to form

relationships rather than have a family.

Background of the Study

A broken family is a family that has separated or divorced parents, or one where one or

both parents have died. Broken families are a significant societal issue, as they can have a

negative impact on children's social and emotional well-being. Children of broken families can

experience difficulties in forming attachments and trust, have a higher risk of developing anxiety

and depression, and may have a harder time interacting with peers.

One of the most significant effects of a broken family on social connection is the impact

on children's relationships with their parents. Children may struggle with feelings of

abandonment, anger, and mistrust towards their parents, which can make it difficult for them to

form a healthy attachment with their caregivers. As a result, children may struggle with their

emotional and social development and may struggle to cope with future relationships. In

addition, children from broken families may experience changes in their living situation, which

can have an impact on their social connections. They may have to move out of their homes and

into new neighborhoods or schools, which can be disruptive and stressful. These changes can

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lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, which can make it difficult for children to form new

friendships and connect with others.

The impact of a broken family on social connection can be long-lasting. Children who

experience a broken family are more likely to experience social problems, such as isolation and

loneliness. These problems can persist into adulthood, making it difficult for individuals to form

lasting relationships and connect with others. In conclusion, a broken family has a significant

impact on children's social and emotional development. The effect can be long-lasting, affecting

children's ability to form healthy attachments, develop social skills, and connect with others. The

purpose of this study is to determine the different effects of having a broken family on social

connections. It will examine how individuals from broken families may experience difficulties in

forming and maintaining relationships, as well as the potential impact on their overall well-

being, among students at Delfin Albano (Magsaysay) Stand Alone Senior High School

(DAMSASHS).

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Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework will be used to illustrate the variables we are studying and their

relationships. This framework provides a clear structure for organizing our research and

understanding the underlying concepts. Additionally, it helps guide our analysis and

interpretation of the collected data.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 demographic  Purposive  Gathered

profile of students Sampling data
 What are the  Gathering of  Analyzed
effects of a data and
broken family on  Analysis and Interceptio
the respondent's interception n
social  Distribution
connection? of
Questionnair
e
Feedback

FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Figure1: Paradigm of the Study

As seen in the figure, the input variables which are in the first box pertain to the profile of

the students, and the different effects of broken family on social on social connections.

The process consists of the assessment of the respondents wherein it is categorized as the

descriptive survey

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to investigate the effects of a broken family in an individual's social

connection. Specifically, it seeks to explore the following aspects:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Strand

2. What are the effects of a broken family on the respondent's social connection?

3. Is there a significant difference between the effects of a broken family and the respondent's

social connection when grouped according to profile?

Hypotheses

Ho: There is no significant difference between a broken family and the social connection

of the respondents when group to profile.

Significance of the Study

The significant point of this study is to determine the effects of broken family on their

social connection. This study is intended to know the effects of broken family on their social

connection.

The finding of this study will give benefits to the following:

Respondents - Respondents from broken families can benefit from understanding the potential

consequences of family breakdown on their social connections.

Teachers - This study gives them awareness of the situation of their students and they can also

help them to cope with their problems.

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School - The school can benefit by gaining insights into how family disruptions may impact

students' social interactions. This understanding can help the school develop targeted

interventions and support systems to assist students who may be struggling due to family

disruptions.

Researchers - So that we can find out if a broken family affects the social connection of the

respondents.

Future researcher - This study will provide baseline data needed for future researchers and

studies related to this one.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is determined to be about broken family and its effect on social connections. It

aims to determine the different effects of a broken family on social connections. The study will

explore various factors that contribute to a broken family, such as divorce, separation, or the

absence of one or both parents. Additionally, it will investigate how these circumstances impact

individuals' ability to form and maintain social connections with peers, friends, and society at

large.

Definition of terms

For a better of this study, the following definitions will help you understand the concepts

used in this study:

Profile - Pertains to the Age, Sex, and strand of the respondents

Broken Family - A family unit where there's a significant disruption or breakdown in the

structure and function of the family.

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Social Connection - It encompasses the bonds formed through various means such as

friendships, family ties, acquaintances, and relationships with colleagues or members of a shared

interest group.

Effects - A result, consequences or outcome of having a broken family.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents gathered researches from different sources. The studies will be used

as a guide and to support our research. Our related literature starts with the information about

effects of broken family on social connection.

Related literature

A. Foreign literature

According to Sulistyowati, T, Kumalasari, L. D, & Afryliani, I. W. (2022), “Social

Interaction Patterns in Broken Home Family Members” (A Study on the Interaction of Children

as Divorce Victims with Family Members in the Ronggomulyo Family of Tuban Regency)

Broken home is a condition where a family experiences a split caused by conflicts or disputes,

disagreements between married couples. From the inability of married couples to maintain the

family, most couples eventually decided to have a divorce. This condition results from the

children being the victims of parental divorce. It results in a depressive state of the child even to

the frustration that is difficult to control and regulate. This study aims to find out and describe

the child interaction patterns of divorce victims with family members in Ronggomulyo Village

Tuban Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method.

The data were obtained from observation, interview, and documentation. The research subjects

have been selected based on certain criteria using a purposive sampling technique. This study

uses the Symbolic Interactionism theory by George Herbert Mead. The results of this study are

The subject understanding of divorce is painful The subject understanding of parents after

divorce is parents experience a change in attitude. The subject’s actions after the divorce is

changes in behavior.

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The subject’s interaction with the family members after the divorce in this research is

dissociative and associative.

Base on Mohammed Baqer Hassan1, Khetam Mutashar Hatab2. (2021), Impact of

Broken Family upon Adolescents’ Behavior at Secondary Schools in AL- Najaf AL-Ashraf City.

Broken families It is the family under divorce, separation, death of the father, death of the

mother, and death of both parents. It is the legal termination of marriage. It is also the dissolution

of marriage that is contracted between husband and wife by the judgment of a court of competent

jurisdiction or by an act of the legislature. Separation and divorce have exclusion and negative

effects on the behavior of children as well as the burden of education for those in charge of it,

which involves risks to the psyche and the degree of coping with children. Objectives: To

determine broken families among secondary school adolescents, assess secondary school

adolescents’ behaviors, determine the impact of broken families on adolescents’ behaviors, and

find out the relationship between adolescents’ behaviors under broken families and their socio-

demographic characteristics of age, gender, parent’s education levels, family type, and socio-

economic status. Methodology: An anon-probability (purposive) sample of (555) students, whose

ages are between 12 to 18 years have been selected; the sampling of study is divided into two

stages which include: First stage: the school’s selection by cluster, the AL-Najaf City divided to

six districts, the schools selected randomly (36)school’s boys and girls, from (130) total

schools.Second stage: students under broken family selection by using purposive sampling,

while the control group from each school students were randomly selected.Results: Indicate that

there is significant relationship between the adolescent’s gender under broken family and their

behavior domain excessive suffering, poor anger control, and poor social conformity. While

there is a non-significant relationship between the adolescent’s gender in broken family and their

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other behaviors. The results show that there is a highly significant relationship between

adolescents’ educational level under broken family and their behavior domain poor impulse

control and poor anger control. While there is a non-significant relationship between the

adolescent’s Educational level under broken family and their other behavior domains.

Conclusion: Most of the secondary school adolescents in broken family have Behavior

problems.Recommendation: The Governments and Schools should create awareness of the ills of

broken homes the academic, emotional, and social adjustments of students through training,

workshops, and seminars. Parents should be enlightened on the need to stay together as husband

and wife to raise a good family

According to Sihabuddin, N., & Nahuway, J. (2022), Broken Homes often occur in social

life, especially in divorce cases, with various causes that make husband and wife decide to

divorce. As a result of the divorce, one parent must leave the house and the child must choose

one of them. The impact that arises as a result of this divorce is the communication process that

exists between parents and children who do not live together. Therefore, family communication

patterns are very important in family relationships even though they are separated. In general, the

purpose of this research is to determine the communication patterns of parents and children in

broken-home families. The theory used is the pattern of family communication using qualitative

research methods. Data collection techniques used are observation and in-depth interviews. The

results obtained are communication patterns of parents and children using family communication

patterns consisting of equation communication patterns, separate balanced communication

patterns, separate unbalanced communication patterns, and monopoly communication patterns. It

can be concluded that the communication pattern of parents and children after the divorce has an

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impact on the relationship and changes like parents and children. So it can be said that a broken

home has an impact on the relationship between parents and children and their personalities.

According to Malik, A. S., Mahmood, A., & Abbas, R. (2022), Impact of single parenting

on the development of young adults The study sought to investigate whether the social

development of young adults (in the form of resilience) is more closely related to single parents

or the upbringing of both parents and how the nonappearance of 1 of the 2 parentages can affect

these imperative aspects. Young adults from sole mother or father and intact households, both

320 boys and girls, 160 young adults from broken setups, and 160 young adults from happy

families were selected through a convenient sampling technique from different educational

institutes. This study adopted the quantitative research design and method of the survey to gather

information. The structured Resilience Scale (RS) was used to gather data. A noteworthy

variance was seen in young adults ‘resilience with single and both parents. There was a

significant difference found between age, and resilience and even between education and

resilience. There was no important change visible in the order of birth between young adults with

both parents and single parents. The results have a major impact on clinicians and educators

working with families who are concerned with nurturing positive, emotionally close-step

relationships as well as maintaining sturdy matrimonial ties and beliefs among spouses in

marriages.

According to Carvalho, A. B. de, Petrini, G, Macena, L. da C., & Lima, C. R. de O.

(2023), Social sustainability and family relations: Sustentabilidade social a result of the theme of

social sustainability and family relationships and the extension of the sustainability and

development categories, a need was perceived to investigate the importance of the family in

contributing to more cooperative and solidary sociability, more capable of promoting peace and

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dialogue and sustainable development. This article aims to identify which characteristics of

family relationships favor social sustainability, establishing a connection between the

contributions of family relationships and sustainable development. We will adopt a qualitative

and interdisciplinary approach, through an exploratory bibliographic survey in books, reports,

government websites and academic articles from Google Scholar, Scielo, Capes and Research

Gate journals, which allowed us to consider that the family is the place where they are trained.

the attitudes necessary for coexistence to be more humanized and sociability more proactive,

characterized by cooperation and solidarity among its members, characteristics necessary for

sustainable social development.

B. local

According to Lanozo, J. G., Tabieros, L., Solmiano, E. L., Paras, N., & Tus, J. (2021),

Buhay estudyante: The lives of students from broken families. Family is the most basic unit of

society, and the foundation of it is the parents, marriage, and offspring. Everyone longs for a

place to call home and a healthy family both in mind and body relationship. Generally, people’s

view of complete families has married parents with children. Even so, the case is not always like

that. Broken families are not uncommon; rather, it is familiar and often encountered around us.

This study’s primary goal is to assess the lived experiences of students from broken families

amidst the pandemic, specifically, it sought the following objectives: to describe the positive

experiences of students from broken families, to describe the challenges of the students from

broken families experience and why do they consider those as challenges, to describe the effects

on academic performance of the students coming from broken families. The study utilized

Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) with the 10 participants ages 15 to 24 years old

from a broken family. Based on the study, the findings are the following: Most of the students

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from broken families are greatly challenged by financial, emotional, mental, social, and

behavioral problems

that contribute to their poor academic performance. Most of the students who have divorced

(separated) parents are inattentive and limited. They rarely provide time, care, and financial

support for student’s daily needs and academic fees. Students from broken families cope with

being independent and optimistic in their situation. Students from broken families gain positive

experiences despite the traumatic family background, especially personal growth and building

stronger relationships.

According to R. Hernandez and M. Santos. (2020), The Effects of a broken family on the

Behavior of the Students The goal of this study is to know the effect of a broken family to the

behavior of the students First, the researcher made an introduction that provides background and

motivation to the researcher’s topic. Also, the researcher made a statement of the problem to

determine the effects of broken family to the behavior of the students. The researcher’s purpose

to do this research is to let the people know the effects of broken family to the behavior of the

students. Next, the researcher discovered that there are some literatures, articles and thesis

related to the effects of broken family. This literature helps the researcher to support the

research’s hypothesis. To make the study complete the researcher need to gathered some

information with the used of survey questionnaire to the 50 students with the age of 12 years old

to 17 years old students in Grade 7 to Grade 10. The researcher made a questionnaire composed

of 6 questions about how does broken family affect as a student and the main cause of having a

broken family. Based on the respondents, they are aware that broken family affects the students

that lead to absences in school and they involve their selves in fraternity. The respondents also

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answered that the main cause of having a broken family is separation of the parents. The

respondents also answered that showed to the victim the goodness of life.

According to G. Abbariao, A. Dimaano, V. Insigne, V. Pendon. (2022), Broken Family:

Its Effects to The Academic Performance of Students At Bestlink College Of The Philippines

Family is the basic unit of society. This is the most important component of a country. A home is

where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word “house” but a house is more appropriately

referring to the material structure, whereas “home” refers to the intangible things that bind

together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps the mother, father

and their children together. However, there are times when the family disagrees with each other,

causing separation or what is called the broken family. Does the breaking of the family affect the

behavior and school performance of the children? The study used the descriptive method of

investigation with 15 students in the SHS, GAS Strand, at BCP who are from broken families.

Their identities were withheld to protect their family background. A set of the questionnaire was

distributed, their data were analyzed and interpreted using simple percentage, ranking, and

weighted mean. The majority of the respondents are females with rented houses, Catholics, and

revealed that one of the parents has an extramarital affair as the main cause of separation. A

number of them have personal differences with others while others have financial problems.

These cause the respondents' physical, emotional, and health problems affecting the decrease of

school performance. There is a clear indication that family separation affects the whole being of

the respondents including their physical, psychological, and mental development. Absenteeism

and dropping out of school are the manifestations of the problem. As such, victims are invited to

the guidance center for counseling spiritually and involvement in the school's extracurricular

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activities. Teachers build a closer-friendly relationship with the help of the classroom student

council to revive their self-esteem and personality.

Based on the study of A. Felisilda, and L. Torreon. (2020), EFFECTS OF BROKEN

FAMILY ON PUPILS’ BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS.

Family is the smallest, most sensitive and important social system which is furnished and

facilitated by a society as a larger social system. The family, being a powerful influence on the

child’s development and important primary agent of socialization could in no doubt enhance or

hinder the academic achievement of the child depending on the social climate in the family. This

study seeks to evaluate the effects of broken family on behavioral development and academic

success of pupils in the public elementary school. There were a total of three hundred (300)

identified respondents that belonged to broken families that were selected to participate in the

study. The researchers used descriptive- survey research method design to probe the pupil’s

knowledge with regards to the topic, and it employed modified questionnaire (Behavioral

Checklist from Psychological Associates, 2019) and direct observation in collecting data from

the field. It was found out that age, sex, grade level, number of siblings, and person stays with

has no direct influence to the pupils’ behavioral development, and however, academic success of

the pupils depends on their behavior development. This study concluded that the attitude and

behavior of the learner affects their academic success.

According to Gonowon, M. L. (2023), Psychosocial Development of Children in Conflict

with the Law Under Detention in the Bicol Region, Philippines. A child's personality may be

impacted by various factors such as the marital status of parents, interpersonal problems within

the marriage, a broken household, and solo parenting. Therefore, children with mental illness can

experience severe issues leading to illegal troubles. Hence, this study examines the psycho-social

15
factors contributing to children in conflict with the law in the Bicol Region, Philippines. For this

purpose, data from 67 respondents was collected on a volunteer basis through interviews from

different care institutions that handle children in conflict with the law for welfare and

development. Results of the study revealed that lack of quality time with parents, marital status,

parents' poor working status, and lack of participation in cultural activities and community

services were significant in influencing a child's behaviour to violence. The study also provides

possible proactive measures to help parents and authorities rebuild the lives of children in

conflict with the law and become valuable members of society.

Related Studies

A. Foreign

According to Amato, P. R., & Cheadle, J. E. (2017), "The Long Reach of Divorce:

Divorce and Child Well-being Across Three Generations." Examines the impact of divorce on

child well-being across three generations. It finds that the intergenerational transmission of

divorce can affect children's social connections, making them more likely to experience marital

instability themselves. Furthermore, the study highlights that children from divorced families are

more prone to psychological distress and have lower academic achievements compared to those

from intact families. The study also suggests that the negative effects of divorce on child well-

being may persist into adulthood, as individuals from divorced families are more likely to have

difficulty forming and maintaining stable romantic relationships in their own lives. This could be

attributed to the lack of positive role models and healthy relationship dynamics they were

exposed to during their upbringing. Additionally, the study indicates that individuals from

divorced families may struggle with trust issues and have a higher likelihood of experiencing

emotional and commitment issues in their adult relationships. Additionally, the findings

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emphasize the importance of providing support and resources for children from divorced families

to mitigate the potential long-term consequences for their overall well-being. These long-term

effects emphasize the importance of providing support and resources for children and families

experiencing divorce to mitigate the potential negative consequences.

According to Ryan, R. M.,& Claessens, A. (2019), "Associations between Family

Structure Changes and Children's Behavior Problems: The Moderating Effects of Timing and

Marital Birth." This research explores how changes in family structure, such as divorce and

remarriage, influence children's behavior problems and social adjustment. It highlights that the

timing and context of these changes can significantly affect social connections and emotional

well-being in children. The study suggests that children who experience family structure changes

during early childhood may be more vulnerable to behavior problems compared to those who

experience these changes later in life. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of

providing support and resources to children during these transitions to mitigate the negative

impact on their social and emotional development. This support can come in the form of

counseling services, educational programs, and community resources that help children navigate

through the challenges associated with family structure changes. Furthermore, parents and

caregivers must maintain open lines of communication with children during these transitions,

ensuring they feel heard and understood throughout the process. Understanding the specific

factors that contribute to better outcomes for children experiencing family structure changes can

help inform interventions and policies aimed at promoting their overall well-being. Additionally,

the research emphasizes the importance of considering marital status at the time of a child's birth,

as it can also impact their behavioral outcomes.

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 According to Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S, Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S. (2018),

"Trajectories of Internalizing, Externalizing, and Grades for Children Who Have and Have Not

Experienced Their Parents' Divorce or Separation." This study looks at the long-term effects of

parental divorce or separation on children's academic and social outcomes. The researchers

collected data from a large sample of children for several years to examine how the trajectories

of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as academic grades, differed between

children whose parents had divorced or separated and those whose parents had not. Additionally,

they aimed to identify any potential variations in these outcomes based on factors such as gender,

age at the time of divorce or separation, and parental conflict levels. It investigates how these

family disruptions can impact children's social development and overall well-being, as well as

their future relationships and mental health. The study also explores potential protective factors,

such as strong support systems or access to therapy, that may mitigate the negative effects of

parental divorce or separation on children's social development.

According to Hetherington, E. M., & Stanley-Hagan, M. (2020), "The Adjustment of

Children with Divorced Parents: A Risk and Resilience Perspective." This research focuses on

the risk and resilience factors that mediate the impact of parental divorce on children's social

connections and psychological well-being. It provides insights into how some children from

broken families can maintain healthy social relationships despite the challenges they face.

According to Robert Hughes Jr., Ph.D., and C. Herschel (2021), "The Effects of Divorce

on Children." The effects of divorce on children, with a focus on its impact on social

connections. It examines how children from broken families may experience challenges in

forming and maintaining social connections with peers. The study discusses the potential

emotional, psychological, and behavioral effects that can influence a child's ability to build

18
healthy relationships outside of the family context. It also explores the importance of various

factors, such as parental conflict, co-parenting, and support systems, in mitigating the negative

social effects of divorce on children. Furthermore, the study delves into the long-term

consequences of these challenges, highlighting the potential impact on a child's self-esteem, trust

issues, and overall social development. Additionally, it suggests interventions and strategies that

can help children from broken families navigate these difficulties and foster positive peer

relationships for their well-being.

Related Studies

B. Local

According to M. V. Joy Salazar and Nerry Jane P. San Juan (2019), "The Effects of

Broken Families on Social Connectedness among Filipino Adolescents". This study explores the

impact of broken families on social connectedness among Filipino adolescents. They delve into

the various factors that contribute to this phenomenon and examine its consequences for the

overall well-being of young individuals in the Philippines. Additionally, the researchers propose

potential interventions and strategies to mitigate the negative effects of broken families and

promote healthier social connections among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the

effects of broken families on the social connectedness of Filipino adolescents. It concluded that

adolescents from broken families had lower levels of social connectedness compared to those

from intact families. The study also found that the negative effects of broken families on social

connectedness were more pronounced in adolescents who lacked strong support systems or

positive role models. These findings highlight the importance of providing resources and

guidance to help adolescents build and maintain healthy relationships, particularly in the context

of broken families.

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 According to Carla L. Reyes and Maria Teresa S. De Leon (2017), "Broken Family

Structure and Its Effects on Children’s Educational Achievement in the Philippines," This study

explored the relationship between broken family structure and children's educational

achievement in the Philippines The researchers surveyed a sample of students from different

schools in the Philippines to gather data on their family structure and educational performance.

The findings revealed a significant correlation between broken family structure and lower

educational achievement, suggesting that children from broken families are more likely to

struggle academically compared to those from intact families. Additionally, the study highlighted

the importance of providing support and interventions for children from broken families to

mitigate the negative effects on their educational outcomes. It found that children from broken

families had lower educational attainment, and this was linked to social disadvantage and limited

access to resources. The study also revealed that children from broken families were more likely

to experience emotional and behavioral difficulties, which further hindered their academic

performance.

According to Emmanuel S. de Dios, Rene E. Ofreneo, and Raul V. Fabella (2020), "The

Impact of Broken Families on Poverty and Vulnerability to Economic Shocks" This paper

discusses the effects of broken families on poverty and vulnerability to economic shocks in the

Philippines. The authors analyzed various factors, such as household income, education levels,

and access to social support systems, to understand the extent of the impact. They found that

broken families often face greater challenges escaping poverty and are more susceptible to

economic shocks due to a lack of financial stability and emotional support. Additionally, the

paper highlights the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the unique

vulnerabilities faced by individuals from broken families to alleviate poverty and promote

20
resilience in the face of economic uncertainties. It was argued that broken families were more

susceptible to poverty and economic shocks, and this could be attributed to a lack of social

support and resources available to them. This lack of support often leads to limited access to

education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, further perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

Additionally, the emotional toll of growing up in a broken family can impact individuals' mental

well-being and hinder their ability to cope with economic hardships. Therefore, implementing

comprehensive social programs that provide both financial assistance and emotional support can

help break this cycle and empower individuals from broken families to overcome economic

challenges and achieve long-term stability.

According to Arnisson Andre C. Ortega (2019), "Broken Families and Social Capital: A

Study of Poor Urban Communities in the Philippines" This study investigated the impact of

broken families on social capital in poor urban communities in the Philippines. And examined

how the breakdown of family structures affects the level of trust, cooperation, and support within

these communities. It aimed to understand the relationship between broken families and the

weakening of social networks, which are crucial for community development and resilience.

Additionally, the study explored potential interventions or strategies that could help mitigate the

negative consequences of broken families on social capital in these marginalized areas. It found

that broken families negatively affected social capital by reducing trust, reciprocity, and social

cohesion among community members. It also revealed that broken families often lead to

increased levels of social isolation and limited access to resources and support networks. These

findings highlight the importance of addressing family dynamics and providing interventions that

promote healthy relationships within these communities.

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 According to Meredith J. Smith, Vanessa M. Martirez, and Joyce D. Abrenica (2021),

"The Effects of Broken Families on Parent-Child Relationships and Adolescent Behavioral

Outcomes" This study examined the effects of broken families on parent-child relationships and

adolescent behavioral outcomes in the Philippines. It showed that broken families disrupted

parent-child relationships, which led to negative behavioral outcomes among adolescents.

Specifically, the study found that adolescents from broken families were more likely to exhibit

higher levels of aggression and delinquency compared to those from intact families.

Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of providing support and interventions for

both parents and adolescents in broken families to mitigate the negative effects on their

relationships and behavioral outcomes.

Synthesis

Foreign and local studies explore the different effects on broken family on social

connections. Foreign studies have shown that broken families can have a significant effect on

social connections. Research conducted in various countries has revealed that individuals from

broken families often experience difficulties in forming and maintaining strong social bonds.

These challenges can manifest in the form of lower levels of trust, decreased social support

networks, and even higher rates of loneliness. Similarly, local studies have also highlighted the

negative consequences of broken families on social connections.

On the other hand, foreign and local literature shows that individuals from broken

families may also develop resilience and adaptability skills as a result of their experiences. These

individuals may learn to rely on themselves and develop strong self-reliance, which can

positively impact their ability to form and maintain social connections. Additionally, research

suggests that support systems outside of the immediate family, such as friends, teachers, or

22
mentors, can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of broken families on social

bonds.

With the studies and literature shown in our study, we will also examine the effect of broken

family on social connections

23
 Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the method to be used, the setting of the study, the respondents of

the study, the research instrument, and the data gathering procedure to be used for the research.

Research Design

This study employs a Descriptive survey method to gather data on the effects of broken

family on social connections. Quantitative research is a structured method that uses

computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to analyze data from various sources. It aims to

quantify the problem and understand its prevalence by examining a larger population.

Quantitative research is more explorative, relying on survey data that can be interpreted

subjectively.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at Delfin Albano Magsaysay Stand-Alone Senior High

School, located in Zone 1, San Antonio, Delfin Albano, Isabela. That offers academic strands

(ABM, STEM, and HUMSS), technical-vocational-livelihood (Home Economics: Cookery, BPP,

FBS, and Caregiving), industrial arts (SMAW and EIM), and information and communications

technology ICT) technical drafting and programming.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study will be the G-11 and G-12 students. All the respondents

will be selected by total enumeration sampling. This method is a type of purposive sampling

technique where you choose to examine the entire population that have a particular set of

characteristics.

24
Research Instruments

The main data gathering instrument for this study shall be a questionnaire to be floated to

the respondents in terms of broken family and its effect on social connection.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher will obtain permission from the research adviser and principal to conduct

the study. The survey will be administered to selected respondents, and the researchers will then

distribute the questionnaires to the selected respondents.

Ethical Issue

The participants will asked if they are willing to participate in the study that will be

conducted. The processes, risks, and benefits of this research will be explained to the

participants, and their written consent will be obtained. The questionnaire transcripts will be kept

confidential, information will not discolor anyone.

Treatment of Data

1. Percentage and frequency distribution used in analyzing the demographic profile of

the respondents in terms of age, sex, and strand.

P=percentage F=frequency N=number of the respondents

2. Mean used to determine the relationship between broken family on respondents social

connection.

25
 Scale Mean Description

Always 5 4.21-5.00 Very high

Often 4 3.41-4.20 High

Sometimes 3 2.61-3.40 moderate

Rarely 2 1.81-2.60 Low

Never 1 1.00-1.80 Very low

T-test and ANOVA

T-test will be used to determine the relationship between broken family on social

connection of the respondents when grouped by the demographic profile of the respondents.

ANOVA will determine whether the difference between data groups is statistically significant.

26
 Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter provides a presentation of statistical data relative to the problems posed. The

corresponding analysis and interpretation of the data are incorporated into this portion of the

study.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1: Age of the Respondents

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

16 years old 9 21.95%

17 years old 15 36.58%

18 years old 13 31.71%

19 years old 3 7.32%

20 & above 1 2.44%

TOTAL 41 100%

According to Table 1, 2.44% of respondents who were 20 & above answered the

questionnaire, while 7.32% were 19 years old. 21.95% are from the age of 16 years old, 31.71%

are from the age of 18 years old, and 36.58% are from the age of 17 years old. Therefore, most of

our respondents were 17 years old and answered our questionnaire.

Table 2: Gender of the Respondents

27
 SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 16 39.02%

FEMALE 25 60.97%

TOTAL 41 100%

Based on the table, our male respondents are 39.02%, while our female respondents are

60.97%. Therefore, the majority of our respondents are female, at 60.97%.

Table 3: Strand of the Respondents

STRAND FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

ABM 7 17.07%

HUMSS 18 43.90%

STEM 9 21.96%

TVL 7 17.07%

TOTAL 41 100%

The table above shows the strand distribution of respondents. As we see in the table, a

majority of 18 or 43.90% of respondents are taking up HUMSS, followed by STEM with 9 or

21.96% of respondents. TVL and ABM ranked 3rd with 7 or 17.07%. Therefore, the majority of

the respondents are taking on Humanities and Social Sciences.

Table 4: Effects of a Broken Family on the Respondent's Social Connection

28
 Effects of Broken Family on Social x σ VERBAL DESCRIPTION
Connections
1. The breakdown of my family affected my
willingness to participate in social activities. 3.56 3.25 Often

2. I feel a sense of loss or emptiness when I 3.87 3.89 Often

compare my family life to others.
3. I feel envious of people who have strong, 3.95 3.56 Often
supportive family bonds.
4. Having a broken family affects my 3.58 3.29 Often
confidence level in dealing with peers.
5. I feel isolated or disconnected from others 3.58 3.25 Often
due to family circumstances.
6. The breakdown of my family has influenced 3.90 3.53 Often
my communication style, making me more
reserved or hesitant to open up to other people.
7. Having a broken family affects my ability to 3.68 3.34 Often
form meaningful relationships.
8. I tend to keep certain aspects of my family 3.82 3.50 Often
background private, fearing judgment or
misunderstanding from others.
9. My family situation has an impact on my 3.75 3.37 Often
overall sense of connection and belonging in
society.
10. I think having a broken family can affect on 4.19 3.84 Often
how I trust others.

OVERALL 3.78 3.48 Often

Based on the table, question number 10 has the highest score by having a mean of 4.19,

followed by number 3 with 3.95, followed by number 6 with 3.90, and then followed by number

2 with 3.87. And number 8 with 3.82, followed by number 9 with 3.75, and number 7 with 3.68.

Numbers 4 and 5 got 3.58, while question number 1 got the lowest with a mean score of 3.56.

Table 5: Summary of statistics for effects of broken family on social connection per age

29
 Groups Count Sum Average Variance

16 years old 9 37.30 4.14 0.43

17 years old 15 55.80 3.72 0.48

18 years old 13 48.70 3.75 0.91

19 years old 3 9.20 3.07 0.02

20 & above 1 4.50 4.50 #DIV/0!

The table shows that 16 years old has a count of 9 and a sum of 37.30 then a average of 4.14 and

it has a variance of 0.43, while 17 years old has a count of 15 years old and a sum of 55.80 then a

average of 3.72 and it has a total variance of 0.48, on other hand 18 years old has a count of 13

and sum of 48.70 and it has a average of 3.75 and it has a total variance of 0.91, more over 19

years old has only 3 counts and a sum of 9.20 and a average of 3.07 and a total variance of 0.02

on 20 & above it have only 1 count and a sum of 4.50 and an average of 4.50 and a total variance

of 0.

Source of Variation SS df MS F P- value Decision

30
 Between Groups 3.303 4 0.826
Accept null
Within Groups 21.125 36 0.587
1.407 0.251 hypothesis

Total 24.428 40

Table 6: Significant difference between broken family social connection when they are group

according to age

*Correlation at the level of 0.05 (Two-tailed)

The researcher took the results of their Age variable using One-Way Anova and the results

show the p-value 0.251 is greater than the alpha which is 0.05 therefore the decision is not

significant. The table shows that the p-value is greater than the alpha 0.05 which indicates that

there is enough evidence to accept the null hypothesis. This reveals that there is no significant

difference between a broken family and the social connection of the respondents when grouped

according to age.

Table 7: Summary of statistic for broken family and its effect on social connection per gender

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Female 25 96.90 3.88 0.48
Male 16 58.60 3.66 0.84

The table shows that female have 25 count and have a sum of 96.90 and an average of 3.88 and a

total variance of 0.48 meanwhile male have a count of 16 and a sum of 58.60 and a average of

3.66 and a total variance of 0.84.

31
 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value Decision
Between Groups 0.445 1 0.445 0.723 0.400
Within Groups 23.983 39 0.615
Accept null
Total 24.428 40 hypothesis

Table 8: Significant difference between broken family and social connection when they are

group according to Gender

*Correlation at the level of 0.05 (Two-tailed)

The researcher used One-Way Anova to analyze the findings of their Gender variable,

and the results show that the p-value of 0.400 is greater than the alpha of 0.05, indicating that the

decision is not statistically significant. The table demonstrates that the p-value is greater than

alpha 0.05, implying that there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis. This

demonstrates that there is no significant difference between a fractured family and respondents'

social connections when grouped by Gender.

Table 9: Summary of statistic for broken family and its effect on social connection per Strands

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

ABM 7 25.90 3.70 0.74
HUMSS 18 66.50 3.69 0.69
STEM 9 34.63 3.85 0.44
TVL 7 25.30 3.61 0.76
The table shows that HUMSS strand have a count of 18 and a sum of 66.50 and average of 3.69 a

total variance of 0.69, while STEM strand have a 9 counts and a sum of 34.63 and a average of

3.85 and total variance of 0.44 on the other hand ABM and TVL strand have the same 7 count

but different sum like on ABM have a sum of 25.90 while on TVL is 25.30 and on average ABM

has 3.70 average on TVL has an average of 3.61 and a total variance of 0.76 while on ABM has

a total variance of 0.74.

32
 Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value Decision
Between Groups 0.238 3 0.079 0.121 0.947
Within Groups 24.208 37 0.654
Accept the
null
Total 24.446 40 hypothesis

Table 10: Significant difference between broken family and social connection when they are

group according to strands

*Correlation at the level of 0.05 (Two-tailed)

The researcher used a one-way ANOVA to look at their gender variable, and the results

indicate that the p-value of 0.947 is higher than the alpha level of 0.05, suggesting that there's no

statistically significant difference. Additionally, the table confirms this, showing that the p-value

is greater than alpha 0.05, implying that we should accept the null hypothesis. Overall, this

means theres no notable distinction between broken family and respondents social connections

when categorized by Strands.

33
 Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter presents the conclusion drawn based on the salient findings of the study

presented in the previous chapter. The recommendation of the study are also provided in this

chapter.

Summary of Findings

Here under are the highlights of the salient findings:

Profile of the Respondent. The majority, with a frequency of 17 or 36.58 percent, are of the age

of 17 years old, followed by 18-year-olds with a frequency of 13 or 31.71 percent. And

16 years old with a frequency of 9 or 21.95 percent, then 19 and 20 years old are the

lowest with a frequency of 3 and 1 or 7.32 percent and 2.44 percent. In terms of sex, the

majority is the frequency of 25 or 60.97 percent of female respondents, and male

respondents have a frequency of 16 or 39.02 percent. As regards strands, Humss has the

highest frequency of 18 or 43.90 percent, and Stem has a frequency of 9 or 21.96 percent,

while Abm and Tvl have the same frequency of 7 or 17.07 percent.

Effects of a Broken Family on the Respondent's Social Connection. The highest mean is 4.19

with a verbal description of often or high, while the lowest mean score is 3.56 with a

verbal description of often or high. Therefore, the overall computed mean is 3.78, which

indicates a verbal description of the responses of the respondents as often or highly.

Significant difference between broken family social connection. Age has the highest computed

value of 1.407, and the highest probability is strand with 0.785, and the decisions of age,

34
 sex, and strand are not significant. It was revealed that all computed p-values or

probabilities are greater than alpha 0.05, which indicates that there is enough evidence to

accept the null hypothesis. This reveals that there is no significant difference between

broken families and social connections when grouped according to age, sex, and strand.

Conclusion

The purpose of this study was to get to know the effects of having a broken family on

selected students at Delfin Albano Magsaysay Stand Alone Senior High School.

After several reviews, the effects of broken families on respondents social connections

were found to be significant, with some are experiencing feelings of isolation and difficulty

forming meaningful relationships.

It was also revealed that there is no significant difference between the broken family and

social connections of the students when grouped according to their profiles. In conclusion, there

is no significant difference in the effects of broken family on their social connections based on

their sex, age, and strands.

35
 Recommendations

In view of the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers offers the following

recommendations.s

Respondents: Seek support from counselors to cope with emotional challenges. It is important

to remember that you are not alone and that seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Building a strong support system can provide comfort and guidance during difficult times.

Engage in activities that promote self-care and personal growth. Remember to prioritize your

own well-being and make time for activities that bring you joy and relaxation. Taking care of

yourself is essential in order to navigate the challenges that come with being part of a broken

family. Consider joining support groups or seeking therapy to address feelings of isolation or

loneliness. Remember that healing takes time, and it is okay to seek professional help if needed.

You do not have to go through this alone. Practice open communication with trusted individuals

about your experiences and feelings. This can help you feel supported and understood, and it

may provide valuable insights and perspectives on how to cope with your situation.

Teachers: Foster a supportive and inclusive classroom environment where students feel

comfortable discussing personal challenges. Encourage students to seek help from school

counselors or mental health professionals if they are struggling. Be attentive to signs of distress

or behavioral changes in students that may indicate family issues. Offering a safe space for

students to share their struggles can make a significant difference in their well-being and

academic success. And provide resources and referrals to school counselors or support services

for students experiencing difficulties related to broken families. Offer flexibility and

understanding regarding academic responsibilities for students facing family-related stressors.

36
Community Members: Create opportunities for social connection and support within the

community, such as support groups or community events. And educate community members

about the impact of broken families on individuals social connections and mental well-being.

Offer practical support to families experiencing difficulties, such as childcare assistance or

access to resources for counseling and support. Foster a culture of empathy and understanding,

encouraging community members to reach out to those in need and offer a listening ear or

assistance when possible.

37
 Appendices

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40
41