Human rights-are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race,

sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10 1984
The UDHR states that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights. They are endowed with reasons and conscience and should act towards
one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Rights that Absolute to its nature

Freedom of movement - or the right to travel is a human rights concept
encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place
Right to life and liberty- No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention
or exile.
Equal protection of the law-Protection
- It states: "Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to
the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and,
without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion,
sex, age or mental or physical disability."
International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) It states that all
people have the right of self- determination. they freely determine their political
status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development .
International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Article
1 of CEDAW states that discrimination against women refers to any distinction,
exclusion, or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose
of impairing or nullifying the recognition.
Migrant Workers Convention A migrant worker is defined as one who is to be
engaged, is engaged, or has been engaged, in a remunerated activity in a state of
which he or she is not a national.
 United Nations on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) Article 1
of the UNCRC provides that every human being below the age of 18 years is a
child unless under the law applicable to the child.
partial juridical capacity – 18 years below
full juridical capacity – 19 above
International Environmental Law
The branch of public international law comprising of those substantive,
procedural, and institutional rules which have as their primary objective the
protection of the environment Precautionary Approach.

First, Second, and Third Worlds What is the first second and third world theory?
The United States and the Soviet Union belong to the first world. Developing countries
in Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions belong to the third world. And the
developed countries in between the two belong to the second world".

world system composed of boundaries, structures, member groups, rules of legitimation, and
coherence. This world system is assumed to "comprises a single capitalist world-economy"

Social stratification is essentially the phenomenon of segregating, grouping, and ranking people
based on differences in class, race, economic status, and other categories.
Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility Because developed states have
contributed disproportionately to global environmental degradation, and because they command
greater financial and technological resources, those states have a special responsibility in shouldering
the burden of pursuing global sustainable development (Sarmiento, 2009).

Principle of Non-discrimination Each state should ensure that its regime of environmental
protection, when addressing pollution origination within the state, does not discriminate between
pollution affecting the state and pollution affecting other states (Sarmiento, 2009).
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Principle of Sustainable Development It is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Our Common Future,
UN Document A/42/427).
 Environment Impact Assessment Principle Environmental impact assessment, as a national
instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have significant adverse
impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national authority (1992 Rio
Declaration on Environment and Development, Principle 17).

Principle of Intergenerational Equity Man bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the
environment for present and future generations (1972 Stockholm Declaration on the Human
Environment, Principle 1).