Pampanga Colleges Inc.

Poblacion, Macabebe, Pampanga

In Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Business

Administration major in Financial Management under Mrs. Gloria D. Lacanlale

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

CITRUS MICROCARPA

AS A CREAM TAWAS

Submitted by:

CANO, RUTH ABIGAIL P.

BSBA 3C

January 2023

Approval Sheet
THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

In Partial Fullfilment of the subject requirements in Business Research for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science Business Administration major in Financial Management, this research

study titled THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS,

has been prepared and submitted by RUTH ABIGAIL P. CANO

GLORIA D. LACANLALE

Professor in Business Research

January 2023

Approved in partial fulfillment of the subject requirements in Business Research by the

Examination committee.

BASILIA G. SUNGA

Dean of Pampanga College

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the subject requirements in Business Research

GLORIA D. LACANLALE BASILIA G. SUNGA

Professor in Business Research Dean of Pampanga College

Acknowledgement

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

First at all, I would like to thank the Almighty God for his enduring grace, guidance, and

protection that he has bestowed upon to me during this research study.

Second, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my professor in Business

Research, Mrs. Gloria D. Lacanlale for the continues support of my study and research, for her

patience, motivation, vision, sincerity, and immense knowledge. Her guidance help me in all the

time of doing this research paper. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his

guidance.

Third, to my parents who have continuously support me financially to accomplished this

research study and for their guidance, encouragement, inspiration to them throughout their lives,

a very special thank you for your parental presence and constant guidance, also I would like to

thank to the people who are teach and guide me to finish and submit this research study on the

said time or date, to my classmate and partner, thank you for all your patience and guidance to

me.

Abstract

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

This research paper show the effectiveness of Citrus microcarpa ( calamansi ) as a cream tawas

that made from organic raw materials. This study was conducted at Macabebe Pampanga, the

120 resident who are using a tawas or cream tawas was the respondents of this study. This

research study will help you to know what product is the best for your under arm. This study use

a quantitative method and also stratified sampling technique and most of the respondents of this

study are student or the 20s (20 to 29 years old), both male and female are the respondents of this

research paper. The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of using a tawas or cream

tawas. This research study prove that using a cream tawas can improve your underarm skin and

eliminate the body odor, according to the 108 or 90% of the respondents using a cream tawas can

eliminate the body odor.

TABLE OF CONTENT

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Title Page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I

Approval Sheet ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 - 6

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Appendices

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 - 8

Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Review of Related Studies --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 - 13

Theoretical / Conceptual Framework -------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15

Hypothesis of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Definition of Terms ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 - 17

Scope and Delimitation of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methods and Techniques of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

Population of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Research Instrument --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

Data Collection Procedure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment --------------------------------------------------------- 21 - 22

Ethical Considerations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

CHATPER III: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1.1: The profile of the respondents in terms of Gender ---------------------------------------- 24

Table 1.2: The profile of the respondents in terms of Age -------------------------------------------- 25

Table 1.3: The profile of the respondents in terms of Address --------------------------------------- 26

Table 2: The skin type in underarm of the respondents ----------------------------------------------- 27

Table 3: The brand name or flavor using of the respondents ----------------------------------------- 28

Table 4.1: The goal of the respondents in term of eliminating the body odor ---------------------- 29

Table 4.2: The goal of the respondents in term of Lighten dark skin --------------------------- 29 -30

Table 4.3: The goal of the respondents in term of remove the chicken skin ----------------------- 30

Table 5: The benefits of cream tawas that made in Calamansi --------------------------------------- 31

CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 - 33

Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

Recommendation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36-37

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

CHAPTER I

The Problem and it’s Background

Introduction

Filipino use tawas in after they taking a bath and whitening their armpits, tawas acts as

astringent in small cuts to stop bleeding and infection and also tawas used as a soothing agent

during or after hair removals by waxing or shaving. Tawas is also used to treat hemorrhoids,

tawas is known for its effective treatment of acne and skin whitening.

Calamansi cream tawas is a product that made from organic raw materials like the main

ingredients which is calamansi or Calamansi Extract that contain 30 times of vitamin C, purified

water, Glycerine, Kojic acid, scent, Cocobetaine, Propylene Glycol. Tawas works by eliminating

the odor that causing bacteria so the body would not smell while maintaining the natural way of

sweating. Tawas that made from Calamansi is very effective in erasing your dark spot and it will

be slowly whitening. According to My Care kits website tawas cream that made from Calamansi

is very effective in erasing your dark spot, it comes with Calamansi Extract. Calamansi rich in

Vitamin C which commonly use as a natural bleaching agent and known to successfully clear

skin of all types of blemishes and discoloration with no untoward side effects.

The researcher intend to know the effectiveness of Calamansi as a cream tawas and

produce a cream tawas that made from Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa). Putting a cream tawas in

your under arm help you to avoid bad smell and at the same time help you to whitening your

armpits. Tawas that made from Calamansi will surely improve your skin in your underarm and it

will be smooth. Tawas is a safe natural way to control body odor or deodorant, tawas is

7
THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

hypoallergenic and easily washable, it is not an antiperspirant thus it does not clog the skin pores.

Calamansi cream tawas is made from organic raw materials, calamansi (Citrus

Microcarpa) contains C which is known to be a number one nutrient in fighting viruses or

bacteria and also contain a Vitamin A which mean maintain your healthy skin. Calamansi is rich

in potassium which means help you to maintain the normal levels of fluid inside our cells and

also calcium which mean helping your muscle to contract.

This study tries to help the environment by substituting the chemicals used in a tawas by

using Calamansi (Citrus Microcarpa) which is abundant in our country. The Calamansi native

homeland is in South east Asia. The Calamansi is easy to cultivate. The plant grows well in cool

and elevated areas and in sandy soils rich in organic matter. Calamansi has been proven to help

alleviate depression and anxiety because the smell was good not unlike to other fruits.

The researcher though of a way in which they can produce a soothing and great cream

tawas. The researcher will test if the fruit extract of can be a better distributer rather than the rock

tawas that usually buy in some known store around you.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Significance of the Study

This study aims to conceptualize and comprehend the effectiveness of Calamansi Cream Tawas.

The significance of this study a great impact and this study will focus only to the effectiveness of

Calamansi Cream Tawas. This research study, the respondent will find out the effects of

Calamansi Cream Tawas. The result of the study will be used as a reference of the future

researchers. This result of the study will benefits the following:

Consumer – this research study will serve as their basis on what will they purchase between the

two brands and know the reasons for purchasing the products.

Manufacturing Companies – this research study will serve as their call improving their

products.

Cosmetics owner – this study will benefit the cosmetic owner to introduce this research of what

the effect of the Calamansi Cream Tawas on their under arms skin, and this will be used as their

reference to improve and make a new product that local base or made and help individual in

boosting their self confidence.

Reseller – this study will benefit the resellers to guide them of what product the best sell and use

in their underarm and also may be able to sell high volume of products and can handle the scales

and customer interaction of process.

Future Researcher – this research study will benefit the future researchers because they can get

information about this tawas product. They might find a relevant ideas and relationship in their

course of their review of the study and helps, they may use this research study as their related

literature.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Review Related Studies

Properties of Calamansi and Uses of Calamansi and benefits

AL-TAHIR KUMPA, sectionthejgroup3blog

March 2017

Properties of Calamansi

Aromatic, antiseptic, antiphlogistic, carminative, deodorant, refrigerant. Studies have suggested

antimicrobial, antianxiety, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, expectorant and antioxidant

properties (Straut Jr., 2016).

Angiogenesis or the development of blood vessels and oxidation or the radical transformation of

cellular substances are two key processes that contribute to cancer progression. Hence, the study

that evaluated the antiangiogenic and antioxidant properties of different concentrations of

calamansi (citrusmicrocarpa) ethanolic peel extract can lower the number of blood vessels that

can trigger cancer progression and more powerful antioxidant property than the ascorbic acid

(Anonymous, 2016).

Uses of Calamansi

Calamansi is one of the tiniest and cheapest fruit that you will see in the market. It is a small fruit

but it does not reflect the many benefits it can give your body. This fruit helps in enhancing

beauty, helps promote your immune system and help you lose weight (Yayang, 2014).

The following are the other uses of calamansi, calamansi can be used for hair growth. Before

taking bath, rub calamansi in your scalp and after 15 minutes you can already rinse it. Do it every

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

day to help your hair grow. If you have dandruff, you can use calamansi to reduce it. Just rub it

to your scalp to reduce itching. It can be also used as a deodorant. After taking a bath, rub the

slice calamansi in your armpit and let it dry. It will also help lighten your armpit because

sometimes deodorants tend to darken our armpits. It helps whiten your skin. If you are dizzy or

nauseous, you can smell the peel of calamansi just squeeze it, just be careful not to squeeze it

near your eyes. It can also remove stains in your clothes. Just dab some calamansi drops on

stained area. It also helps in whitening white clothes and also it help removed acne (Yayang,

2014).

Benefits of Calamansi

The benefits of calamansi, useful for food recipes, eliminate bad smell on fish, skin lightening

and take away stains on the clothes. Moreover, it washes body dirt, can be used as deodorizer,

eliminate itching and promotes hair growth. Helps cough and good source of vitamin C

(Anonymous, 2015).

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Tawas With Calamansi and Lemon Peel As A Water Treatment For Algal Growth and

Water Turbidity

Burns, Isabelle Mihai CDacio, Kirsty Angela P.Luntabo, Jheidi Phoemella P.Sibal, Jenrick

A.Toledo, Ryan Angelo C Senior High School Department of Mary Chiles College

2021

Algal growth is rapid and if not neutralized, it can be harmful for humans and aquatic animals.

This study is a True experimental research design as it discussed the Tawas (Potassium

aluminum sulfate) with calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) peel extract and lemon

(Citrus limon) Peel as a water treatment for algal growth and water turbidity. This study aims to

determine whether these treatments will help to neutralize the algal growth and are effective

treatments for water turbidity. With the use of One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test, it was

concluded that the combination group which contains Tawas (Potassium aluminum sulfate) with

calamansi ( Citrofortunella microcarpa) peel extract and Lemon (Citrus limon) peel extract is the

most effective treatment in neutralizing the algal growth. The treatment which contains tawas

(Potassium aluminum sulfate) with lemon (Citrus limon) peel extract has recorded the highest

illuminance count. This demonstrated that the components of the treatments contributed to the

change in the water’s clarity during the experimentation. With these results, the researchers

therefore proves that there is a significant difference among the treatments in the illuminance of

the water.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Characterisation of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa). Part I: Volatiles, aromatic profiles and

phenolic acids in the peel

Mun Wai Cheong a, Zhi Soon Chong a, Shao

Quan Liu a, Weibiao Zhou a, Philip Curran b, Bin Yu b

2012

Volatile compounds in the peel of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) from Malaysia, the Philippines

and Vietnam were extracted with dichloromethane and hexane, and then analyzed by gas

chromatography–mass spectroscopy/flame ionisation detector. Seventy-nine compounds

representing >98% of the volatiles were identified. Across the three geographical sources, a

relatively small proportion of potent oxygenated compounds was significantly different,

exemplified by the highest amount of methyl N-methylanthranilate in Malaysian calamansi peel.

Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were applied to interpret the

complex volatile compounds in the calamansi peel extracts, and to verify the discrimination

among the different origins. In addition, four common hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, p-

coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids) were determined in the methanolic extracts of calamansi peel

using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector. The Philippines

calamansi peel contained the highest amount of total phenolic acids. In addition, p-Coumaric

acid was the dominant free phenolic acids, whereas ferulic acid was the main bound phenolic

acid.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Theoretical / Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework that was used in this research study is the Input – Process –

Output, as shown in figure 1. The framework was used to show the effectiveness of using a

Calamansi Cream Tawas. In the figure, a process viewed as a series of boxes or processing

element that connected by inputs and output. Information or material object flow through a series

of tasks. Flow charts and processing diagram are often used to represent the process. The IPO

model provided the general structure and guide for direction of the study substituting the

variables of this study on the IPO model, the researchers came up with the following model.

Figure 1: show the IPO model of the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What is the - Study the related

Demographic profile of
the respondents
according to:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Address / Location
2.What is your skin type
in your under arms?
3.How does other tawas
affect on your under arm
skin, it is lightening your
skin and remove the bad
body odor or not?
4.What is the benefits of
calamansi in your skin?
literature and collect the
information about cream
lotion
- Validation of my
research topic
The effectiveness of
- Survey using self
Citrus Microcarpa as a
made questionnaire
- Collection of data from Cream Tawas
survey question and tally
all the data
- Analysis of collected
data
- Formulation of results
and discussion

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Calamansi Cream Tawas to the people

who has a bad body odor skin in their under arms. Specifically, it will attempt to answer the

following questions.

1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Address / Location

2.What is your skin type in your under arms?

3.How does other tawas affect on your under arm skin, it is lightening your skin and remove the

body odor or not?

4.What is the benefits of calamansi in your skin?

Hypothesis of the study

This study tested the following respondents of Macabebe Pampanga who are using a

cream tawas in their under amrs skin.

1. Effectiveness of using a Calamansi Cream Tawas

2. Effectiveness of other brand or flavor of cream tawas

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Definition of Terms

Citrus Microcarpa - (Calamondin) is a bushy evergreen shrub of upright and columnar habit,

prized for its elliptic, glossy rich green leaves and very small

Cream - is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top

of milk before homogenization.

Tawas - is a chemically hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate that possesses a specific crystal

shape and is soluble in water and reacts with acid.

Astringent - is a substance that shrinks tissues

Soothing agent - Any ingredient that soothes and improves signs of sensitivity. Interestingly,

most antioxidants function as soothing ingredients because one of the skin's responses to

environmental damage is sensitivity, visible signs of stress on skin's surface, and redness.

Hermorrhoids - when the veins or blood vessels in and around your anus and lower rectum

become swollen and irritated.

Glycerine - is a humectant, a type of moisturizing agent that pulls water into the outer

Kojic Acid - is an organic compound with the formula HOCH₂C₅H₂O₂OH. It is a derivative of

4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi,

especially Aspergillus oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji.

Propylene Gylcol - is a propanediol that exists as a clear, colorless and hygroscopic liquid and

consists of propane where the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2

Hypo allergenic - meaning "below average" or "slightly" allergenic, is a term meaning that

something causes fewer allergic reactions

Alleviate - make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Aromatic - any of a large class of unsaturated chemical compounds characterized by one or

more planar rings of atoms joined

Antiphlogistic - acting against inflammation or fever

Carminative - are herbs, such as peppermint, allspice, cloves, sage, and thyme, that soothe the

digestive tract

Refrigerant - is a working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and

heat pumps

Hydroxycinnamic - acids are a class of aromatic acids or phenylpropanoids having a C ₆–C ₃

skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of cinnamic acid.

Licorice extract - is often used to relieve symptoms of indigestion, such as acid reflux, upset

stomach

Protease enzyme - are enzymes that break down protein. These enzymes are made by animals,

plants, fungi, and bacteria.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Scope and Delimitation of the study

The scope of the study are the people who are using a cream tawas or tawas in their under

arm after they taking a bath. The study was conducted at Macabebe Pampanga. This research

study selecting a 120 respondents of the resident in Macabebe Pampanga. The main focus of this

research study is to know the effectiveness of cream tawas.

The primarily data gathering method to be used in this research study will be survey or

interview to determine the people who are using a cream tawas or tawas after they take a bath.

The research study will be used to get a reliable result of this study. The gathered data will be

analyzed using tally of all the data from answered questionnaire.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

CHAPTER II

Research Methodology

This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and analysis which

are relevant to this research. The methodologies will include areas such as the Methods and

Techniques, Population , Research instruments, Data Collection Procedure, Data Processing and

Statistical treatment, and Ethical Consideration that will be utilized for accurate data analysis and

interpretation to have precise results.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

This present study utilized quantitative research design. According to Pritha Bhandari (2020)

Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to

find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to

wider populations

This study also used a stratified sampling technique in which according to Van L. Parsons

(2017) Stratified sampling is a probability sampling method that is implemented in sample

surveys. The target population's elements are divided into distinct groups or strata where within

each stratum the elements are similar to each other with respect to select characteristics of

importance to the survey.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Population of the Study

The population of this study was the 120 resident in Macabebe Pampanga. They will be the

providers of information that is needed in this study because they are using a cream tawas or

tawas in a different brand.

The respondents of this study are the 120 residents of Macabebe Pampanga that are already

using a tawas or cream tawas

Table.1 shows the number of male and female of the participants of the study

Respondents Number

Female 88

Male 32

TOTAL: 120

Research Instrument

The instruments used in this study was a survey type of questionnaires will be utilized to elicit

information among the 120 resident of Macabebe Pampanga that are using a cream tawas. The

questionnaire is based on the variables of this study that include the basic information of the

respondents like age, gender, and address. The second part is the type of skin in their under arm.

The third part is the other cream tawas has affect or lightening the skin of user, and the last part

is what is the benefits of calamansi or the other cream tawas of the consumer.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Data Collection Procedure

In a data gathering process, survey and interview will be used to gathered information of 120

residents of Macabebe Pampanga that are using a cream lotion.

Figure 2. Data Collection Procedure

Ask permission to the respondents

Secured the permission of the respondents

Give the survey questionnaire to the respondents and conduct a interview

Retrieved survey questionnaire from the respondents

Tally all the data gathered

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

Data Processing

This research study is a conducted in the month of February and March of 2023. The Data

needed for this quantitative research will be gathered by the 120 consumers in cream tawas

of Macabebe Pampanga. In addition, another researcher made instrument will be prepared by the

researcher to gather the information on the participants’ age, gender, and location or address.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

This study will be conducted for the residents of Macabebe that are already use a cream

tawas.

Statistical Treatment

In the statistical treatment, the result data from the survey questionnaire and supplementary

during interview or survey were collected and retrieved. The data gathered were manually tally,

consolidated, and tabulated. In presenting and analysing the responses of the respondents of this

study, the following statistical treatments were utilized.

Percentage: This is used to determine the profile of the respondents

Weighted Mean: This will be utilized to determine the effectiveness of cream tawas to the

respondents. The numerical scale of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 were assigned weights to each category with

equivalent verbal interpretation follows:

Table 3: show the statistical treatment of the study

Numerical Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

5-4 3 Most important

3–2 2 Slightly important

1 1 Not at all important

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

Ethical Considerations

This research paper certifies that this study purpose is to determine the residents of Macabebe

Pampanga who are the using a cream tawas, as a part of the requirements to accomplished this

research paper in Business Research. According to Kroeck (2017) Ethical Consideration in

business research focus on the methods by which information is gathered and the way the

information is sent to the target respondent.

The researchers will give an oral and written explanation to the respondents for the purpose of

this research, their right to refuse to participant, the understanding of their boundaries of personal

information of this study, and they right to have a copy of the results of this study if they so wish

it. The researcher will continue the survey if the respondents give a consent to be one of the

respondents of this research paper titled the effectiveness of Citrus Microcarpa (Calamansi) as a

Cream Tawas

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

CHATPER III

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter deals with the data gathering, presentation and interpretation of the result

from the conducted survey questions. To accurately draw comparisons between variables, the

researcher used tabular presentation of the data. The tabular presentation allows data to be

organized for further analysis, allows large amount of raw data to be stored and recognized in a

neat format, and allows the inclusion of only the most important or relevant data. It also

facilitates and dialogue between the test and the exact numbers in the results of this study.

The respondents, who are part of this research are the 120 residents of Macabebe

Pampanga that using a cream tawas after they take a bath.

Table 1.1: The profile of the respondents in terms of Gender

Gender Number of the Respondents Percentage

Female 88 73.33%

Male 32 26.67%

TOTAL 120 100%

Table 1.1 shows the number and percentage of gender of the respondents who are using a

cream tawas after they taking a bath, the 88 of the respondents are the female with a percentage

of 73.33%, and the 32 of the respondents are male with a percentage of 26.67% for a total of 120

respondents that equivalent of 100%.

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

This table implies that majority of the respondents who are using a cream tawas are

female.

Table 1.2: The profile of the respondents in terms of Age

Age Number of the Respondents Percentage

Teens 34 28.33%

20s 67 55.83%

30s 9 7.5%

40s 7 5.84%

50s 3 2.5%

TOTAL 120 100%

Table 1.2 shows the number and percentage of age range of the respondents of this study.

According to the table, the 67 of the respondents their age are 20s or the 20 to 29 years old with a

percentage of 55.83%, the 34 of the respondents belong to the teens or the 13 to 19 years old and

at this age, some of the teens they are more care about their skin specially their skin in under arm

with a percentage of 28.33%, the 9 of the respondents are belong to the 30s or the 31 to 39 years

old with a percentage of 7.5%, the 7 of the respondents their age are 40s or the 40 to 49 years old

with a percentage of 5.84%, and last of the table was the 3 of the respondents their age was at

50s or the 50 to 59 years old with a percentage of 2.5%,

This table shows that the majority of the respondents of this study their age are 20s or the

20 to 29 years old which mean at this age, they more pay attention of their skin specially on

under arm and if the person notice that they under arm has dark mark or it smell bad they want to

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

remove it so that they can find a product to whitening and remove the body odor, they buy a

product of cream tawas to prevent the body odor.

Table 1.3: The profile of the respondents in terms of Address

Address / Barangay Number of the respondents Percentage

Batasan 18 15%
Candelaria 24 20%
Castuli 4 3%
Dalayap 6 5%
San Francisco 14 11.66%
San Gabriel 5 4.17%
San Isidro 9 7.5%
San Roque 3 2.5%
San Vicente 17 14.17%
Sta. Rita 10 8%
Sto. Rosario 6 6%
Telacsan 4 3%
TOTAL 120 100%

Table 1.3 shows the number and percentage of address of the respondents of this study.

Based on the table, the 24 of the respondents their address are Candelaria with a percentage of

20%, the 18 of the respondents their live at Batasan with a percentage of 15%, the 17 of the

respondents their live at San Vicente with a percentage of 14.17%, the 14 of the respondents live

at San Francisco with a percentage of 11.66%, the 10 of the respondents live at Sta. Rita with a

percentage of 8%, the 9 of the respondents their address are San Isidro with a percentage of

7.5%, Sto. Rosari and Dalayap has same of address of the 6 respondents with a percentage of

5%, the 5 of the respondents their address are San Gabriel with a percentage of 4.17%,and the

Barangay Castuli and Telacsan has same total of 4 respondents with a percentage of 3%, the 3 of

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

the respondents their address are San Roque with a percentage of 2.5%

This table shows that the majority of the respondents their address are Candelaria.

Table 2: The skin type in the under arm of the respondents

Skin type in Underarm Number of the Respondents Percentage

Chicken Skin 76 63.33%

Fragile Skin 12 10%

Normal Skin 9 7.5%

Dry Armpit Skin 23 19.17%

TOTAL 120 100%

Table 2 shows the number and percentage of skin type in under arm of the respondents of

this study. Based on the table, the 76 of the respondents their skin type in their under arm was a

chicken skin which means is a common condition, it happens when a protein called keratin plugs

the hair follicles, causing white reddish bumps on the skin with a percentage of 63.33%, the 23

of the respondents their skin type in under arm was a Dry armpit skin which means this is the

common self care practices of each individual like shaving the armpit can strip the natural

moisture barrier in this area and lead to dry skin with a percentage of 19.17%, the 12 of the

respondents their skin type in under arm was a fragile skin which means when the skin develops

an appearance, this skin is common condition in older adult and is most noticeable in the arms

with a percentage of 10%, and the last the 9 of the respondents their skin type in underarm was a

normal skin with a percentage of 7.5%.

This table shows that majority of the respondents their skin type in underarm are chicken

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skin.

Table 3: The brand name or flavor using of the respondents

Brand Name or Flavor Number of the respondents Percentage

Skin magical purest tawas cream 26 21.67%

Magic tawas whitening cream 23 19.16%

Deoplus tawas 20 16.67%

88 total white underarm cream 37 30.83%

Other cream tawas 14 11.67 %

TOTAL 120 100%

Table 3 shows the number and percentage of the brand name or flavor that using of the

respondents of this study. Based on the table, the 37 of the respondents using a 88 total white

underarm cream this product made from Thailand with a nice scent, vitamin B3, licorice extract,

protease enzyme and Ascophyllumnodosum which mean can improve your underarm skin and it

can lightening with a percentage of 30.83%, the 26 of the respondents use a skin magical purest

tawas cream this product was made locally, it is made from lemon which mean can eliminate the

body odors and whitening your underarm with a percentage of 21.67%, the 23 of the respondents

use a Magic tawas whitening cream this is also locally made and can help you to improve your

skin type with a percentage of 19.16%, the 20 of the respondents use a Deoplus tawas powder

this product helps you to kill scent causing microbes and gives dry protection from sweat with a

percentage of 16.67%, and the last, the 14 of the respondents use a other brand of cream tawas or

tawas with a percentage of 11.67%.

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This table shows that the majority of the respondent using a 88 total white underarm

cream product.

Table 4.1: The goal of the respondents in using cream tawas in terms of eliminating the

body odor

Eliminating the body odor Number of the Respondents Percentage

Most Important 108 90%
Slightly Important 10 8.33%
Not Important 2 1.67%
TOTAL 120 100%

Table 4.1 shows the number and percentage of the goal of the respondents in terms of

eliminating the body odor of this study. Based on the table, the 108 of the respondents answered

most important in terms of eliminating the body odor using a cream tawas with a percentage of

90%, the 10 of the respondents answered slightly important in terms of eliminating the body odor

which means they more pay attention to other goal of using a cream tawas with a percentage of

8.33%, and the last, the 2 of the respondent they don’t care about the body odor they focus on

other goal of why they using a cream tawas with a percentage of 1.67%.

This table shows that the majority of the respondents they want to eliminate the body

odor of using a cream tawas that has a percentage of 90%.

Table 4.2: The goal of the respondents in using cream tawas in terms of lighten dark skin

Lighten the dark skin Number of the Respondents Percentage

Most Important 98 81.67%

Slightly Important 21 17.5%

Not Important 1 0.83%

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TOTAL 120 100%

Table 4.2 shows the number and percentage of the goal of the respondents in terms of

lighten the dark skin in underarm of this study. Based on the table, the 98 of the respondents care

about the lighten their dark skin in their underarm of using a cream tawas with a percentage of

81.67%, the 21 of the respondents answered slightly important which means this is not the main

goal why they using a cream tawas with a percentage of 17.5%, and the 1 of the respondent don’t

care about the lightening of their underarm with a percentage of 0.83%.

This table shows that the majority of the respondents focus on lightening their underarm

that has a percentage of 81.67%.

Table 4.3: The goal of the respondents in using cream tawas in terms of remove the chicken

skin

It can remove the chicken skin Number of the Respondents Percentage

Most Important 114 95%
Slightly Important 4 3.33%
Not Important 2 1.67%
TOTAL 120 100%

Table 4.3 shows the number and percentage of the goal of the respondents in terms of

remove the chicken skin. Based on the table, the 114 of the respondents pay attention of remove

their chicken skin while using a cream tawas with a percentage of 95%, the 4 of the respondents

answered slightly important in terms of remove or eliminate the chicken skin with a percentage

of 3.33%, and the last, the 2 of the respondents answered that not important in terms of remove

the chicken skin with a percentage of 1.67%.

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This table shows that the majority of the respondent focus of the remove or eliminate the

chicken skin that has a percentage of 95%.

Table 5: The benefits of cream tawas that made in Calamansi

Benefits of cream tawas Number of the Respondents Percentage

Balancing the skin natural oil 12 10%

Fights inflammation 86 71.67%

Detoxifies your body 16 13.33%

Bleach the skin 6 5%

TOTAL 120 100%

Table 5 shows the number and percentage of the benefits of using a cream tawas. Based

on the table, the 86 of the respondents the benefits that they get while using a cream tawas was a

fights inflammation which means it can help to fight free radicals that can damage healthy cells

with a percentage of 71.67%, the 16 of the respondents the benefits that they get is Detoxifies

your body which means cleansing the blood that can help the user to remove the toxic or bad

odor with a percentage of 13.33%, the 12 of the respondents the benefits that get while using a

cream tawas was a Balancing their skin natural oil in underarm with a percentage of 10% ,and

the last, the 6 of the respondents answered they bleach their skin while they using a cream tawas

with a percentage of 5%

This table shows that the majority of the respondents the benefits that get while using

cream tawas was a Fights inflammation that has percentage of 71.67%.

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CHAPTER IV

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter present the summary of the research, conclusion and recommendation of the

researchers regarding the topic of this study. The researcher summarized the study in order for

the readers to answer the problems regarding the topic of this study while the recommendation

are for the development of the present status of the respondents of this study, their present skin

status.

Summary

This study was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. What is the Demographic

profile of the respondents according to: 1.1 Age, 1.2 Gender, 1.3 Address / Location 2.What is

your skin type in your underarm? 3.How does other tawas affect on your underarm, it is

lightening your skin and remove the body odor or not? 4. What is the benefits of calamansi in

your skin?

The respondents of the study were one hundred twenty (120) male and female who are

residents of Macabebe Pampanga that are using a Cream Tawas after they taking a bath or

shower. This study is descriptive and correlational in nature which is analysed the questionnaire

during the data gathering. This study use a quantitative methods and stratified techniques.

 Demographic Profile

1.1 Gender : Majority of the respondents of this study their gender are female with a percentage

of 73.33% and the rest are male with a percentage of 26.67% with a total of 100%.

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1.2 Age: Majority of the respondents of this research study their age are at 20s with a percentage

of 55.83%, follow the teens with a percentage of 28.33%, follow by 30s with a percentage of

7.5% and 40s with the percentage of 5.84% and last the age of 50s with a percentage of 2.5%

with a total of 100%.

1.3 Address: Majority of the respondents of this study their address was Candelaria with a

percentage of 20%, follow the at Batasan with a percentage of 15%, follow by San Vicente with

a percentage of 14.17%,follow the San Francisco with a percentage of 11.66%, then Sta. Rita

with a percentage of 8%, then San Isidro with a percentage of 7.5%, then Sto. Rosari and

Dalayap has same percentage of 5%, follow by San Gabriel with a percentage of 4.17%,and the

Barangay Castuli and Telacsan has same percentage of 3%, and the last San Roque with a

percentage of 2.5%

 Skin type in underarm

The skin type of the majority of the respondent was a Chicken skin which is this a common

condition, this unwanted texture is mainly caused by plucking or waxing that has a percentage of

63.33%, follow by the 19.17% which the Dry Armpit skin , then follow the 10% of type of skin

in their underarm was a Fragile skin that has a percentage of 10% and last the Normal skin with a

percentage of 7.5%.

 Benefits of cream tawas

According to the majority of the respondents of this study the benefits that they get when they

use a cream tawas was fights inflammation which means avoid irritated and cracked dry skin in

underarm with a percentage of 71.67%.

 Brand name

The Majority of the respondents of this study their usually buy 88 total white underarm cream

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product with a percentage of 30.83%, the product has a lot of benefits that’s why most of the

respondents use it and this was approved by FDA of Thailand and has nice scent.

 Goal of the user

Based on the respondents of this study their goal was to eliminate the body odor, lighten the dark

skin and remove the chicken skin, among the 120 respondents they all want to maintain what

they get while using a cream tawas.

Conclusion

In light of the findings of the study, the researcher are able to conclude the following: 1. the

profile of the respondents, the findings are that most of the respondents are female at the age of

20s or the 20 to 29 years old then majority of them their address are at Barangay Candelaria, 2.

What is the skin type in underarm of the respondents of this study and findings of this questions

that the majority of the respondents this skin type in underarm was belong to the chicken skin,

3.How does other cream tawas affect on your underarm , it is lightening your skin and remove

the body odor or not then the findings of this study that when they use a cream tawas or tawas

they can eliminate the body odor, lighten dark skin and it can remove the chicken skin, 4.What is

the benefits of cream tawas then the findings of this study they can fights inflammation,

balancing the skin natural oil, bleach the skin and detoxifies your body or the blood flow in your

body or underarm was smooth.

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Recommendation

The following recommendation are offered for related research in the study of Cream Tawas.

 To those using a cream tawas, continue to use it to maintain your underarm smooth and

totally remove the body odor, and darkness of your underarm, use it daily to get what you

want in your underarm and maintain the skinny and whitening of it.

 This research suggest that for those who are trying to use a cream tawas, the researcher

choice the brand of 88 total white underarm cream that made from Thailand and

approved of FDA Thailand and this product has a lot of benefits like lightening your

underarm and remove the body odor because has a nice scent.

 This product (Calamansi Cream Tawas) has a lot of benefits and it’s also suggested of the

researcher to use this product to help you lightening your dark underarm.

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REFERENCES

https://www.gardenia.net/plant/citrus-microcarpa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream

http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/tawas.htm

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/astringent

https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredients/ingredient-soothing-agent.html#:~:text=Soothing

%20Agent%20Description,on%20skin's%20surface%2C%20and%20redness.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/

hemorrhoids#:~:text=Hemorrhoids%20are%20when%20the%20veins,around%20your%20anus

%20(external).

https://www.healthline.com/health/glycerin-for-face

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojic_acid

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Propylene-glycol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoallergenic

https://www.google.com/search?

sxsrf=APwXEdeNG83xtDGqzkPMcqWduJF79gT35Q:1679713227389&q=deficiency&si=AMn

BZoFY6cJe4EcBOpcoqxHCe-

IfUY97jrFpgOCJhpHN4UT9nfJCaQUCBtUwPeis5QBAJqAsirHKc9Az4DzyBpCSibmrIW6SY

A%3D%3D&expnd=1

https://www.britannica.com/science/aromatic-compound

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/antiphlogistic#:~:text=adjective,noun

https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?

hwid=aa108893&#:~:text=Carminatives%20are%20herbs%2C%20such%20as,ginger%2C

%20lemon%2C%20and%20nutmeg.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycinnamic_acid

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/licorice-root

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1623/proteolytic-enzymes-proteases

https://sectionthejgroup3blog.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/chapter-2-review-of-related-literature-

by-al-tahir-kumpa/

https://www.scribd.com/document/505100893/Tawas-With-Calamansi-and-Lemon-Peel-as-a-

Water-Treatment-for-Algal-Growth-and-Water-Turbidity

https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar_url?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/

pii/

S0308814612003779&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N6QbZLvXA4SNygSFt4DYAw&scisig=AAGBfm3hJ6

-74555ABarDLEydU8G1tjKrA&oi=scholar

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/#:~:text=Published%20on%20June

%2012%2C%202020,generalize%20results%20to%20wider%20populations.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118445112.stat05999.pub2

APPENDICES

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THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CITRUS MICROCARPA AS A CREAM TAWAS

CURRICULUM VITAE

RUTH ABIGAIL P. CANO

Riverside Candelaria Macabebe, Pampanga
Contact No. 0936-047-2405
OBJECTIVE:

Looking for a field of refinement for my current skills, application of knowledge and an environment for
my personality to help my parents in supporting the needs of our family and to help for the company’s
productivity and efficiency with my skills
PERSONAL DATA:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Date of Birth: January 10 2001
Citizenship: Filipino
Tertiary: Pampanga College
Poblacion, Macabebe Pampanga Sex: Female
Bachelor of Science Business Civil status: Single
Administration Height: 4’11
Major in Financial Management Weight: 49 kls
2020 up to present
Senior High: San Vicente-San Francisco High School WORK EXPERIENCE

School: San Francisco, Macabebe, Pampanga OJT

2018-2020
 Camalig Kamayan Seafoods Grill
Junior High: San Vicente-San Francisco High School Dampa Seaside Style, MacArthur
Highway, Apalit, Pampanga
School: San Francisco, Macabebe Pampanga
December 2019
2014-2018
Waitress, Reciever, Cashier, All Around
Elementary: Candelaria Elementary School
 Pampanga College
Macabebe Pampanga
Registrar Office
2008-2014
November 02, 2022 – December 23, 2022
SKILL & QUALIFICATIONS

 Bread and Pastry Production

 Food and Beverage Service CHARACTER REFFERENCES
 Technical Drafting
 Dedicated, power point, excel, word Brngy Capt. Marcus Viray Tolentino
Candelaria Macabebe Pampanga

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I do hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to best of my knowledge and
abilities.
Ruth Abigail P. Cano
Applicant’s signature over printed name

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