SUNDEX PROCESS ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.

 Incorporated in 1982, Sundex Process Engineers Pvt. Ltd.,

are a reputed organization, undertaking projects of
designing and manufacturing for Edible Oil Industry.
 Palm Oil Refinery Plant is demanded for refining palm oil
from several organic or inorganic impurities.
 These refining plant are properly designed by utilizing
superior quantity components under the supervision of our
experts at our well equipped production unit.
 This plant is properly tested on various standards by our
quality controllers.
VISION
 HIGHLIGHTS

 Formally established in 1982

 38 Years of Expertise
 Goodwill in the Market
 Superior Quality Products
 Excellent Services
 Maximum Customer Satisfaction
 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Managing Director Mr. S. K. Gulati

Marketing Mr. Rohan Gulati

Department Mr. Pranav Joshi

Technical Mr. Yagnesh Thanvi

Department Mr. Chhagan Meshram

Process Engineering Mr. Alam Milton

Senior Scientist Dr. Prem Mathimaran

Scientist (R & D) Dr. Anil Ghogre

Mr. Rahul Srivastav

Business Associate
Mr. Zafar Hashmi
 OUR STRENGTHS
We Believe in –

 Strictly adhering to the quality assured

 Process Engineering and Validation of Project
 Scientist Support from reputed institutions across the world
 High Profile Technocrats
 MEMBERSHIP
 The India Iran Chamber of Commerce and Industries Membership No.
3595
 Indo-Arab Chamber of Commerce and Industries Membership No.
2890/IACCI/OM/2002
 Oil Technologists’ Association of India Membership No. OTAI/F/557/79
 The Solvent Extractor’s Association of India Membership No. A-2361
 Federation Of Indian Export Organisations Membership No.
WR/761/2014-2015
 DINCON (Database on Indian Consultants) (Export-Import Bank of
India) Registration No. 001418
 SUNDEX PROCESS ENGINEERS Pvt. Ltd. is an accepted
Engineering organization by “Export Import Bank of India”
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OIL THROUGHTRANS-ESTERIFICATION PROCESS
BY
SUNDEX PROCESS ENGINEERS PRIVATE LIMITED MUMBAI INDIA
 INTRODUCTION TO BIO FUELS

• The term biofuel is used here to mean any liquid fuel made from Plant material that can be used as a
substitute for petroleum-derived fuel.
• Rudolf Diesel firmly believed the utilization of a biomass fuel to be the real future of his engine.
• Biofuels can include relatively familiar ones, such as ethanol made from sugar cane or diesel-like fuel
made from soybean oil, to less familiar fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME) or Fischer-Tropsch liquids
(FTL) made from Lignocellulosic biomass.
• Four main production methods
– Direct use and blending
– Micro emulsions
– Thermal cracking
– Transesterification-Biodiesel was produced in the lab through the transesterification reaction, in
which vegetable oil and waste frying oil were separately reacted with methanol in the presence of an
alkali catalyst (sodium methoxide) to form methyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol.
• This process is usually carried out by heating an excess of the alcohol with vegetable oils under different
reaction conditions in the presence of an inorganic catalyst.
 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS

• This process is usually carried out by heating an excess of the alcohol with vegetable oils under different
reaction conditions in the presence of an inorganic catalyst.
The most commonly used catalysts are alkali hydroxides and alcoholates. Trans esterification is also
possible under acidic conditions, but this process requires higher reaction temperatures.
The trans esterification process consists of four steps:
• 1) Raw material pre–treatment;
• 2) Ethyl ester trans esterification;
• 3) Separation of the ester and glycerol phases; and
• 4) Purification of the ethyl esters.
 TECHNICALITIES
• The first two steps of this procedure require the addition of heat to the oil and
its reacting apparatus, because the waste oil is solid at room temperature.
• Recommended reaction time varies from 1 to 30 hours, and some systems
recommend the reaction take place at room temperature.
• Excess alcohol is normally used to ensure total conversion of the fat or oil to its
esters. Care must be taken to monitor the amount of water and free fatty acids
in the incoming oil orfat.
• If the free fatty acid level or water level is too high it may cause problems
with soap formation and the separation of the glycerin by-product downstream.
• Once the reaction is complete, two major products exist: glycerin and biodiesel.
• The glycerin phase is much more dense than biodiesel phase and the two can be
gravity separated with glycerin simply drawn off the bottom of the settling
vessel.
• In some cases,a centrifuge is used to separate the two materials faster.
 SIGNIFICANCE – WHY BIO DIESEL?

• To encourage more and more use of biofuel as energy source for sustainable development.
• To practice biodiesel production on lab scale for research purpose.
• To understand the chemistry and composition of feedstock materials used the process.
• To Minimize Storage Issues with Stability and Transportation issues with high cost of
delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels.
• To learn about the challenges associated with biodiesel production.
• To minimize ecological problems such as global warming, greenhouse effect,
pollution.
• To boost up a global debate on energy conservation and bringing up new ideas to
produce biofuels.
• Develop design specifications and build a prototype system.
• Encourage Government to Establish regulatory mandates for biofuels use to help
launch biofuel industries & consider direct grants for research, development and
demonstration.
 PROPERTIES STUDIED

Density(g/cm³)-Is the weight per unit volume. Oils that are denser contain more energy.(0.87-0.89)
Viscosity(mm/³s)-Viscosity refers to the thickness of the oil. Viscosity affects injector lubrication.
Cloud point-The temperature at which the biodiesel first turns cloudy is the cloud point. This test is important for
winter fuel. (3-15 C°)
Temperature- It is the optimum temperature at which conversion of fatty acid into biodiesel takes place.
(35-40C°)
Sulphur content- Thepercentage by weight, of sulfur in the fuel Sulfur content is limited by law to
very small percentages for diesel fuel used
Flash point-The flash point temperature of a fuel is the minimum temperature at which the fuel will ignite. (110-130C°)
PH- Normal PH of petro diesel should be between 6-7.
Water content-it is the amount of water present in petro diesel.It should be minimum between (0.02-0.05).
Colour- This is a visual inspection of the finished biodiesel. Water free biodiesel will be clear and will be of
golden yellow colour
Pour point- Melt or pour point refers to the temperature at which the oil in solid form starts to melt or pour.(-3to-8)
 CURRENT STATUS & FUTURE POTENTIAL
• It is a cleaner burning replacement fuel made from renewable sources like new and used
vegetable oils and animal fats.
• It would Encourage Government to Establish regulatory mandates for biofuels use to help
launch biofuel industries & consider direct grants for research, development and
demonstration
• A target of 20% blending of biofuels has been proposed both for biodiesel and bioethanol by
2017.
• A Minimum Support Price (MSP) to be announced for farmers producing nonedible oilseeds
used to produce biodiesel.
• More R & D should be promoted in Research Centers and Universities for evolving better and
efficient biofuel technologies.
• Registration fees and road tax exemptions for vehicles running on biofuels should be done.
• Subsidies in the initial years should be given to promote alternative feedstocks which can
supplement ethanol production for blending requirements.
• One of the Industry named khodiyar briquetteing machines produces biodiesel from
agricultural waste in rajkot.
 MATERIALS AND METHOD

• Biodiesel feedstock include vegetable oils and waste frying oils, which contain triglycerides that are needed to make
biodiesel.
• The use of this raw material can give a solution from an environmental and economic point of view.
• Mainly waste vegetable oil is used for this purpose because it contains high amount of free fatty acids, can be easily
obtained from nearby restaurants, coffee cafe etc at cheaper rate.
• Soybean , castor, sunflower, groundnut, rice bran, cotton oil are the vegetable oil either used or unused one can be
employed to obtainbiodiesel.
MATERIALS & METHOD
PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED
 RESULTS
OIL AMOUNTOF SOLVENT AMOUNTOF CATALYS AMOUNTOF REACTI TEMPERAT CONVERSION CONVERSION
OIL SOLVENT T CATALYST ON TIME UR E %(BIODIESEL) %
(ml) (ml) (gm) (GLYCERI
NE)
Soybean 500 Methanol 100 ml NaOH 3.5 g 9 hrs 50 C 96 % 4%

Corn 500 Methanol 90 ml NaOH 3g 12 hrs 45 C 83% 17 %

Sunflower 500 Methanol 80 ml NaOH 2.5 g 14 hrs 37 C 92 % 8%

Castor 500 Methanol 70 ml NaOH 2g 11 hrs 25 C 80 % 20 %

Groundn 500 Methanol 60 ml KOH 1.5 g 12 hrs 22 C 65 % 30 %

u t

Cotton 500 Methanol 50 ml KOH 1g 24 hrs 20 C 50 % 50 %

Rice bran 500 Methanol 40 ml KOH 0.5 g 30 hrs 10 C 40-35 % 60-65 %

 Yaxis- Pour point °C
Xaxis- biodiesel ml

Y
 RESULTS
• Soybean , sunflower, corn are one the most suitable vegetable oil to be used for the biodiesel
production because its stands with the standard values of petro diesel.
• Maximum yield temperature was at -40 C in soybean
• Low sulphur content was found- cotton
• Optimum pH for process was – 6.8
• Low Water content was found in- corn, soybean, sunflower.
• High viscosity was found in- corn and sunflower.
• Highest cloud point was found in- corn , soybean, castor
• Highest flash point was found in- soybean, sunflower
• Golden yellow colour similar to petro diesel was found in –corn, soybean.
• NaOH as catalyst decreased the reaction hours and it was faster separation as compared to
KOH.
• Longest reaction time was 30hrs in rice bran oil and was lowest & fast in soybean 9hrs.
• Maximum amount of yield of biodiesel was in- soybean 90%
• Maximum amount of glycerin was in – rice bran 60 %.
• Better separation was obtianed through centrifugation as compared to water washing
 CONCLUSION
Environmental Advantages of Bio-Diesel-
No aromatics, Renewable energy.
• The engine emissions are sulphur free and the other exhaust components.
• Presence of oxygen in the molecular composition
• Higher viscosity leads to higher calorific value and biodiesel made from vegetable oils are biodegradable
as compared to petro diesel.
• Better cloud and flash point temperatures are observed in biodiesel made from vegetable oils & enhance
engine performance.
• Density of biodiesel made from Vegetable oils is higher than or eqaul to that of petro diesel and has more
energy therefore can replace the Fossil petro fuels
• Has no harmful emissions.
• Used vegetable oil collected from shops selling fritters can be used to produce biodiesel as it is not a food
source and is mostly thrown away.
• The cost of production of biodiesel is higher than that of conventional fossil fuel. This is due to the fact
that biodiesel is generally produced from refined vegetable oil. The cost of production can be reduced if
low cost feedstock is used such as used cooking oil collected from shops and food industries
• Lower value products are converted into high value products.
• Glycerine produced can further be purified and can be used in cosmetic, preservant chemical industries.
THANK YOU