DYNAMICS

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

 An object at rest will remain at rest unless a resultant force acts on it.
 An object moving with uniform speed will continue it’s uniform motion
unless it is acted upon by resultant force.

Object in Equilibrium
 Resultant force = 0.
 Body at rest / moving with constant speed.

Inertia (mass)
 It is the property of the object to resist any change in its current state of
rest / uniform motion.

Example
When a car travels with x speed every object including the people in the car
are also travelling at the speed of x hence if the driver suddenly applies brakes
the driver himself will be pushed forward due to mass/inertia

Momentum
 Product of mass and velocity
 P = mv
 Direction of momentum = direction of velocity
 Greater mass = greater momentum
 Greater velocity = greater momentum
 Momentum is the of the quantity of motion present in a body
 It is a vector quantity
 Unit = Ns / kgm/s
 Newton 2nd Law of Motion (O levels )
 When a resultant force acts on a rigid object an acceleration is produced
in it in the direction of the resultant force
 Formula = F = ma (F = resultant force)
 The first law follow the second law

Newton 2nd Law of Motion (A levels )

 The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the
resultant force acting on it and it occurs along the direction of force
mv−mu ∆P m( v−u)
 Expression = F ∝ ∆t = F ∝ ∆t = F ∝ ∆t (constant mass)
v (m2−m1)
 =F∝ ∆t (constant velocity)


u = initial velocity
mu = initial momentum

v = final velocity
mv = final momentum

mv – mu = change in momentum
∆ t = time taken for change in
momentum

F = resultant force

Define Force
 Force is defined as the rate of change of momentum