EDSS 111 : COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC PLANNING

GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

Submitted by:
AGUILAR, CHRISTIAN JOSHUA
DIMAS, KEN ERRON
YAGO, DEWFER
VILLAMARSO, JOHN MARK

Submitted to:
SHELAIKA MIA IGLESIA
 Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products,
frequently utilizing assembly line technology. Mass production is typically characterized by
some type of mechanization, as with an assembly line, to achieve high volume, the detailed
organization of materials flow, careful control of quality standards and division of labor.

Mass Production’s Overview

Mass production was popularized in the 1910’s and 1920’s by Henry Ford’s For
Motor Company, which introduced electric motors to the then-well-known technique of chain
or sequential production.

Following are the advantages of Mass Production

1. Higher rate of production with reduced cycle time
2. Higher capacity utilization due to line balancing
3. Less skilled operators are required
4. Low process inventory
5. Manufacturing cost per unit is low

Following are the disadvantages of Mass Production

1. Breakdown of one machine will stop an entire production line
2. Line layout needs major change with the changes in the product design
3. High investment in production facilities
4. The cycle time is determined by the slowest operation

The development of mass production transforme organization of work in three important

ways;
1. Task were minutely subdivided and performed by unskilled workers or atleast semi-
skilled workers.
2. Manufacturing concerns grew to such size that a large hierarchy of supervisors and
managers became necessary.
3. The increasing complexity of operations required employment of a large
management staff oof accountants. Engineers. Chemist, and. Later social
psychologists, in addition to large distribution and sales force/

Effects on the Organization of Work

5 Stages
1. Moving Assembly Line (Ford)
2. Statistical Sampling (Shewark
3. Ecnomic Order Quantity (Harris)
4. Linear Programming (Dantzig)
5. Material Requirements Planning
LESSON VII. B. Machination of Progress

The machinations of progress in globalization and technological advancements are

complex and multifaceted, driven by various interconnected factors:

​ 1. Technology: New technologies like the internet, smartphones, and

automation make it easier for businesses to work globally and for people to
connect across borders.
​
​ 2. Trade Deals: Agreements like NAFTA and the WTO reduce barriers to trade,
allowing goods, services, and money to flow more freely between countries.
​
​ 3. Global Supply Chains: Companies use complex networks of suppliers from
different countries to make products more efficiently and affordably.
​
​ 4. Internet: The internet links people worldwide, making it possible for anyone
to access information, communicate, and do business globally.
​
​ 5. Sharing Cultures: Globalization spreads ideas, languages, and customs
between countries, promoting diversity but also raising concerns about
cultural identity.
​
​ 6. Economic Connections: Nations are increasingly reliant on each other
economically, meaning events in one place can affect others far away.
​
​ 7. Government Rules: Laws and regulations set by governments affect how
easily businesses can operate internationally and how technology is used.
​
​ 8. Social Changes: Globalization and technology affect jobs, income,
education, and healthcare, leading to debates about fairness and equality.
​
​ 9. Environment: Global trade and technology can harm the environment, so
there's a need to find ways to develop sustainably.

In simple terms, globalization and technology are changing how we do business,

connect with others, and live our lives, but they also bring challenges that need to be
addressed for everyone's benefit.

LESSON VII. C. GLOBALIZING TRADE

Globalizing Trade
It refers to the process of expanding business activities beyond domestic borders and
engaging in international trade. It involves importing and exporting goods and services,
establishing international partnerships, and participating in global supply chains.

Benefits of Globalizing Trade

Includes increased market access, economies of scale, access to resources and talent,
diversification of risk, and the potential for higher profits. Globalizing trade can also foster
innovation and knowledge transfer across borders.

Role of Technological Advancements in facilitating Globalizing Trade

Technology has made communication and transportation faster and more efficient, enabling
businesses to connect with customers and partners worldwide. E-commerce platforms,
digital payment systems, and logistics technologies have made it easier to conduct
international trade.

Trade Agreements and Policies

Agreements such as free trade agreements and regional trade blocs, help reduce barriers to
trade, such as tariffs and quotas. They create a more predictable and stable environment for
businesses to engage in cross-border trade.

Global Supply Chains

Modern supply chains are complex networks that span multiple countries and involve various
stages of production. Global supply chains allow businesses to source inputs from different
countries, take advantage of cost efficiencies, and deliver products to customers around the
world.

Challenges and Risks

Includes cultural and language barriers, legal and regulatory complexities, political instability,
currency fluctuations, and trade disputes. It's important for businesses to carefully navigate
these challenges and mitigate risks.

Sustainable and Inclusive Trade

Includes considering environmental and social impacts, supporting fair labor practices, and
ensuring that the benefits of globalizing trade are shared equitably among different
stakeholders.

LESSON VII. D. THE SHIFT FROM INDUSTRIAL AGE TO COMPUTER REVOLUTION

Transformation of Global Trade

The computer revolution has transformed global trade by enabling faster and more efficient
communication, collaboration, and transactions across borders. It has facilitated the growth
of e-commerce, digital platforms, and global supply chains.

Global Connectivity
The computer revolution has connected people from different parts of the world like never
before. Through the internet and digital technologies, individuals can communicate, share
information, and collaborate globally, breaking down geographical barriers.

Emergence of the Global Digital Economy

The computer revolution has given rise to a global digital economy, where goods, services,
and information can be exchanged digitally across borders. This has created new
opportunities for businesses to expand their reach and access global markets.

Technological Innovation and Collaboration

The computer revolution has fostered technological innovation and collaboration on a global
scale. Through the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and expertise, individuals and
organizations can work together to develop and advance technologies that drive
globalization.

Impact on Labor and Workforce

The computer revolution has transformed the nature of work and the global labor market.
Automation and digital technologies have led to the displacement of certain jobs while
creating new opportunities in emerging fields. The global workforce has had to adapt to
these changes.