ENGINEERING

Grading
Final grades will be determined as follows :

ACTIVITIES PERCENTAGES

Test 1 27 %
Test 2 28 %
Participating 5%
Final Exam 40 %
 Interaction Rules of Behavior
• Interaction rules outline the expected sets of behavior between
engineers, other individuals, and
v
society as a whole.
• These interactions go both ways
• Engineers have obligations to society
To be honest, unbiased, hardworking, and careful.
• Society has obligations to the engineers
Pay for work performed.
Protect intellectual property
 Interaction Rules of Behavior

• Etiquette
• Laws
• Morals
• Ethics
 Interaction Rules of Behavior

• Etiquette
• Laws
• Morals
• Ethics
 Interaction Rules of Behavior

• Etiquette
• Laws
• Morals
• Ethics
 Interaction Rules of Behavior

• Etiquette ‫آداب‬
• Laws ‫القوانين‬
• Morals ‫األخالق‬
• Ethics ‫قواعد األخالق‬
 Etiquette
• Rules of acceptable personal behavior and courtesy
• easy when interacting with others in a social setting.
• Table manner, dress codes, seating arrangements, party
manner
• Violation doesn’t cause jail term, but can hurt
professionalism
 Laws
• a system of rules and punishments clearly defined and
established by a society to maintain a safe and orderly
social environment.
• Established by authority, society, or custom
• Violations carry penalties
• Could be arbitrary, such as drinking age, driving age
• Legal rights are “just claims” given to all human within a
government jurisdiction, and/or by constitution
 Morals
• Personal rules of right and wrong behavior derived from a person’s
upbringing, religious beliefs, and societal influences.
• Morals are accepted standards of right and wrong that are
usually applied to personal behavior.
• Moral standards are derived from religion, parents, friends, and
media.
• There is agreement on many standard moral standards among
different societies, such as murder and stealing.
• Other moral standards are not universal, such as gambling and
alcohol drinking.
 Ethics
• A code or system of rules defining moral behavior for a particular
society.
• moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of
v
an activity. Professional ethics guide the conduct of a professional.
• The study of the characteristics of morals.
• The term is derived from the Greek word ethos which can mean custom,
habit, character or disposition.
• Ethics and morals are different:
ethics refer to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes
of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions.
Morals refer to an individual's own principles regarding right
and wrong
Ethics and religion
v
• Some people’s ethics are based in religion (however, nominally
religious people are ethical but may not be ethical).
• Persons who are ethical don’t have to be religious.
What is morality?

The term morality concerns with

(a) what ought or ought not to be done in a given situation,
(b) (b) what is right or wrong in handling it,
(c) (c)what is good or bad about the persons, policies and principles involved in it.

Common Morality
The set of moral ideals shared by most members of a culture or society based historically on
religion and culture

Personal Morality
The set of moral ideals established on an individual basis, which are usually acquired in early home or
religious training, and are often modified by later reflection such as
willingness to give resources, help or time to others.
Honesty: being truthful and sincere.
Integrity: sticking to your moral and ethical principles and values.
Kindness: being considerate and treating others well.

Professional Morality
The set of moral ideals and standards established by a group of professionals as related to the
practice of their profession
Comparison of Interaction Rules
( Laws , Mortals , Etiquette and Ethics )
• A complex web of interactions rules govern our behavior.
• In some cases all the interaction
v rules agree. Murder is illegal,
immoral, unethical, and bad etiquette. However, there are cases when
there is a conflict between the interaction rules.
• The legal system has not considered a situation.
• Enclosing some moral standards into law would be un-enforceable.
• Laws must be neutral and treat everyone the same.
• Laws must govern observable behavior.
 Ethics and Law
• Law – the authority is external
• Ethics – the authority is internal

• Much of law, but not all, is based in morality

• Sometimes law is unethical
• Much of what is ethical is unaddressed by legal rules
Ethics, Morals, and the Law
Classification of Actions:
Unethical
Ethical

Legal Illegal

Unethical but Ethical but Illegal

Legal
Engineering Ethics
• Rules and standards governing conduct of engineers.
v

• A body of profession indicating ways that engineers should conduct

themselves in their professional capacity.

• Allows individuals to accommodate their own personal values to some

extent. One can refuse services if it violates personal values.
• Focuses on behavior not an intent or motivation.
• It also aims at knowing moral values related to engineering and finding
accurate solution.
 Why study Engineering ethics?

• When students enter the professional world, they will be expected to follow an explicit or
implicit ethical code
• Achieved great attention and led engineers to gain an increased sense of professional
responsibilities
• Led to an awareness of the importance of ethics, how engineers have far reaching impact
on society.
• To responsibly confront moral issues.
• How to deal with ethical dilemmas in their professional lives?
What are the objectives of Engineering Ethics.

(a) The study of the characteristics of morals.

(b) The study of the moral choices made by each person in his or her relationship with other
persons.
 Personal vs. Professional Ethics
• Personal ethics deal with how we treat others in our day-to-day lives.
• Professional (business) ethics often involves choices on an organizational
level rather than a personal level.

Ethical cases can go far beyond issues of public safety and may involve
bribery, fraud , environmental protection, fairness, honesty in
research and conflicts of interest.
 Professional Ethics and Law

• There is a moral duty to obey the law (with some cautions)

• Professional ethics covers more issues than the law
• One can be unethical without behaving illegally
• Rare – ethically must resist the law
 Professional Ethics and Law
Be very careful not to embark in an exercise in ethical analysis
when there is a clear legal rule in the situation that undermines
the entire process of ethical analysis.

Be very careful not to assume that there is a legal rule for every
situation. Often the gaps between legal rules require one to
switch to an ethical analysis.