Chapter 4B

Superposition
In short:
University of Bahrain
The state (stress,strain,deflection) from a force 5kN equals the state of 3kN
College of Eng. PLUS the state of 2kN. (Why?) Because Linear Systems
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM _
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Saint Venant Prncpl
• Elastic Deformation
• Superposition
• Indeterminate Str.
Book:
Mechanics of Materials
Hibbeler 9thed.
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 16

Statically Indeterminate Structures
WARNING!
University of Bahrain Important Topic! You will face this again and again during your studies!
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Determinate Structures = Solvable Structures using Equilibrium
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
P FA P
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh A B
Free body diagram
Table of Contents:
• Title F x  0  FA  P  0
• Superposition
Indeterminate Structures = Equilibrium is not enough.

_
Book: A C P B FA P FB
Hibbeler 9thed. Free body diagram
LAC LCB
F x  0  FA  FB  P  0 FA  FB   P
L
 Two unknown and one equation !!!
𝑭𝑨 A C P B 𝑭𝑩
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course: LAC LCB

CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh L
Table of Contents: Lets Understand Some Things (About this Example):

• Title
• Saint Venant Prncpl • What is / ?
• Superposition • ZERO  No Movement
• Indeterminate Str. • What is the P force inside AC and CB?
• (Tension)
• (Compression)
• What is the of AC and CB?
Book:
Mechanics of Materials • (Elongation)
Hibbeler 9thed.
• (Contraction)
• Remember? Total Change in Length is ZERO
• So: / = 0 = +
𝑭𝑨 A C P B 𝑭𝑩
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course: LAC LCB

CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh L
Table of Contents: So: our two equations are:

• Title
• Saint Venant Prncpl • From Statics:
• Superposition
• FYI: I am called
• Indeterminate Str. • So: / = 0 = + the Compatibility
Equation
•
Book:  LBC   LAC 

Mechanics of Materials FA   P   FB   P  
Hibbeler 9thed.
 L   L 

Procedure for analysis
1. Draw free body diagram
College of Eng. 2. Write the equilibrium equation
Civil Eng. Dept.
3. Express compatibility conditions in terms of displacements
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM caused by forces
Instructor:
4. Use load-displacement relations (δ=PL/AE) to relate unknown
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh displacements to reactions
Table of Contents: 5. Solve the equations and find the support reactions.
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

Example: The steel rod shown in Figure has a diameter of 10 mm. It is
fixed to the wall at A, and before it is loaded, there is a gap of 0.2 mm
College of Eng. between the wall at B’ and the rod. Determine the reactions at A and
Civil Eng. Dept.
if the rod is subjected to an axial force of P=20 kN as shown. (E=200
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM GPa)
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

_
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

_
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

Force Method for Axially Loaded Members:
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

Procedure for Analysis
University of Bahrain Choose one of the supports as redundant and release it then calculate
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
δP
FAC
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
1 1 F y 0 FCB F y 0
P FAC  P  0 FCB  0
Table of Contents:
• Title FAC  P
• Elastic Deformation 2 2
• Superposition B
• Indeterminate Str. δP
FCB  LCB F AC  L AC 0  LCB FAC  L AC P  L AC

Book: P   P   
Mechanics of Materials A E A E A E A E A E
Hibbeler 9thed.

University of Bahrain Apply only redundant support reaction to the bar removing all other
College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
forces and then calculate δB
FAB
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
F
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 0
1
y
FAB  L  FB  L
Table of Contents:
1
FAB  FB  0 B  
• Title A E A E
• Saint Venant Prncpl FAB   FB
• Superposition
• Indeterminate Str. FB
Substitute δB and δP in the compatibility equation, FB is obtained as:

Book:
P  LAC  FB  L P  LAC
Hibbeler 9thed.
P  B   0 FB 
A E A E L

College of Eng.
Using the equilibrium equation, FA is obtained as:
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
F y  0  FA  FB  P  0
Instructor: • FB was calculated as:

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
P  LAC
Table of Contents: FB 
• Title L
• Elastic Deformation • Substituting FB in the above equation FA is obtained as:
• Superposition
P  LAC P  LAB
FA  P FA 
L L
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

Example: The steel rod shown in Figure has a diameter of 10 mm. It is fixed to
the wall at A, and before it is loaded, there is a gap of 0.2 mm between the
College of Eng.
wall at B’ and the rod. Determine the reactions at A and if the rod is subjected
Civil Eng. Dept. to an axial force of P=20 kN as shown. (E=200 GPa) (Solve using Force Method)
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

College of Eng.
Civil Eng. Dept.
Course:
CENG 212 - MoM
Instructor:
Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh
Table of Contents:
• Title
• Superposition
Book:
Hibbeler 9thed.

Chapter 4B

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Chapter 4B

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Superposition

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 16

Indeterminate Structures = Equilibrium is not enough.

Course: LAC LCB

Table of Contents: Lets Understand Some Things (About this Example):

Course: LAC LCB

Table of Contents: So: our two equations are:

Book:  LBC   LAC 

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 19

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 20

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 21

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 22

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 23

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 24

FCB  LCB F AC  L AC 0  LCB FAC  L AC P  L AC

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 25

Substitute δB and δP in the compatibility equation, FB is obtained as:

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 26

Instructor: • FB was calculated as:

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 27

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 28

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 29

Dr. Mahmoud Jahjouh 30

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