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  • 1.6 Overall Anatomy of The VNS

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    Kamin Kain Siriwatwetchakul
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    The document provides an overview of the vegetative nervous system, also known as the autonomic nervous system. It controls bodily functions involuntarily like digestion, urination, and heart rate. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which often work in opposition to activate the fight-or-flight response or rest-and-digest response. On a molecular level, the sympathetic system uses norepinephrine while the parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine, though they connect via ganglia. Anatomically, the systems form two parallel chains and receive input from cranial and sacral spinal cord nuclei to innervate organs.

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    1.6 Overall Anatomy of the VNS (1)

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    The document provides an overview of the vegetative nervous system, also known as the autonomic nervous system. It controls bodily functions involuntarily like digestion, urination, and heart rate. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which often work in opposition to activate the fight-or-flight response or rest-and-digest response. On a molecular level, the sympathetic system uses norepinephrine while the parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine, though they connect via ganglia. Anatomically, the systems form two parallel chains and receive input from cranial and sacral spinal cord nuclei to innervate organs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    2 views39 pages

    1.6 Overall Anatomy of The VNS

    Uploaded by

    Kamin Kain Siriwatwetchakul
    The document provides an overview of the vegetative nervous system, also known as the autonomic nervous system. It controls bodily functions involuntarily like digestion, urination, and heart rate. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which often work in opposition to activate the fight-or-flight response or rest-and-digest response. On a molecular level, the sympathetic system uses norepinephrine while the parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine, though they connect via ganglia. Anatomically, the systems form two parallel chains and receive input from cranial and sacral spinal cord nuclei to innervate organs.

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    of 39

    CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN

    THE VEGETATIVE
    NERVOUS SYSTEM

    Ivana Galinovic, MD MSc


    Center for Stroke Research Berlin October 2012
    OUTLINE

    When things go right


    - the origin of the name
    - overall function
    - general division
    - deeper into function
    - anatomy: molecular level
    - anatomy: macro level
    OUTLINE

    When things go wrong


    - dysautonomia
    - vasovagal syncope
    - pure autonomic failure
    - Horner’s syndrome
    - damage to the nervus vagus
    OUTLINE

    When things go wrong


    - dysautonomia
    - vasovagal syncope
    - pure autonomic failure
    - Horner’s syndrome
    - damage to the nervus vagus

    AFTER-BREAK SESSION
    IT’S ALWAYS GOOD TO START
    BY GETTING THE OVERALL PICTURE...
    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of plants or their growth


    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of plants or their growth

    2. Biology
    a. Of, relating to, or capable of growth
    b. Of, relating to, or functioning in processes such as growth or
    nutrition rather than sexual reproduction
    c. Of or relating to asexual reproduction, such as fission or budding
    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of plants or their growth

    2. Biology
    a. Of, relating to, or capable of growth
    b. Of, relating to, or functioning in processes such as growth or
    nutrition rather than sexual reproduction
    c. Of or relating to asexual reproduction, such as fission or budding

    3. Spending much time sitting or lying down; physically inactive


    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of plants or their growth

    2. Biology
    a. Of, relating to, or capable of growth
    b. Of, relating to, or functioning in processes such as growth or
    nutrition rather than sexual reproduction
    c. Of or relating to asexual reproduction, such as fission or budding

    3. Spending much time sitting or lying down; physically inactive

    4. Medicine
    Of or relating to an impaired level of brain function in which a
    person responds to certain sensory stimuli but demonstrates no
    cognitive function
    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    The reasons are historical and rather “midevial”, but it happens to also go
    by another name which makes a lot more sense:

    the autonomic nervous system!


    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?
    WHY DO WE CALL IT
    THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?

    http://www.janetcropper.com/2011/02/out-of-my-control.html
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?

    http:// bjsm.bmj.com/content/40/4/e10.abstract
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?

    http://www.davidcerny.cz/
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?

    Fresco of Priapus, Pompeii (IT)


    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapus
    SO WE DON’T CONTROL IT
    WHAT DOES IT CONTROL THEN?

    David Cerny, Prague (CZ) http:// www.davidcerny.cz/


    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    THE GENERAL DIVISION

    Sympathicus vs Parasympathicus
    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    THE GENERAL DIVISION

    Sympathicus vs Parasympathicus

    OR

    “Fight or Flight” vs “Rest & Digest”


    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    THE GENERAL DIVISION

    Sympathicus OR “Fight/ Flight”


    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    THE GENERAL DIVISION

    Parasympathicus OR “Rest & Digest”


    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    DEEPER INTO FUNCTION

    Sometimes there is cooperation:

    Salivation
    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    DEEPER INTO FUNCTION

    Sometimes there is open competition:

    Digestion
    Urination
    Pupillary dilation / constriction
    Heart rate
    IT ISN’T JUST “ONE” SYSTEM:
    DEEPER INTO FUNCTION

    And sometimes there is neither:

    Blood vessels
    Sweat glands
    (lacrimal glands)
    ANATOMY
    MOLECULAR LEVEL

    First step:
    the same neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine ACh)

    Second step:
    parasympathicus keeps Ach
    sympathicus goes with Noradrenaline (NA)
    ANATOMY
    MOLECULAR LEVEL

    Sympathicus:
    short presynaptic – long postsynaptic

    Parasympathicus:
    long presynaptic – short postsynaptic
    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL

    The two systems are however connected!


    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL
    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL

    Two parallel chains of ganglia (sympathetic trunk)


    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL
    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL
    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL

    Long nerves coming out of the cranial nuclei III, VII, IX & X
    + parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord!
    ANATOMY
    MACRO LEVEL
    ANATOMY
    SUMMARY
    THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

    ivana.galinovic@charite.de

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