GENERAL

GENERAL
BIOLOGY
Lesson No. 5
2
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NERVOUS OF
PLANT
SYSTEMAND
ANIMAL
S
S
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REPORTERS
Garcia, Melvic John
Sicat, Rajan Amiel
Sumagpang, Guian Paul
Magbago, Christian
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NERVOUS OF
PLANT
SYSTEMAND
ANIMAL
S
S
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I INTRODUCTIO
N

WHAT IS A NERVOUS
SYSTEM?

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

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I INTRODUCTIO
N
WHAT IS A NERVOUS SYSTEM?

The nervous system is a remarkable and

intricate network of specialized cells and tissues
that plays a crucial role in the functioning of
living organisms.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

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I INTRODUCTIO
N
WHAT IS A NERVOUS SYSTEM?
It serves as the command center,
coordinating and regulating various
physiological processes, responses to
stimuli, and behaviors.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

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NERVOUS OF
PLANT
SYSTEMAND
ANIMAL
S
S
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II NERVOUS SYSTEM OF ANIMALS
A. DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN
ANIMALS

B. COMPONENTS OF THE ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

C. NEURONS

D. ANIMAL SENSORY SYSTEM

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

A. DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN
ANIMALS

The nervous system is a complex

network of specialized cells, called
neurons, that work together to
receive, process, and transmit
information in animals.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

B. COMPONENTS OF THE ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

B. COMPONENTS OF THE ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Central Nervous System (CNS):

a. Brain: The brain is the central processing unit of the nervous

system. It receives sensory information, processes it, and
generates appropriate responses.

b. Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of

nerve tissue that extends from the brain. It serves as a pathway for
transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

B. COMPONENTS OF THE ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

a. Nerves: Nerves are bundles of specialized cells called neurons

that carry information between the central nervous system and
various parts of the body.

b. Ganglia: Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies located

outside the CNS. They are involved in processing and integrating
sensory information before it is transmitted to the CNS.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

C. NEURONS

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

C. NEURONS
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals called nerve
impulses. They consist of three main parts:
a. Cell Body (Soma): The cell body contains the nucleus and other
organelles essential for the neuron's metabolic functions.
b. Dendrites: Dendrites are branching extensions that receive incoming
signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.
c. Axon: The axon is a long, slender projection that carries nerve
impulses away from the cell body and transmits them to other neurons
or target cells. The end of the axon branches out into structures called
axon terminals.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

C. NEURONS

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

D. ANIMAL SENSORY SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

D. ANIMAL SENSORY SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

VOLUNTARY VS.
INVOLUNTARY
MOVEMENTS

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

NERVOUS
VOLUNTARY VS.SYSTEM:
INVOLUNTARY
PLANTS
MOVEMENTS

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM:
VOLUNTARY VS.
PLANTS
INVOLUNTARY
MOVEMENTS

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

 NERVOUS SYSTEM:
E.
PLANTS
ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

Plants do not possess a centralized

nervous system like animals. Instead,
VOLUNTARY VS.
they have a decentralized system of
INVOLUNTARY
communication and coordination known
MOVEMENTS
as the plant signaling or plant
communication network.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

Perception of light and phototropism: Plants have

VOLUNTARY
photoreceptor proteins, such asVS.
phytochromes and
phototropism, that enable them to detect light. Phototropism
is the INVOLUNTARY
process by which plants grow towards or away from
light sources, allowingMOVEMENTS
them to optimize photosynthesis and
maximize their exposure to light.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

EXAMPLE OF PHOTOTROPISM:
 Chemical sensing and responses:
E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM
Plants can sense and respond to various
chemicals in their environment. They can detect
the presence of specific molecules, such as
VOLUNTARY
nutrients VS. released by
or signaling compounds
neighboring plants or pests. Chemical sensing
INVOLUNTARY
helps plants adapt their growth, defense
mechanisms, and MOVEMENTS
reproductive strategies.

NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS

ROLE OF HORMONES IN PLANT
RESPONSES:
E. ANIMAL MOTOR SYSTEM

Auxins
Gibberellins
VOLUNTARY VS.
Cytokinins
INVOLUNTARY
Abscisic acid
MOVEMENTS
Ethylene
NERVOUS SYSTEMOF PLANTSAND ANIMALS
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IV

NERVOUS OF
PLANT
SYSTEMAND
ANIMAL
S
S
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IV COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Structure and Organization:

Animals: Animals possess a centralized nervous system, which consists of a

brain and a network of nerves that extend throughout their bodies. The brain
serves as the control center, receiving and processing information from
sensory organs and coordinating responses.
Plants: Plants lack a centralized nervous system. Instead, they have a
decentralized network of cells that can transmit electrical and chemical
signals. Specialized plant cells called "plant neurons" have been identified,
but their functions and organization are not as well-defined as animal
neurons.
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IV COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Sensory Perception:

Animals: Animals have a wide array of sensory organs that allow them to
perceive their environment. They can detect various stimuli, including light,
sound, touch, temperature, and chemicals. These sensory inputs are
transmitted to the brain, where they are interpreted and integrated to generate
appropriate responses.
Plants: Plants have limited sensory perception compared to animals. They can
detect certain stimuli, such as light and gravity, through specialized cells and
structures. For example, photoreceptors enable plants to sense light and
regulate growth and development accordingly. However, their ability to
perceive and respond to other stimuli is less pronounced.
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IV COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Sensory Perception:

Animals: Animals have a wide array of sensory organs that allow them to
perceive their environment. They can detect various stimuli, including light,
sound, touch, temperature, and chemicals. These sensory inputs are
transmitted to the brain, where they are interpreted and integrated to
generate appropriate responses.
Plants: Plants have limited sensory perception compared to animals. They
can detect certain stimuli, such as light and gravity, through specialized
cells and structures. For example, photoreceptors enable plants to sense
light and regulate growth and development accordingly. However, their
ability to perceive and respond to other stimuli is less pronounced.
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IV COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Responses and Behavior:

Animals: The complexity of the animal nervous system enables a wide range
of responses and behaviors. Animals can exhibit voluntary movements,
learn from experiences, and display intricate social behaviors.

Plants: Plant responses are typically slower and more limited compared to
animals. They can exhibit tropisms (growth responses) towards stimuli, such
as bending towards light or gravity..
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NERVOUS OF
PLANT
SYSTEMAND
ANIMAL
S
S
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V CONCLUSION

In summary, animals possess complex and centralized nervous systems that allow for
rapid communication, sensory perception, and intricate behaviors. In contrast, plants
have a decentralized and less specialized system that enables basic responses to
environmental stimuli, but lacks the complexity and versatility found in animal
nervous systems.