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Reading Strategies & Skills

Mini Anchor Charts


Includes 13 Mini Anchor Charts to help teach these reading
skills and strategies:
 Plot Structure
 Main Idea
 Summary
 Theme
 Characterization
 Point of View
 Author’s Purpose
 Inference
 Cause & Effect
 Formulating Questions
 Making Predictions
 Fact & Opinion
 Making Connections

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Teacher Tips
• Give your students these mini anchor charts to glue in their reading
journals to remember some of the different components of reading
comprehension.

• I suggest making each student a copy and as you introduce each


comprehension component, your students can add a mini anchor
chart to their reading journal.

• Consider spending a few days discussing each comprehension


component before introducing the next one.

• Encourage students to go back in their journals to reference the mini


anchor charts if they are confused about the comprehension
components and the role they play in their independent reading.

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Plot Structure Plot Structure


Plot = what happens in a story. Plot = what happens in a story.
Structure = the way the story is written Structure = the way the story is written
All stories tend follow the same plot structure. All stories tend follow the same plot structure.
This structure is sometimes known as a story This structure is sometimes known as a story
mountain. mountain.
Climax Climax

Story Story
Mountain Mountain

Problem Resolution Problem Resolution


Hook Hook

The hook is the introduction. This is where the The hook is the introduction. This is where the
Hook author will introduce the characters and setting Hook author will introduce the characters and setting
of the story. of the story.
The problem or conflict is what the story will The problem or conflict is what the story will
Problem mostly be about. The author usually introduces Problem mostly be about. The author usually introduces
the problem early in the story. the problem early in the story.
The rising action are the 2-3 events that help The rising action are the 2-3 events that help
Rising the reader understand the problem or conflict Rising the reader understand the problem or conflict
Action going on in the story. Action going on in the story.
The climax is the most exciting part of the story. The climax is the most exciting part of the story.
Climax It is usually the big event that you won’t forget. Climax It is usually the big event that you won’t forget.
The falling action are the 1-2 events that happen The falling action are the 1-2 events that happen
Falling after the climax. These events lead up to the Falling after the climax. These events lead up to the
Action solution of the problem. Action solution of the problem.
The resolution usually happens at the end. This The resolution usually happens at the end. This
Resolution is where the main problem or conflict gets Resolution is where the main problem or conflict gets
solved. solved.

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Plot Structure Plot Structure


Plot = what happens in a story. Plot = what happens in a story.
Structure = the way the story is written Structure = the way the story is written
All stories tend follow the same plot structure. All stories tend follow the same plot structure.
This structure is sometimes known as a story This structure is sometimes known as a story
mountain. mountain.
Climax Climax

Story Story
Mountain Mountain

Problem Resolution Problem Resolution


Hook Hook

Hook Hook

Problem Problem

Rising Rising
Action Action

Climax Climax

Falling Falling
Action Action

Resolution Resolution

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Main Idea
The Main Idea is what the entire text is mostly
Main Idea
The Main Idea is what the entire text is mostly
about. The details included in the text will about. The details included in the text will
connect back to the main idea. connect back to the main idea.

You can: You can:


• Write the main idea in 1-2 sentences. • Write the main idea in 1-2 sentences.
• Write a main idea for an entire text, a • Write a main idea for an entire text, a
paragraph, or a chapter. paragraph, or a chapter.
• Write the main idea for non-fiction or • Write the main idea for non-fiction or
fictional texts fictional texts

Ice cream is the best summer treat.


Ice cream is the best summer treat.

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


Ice cream is cold, and it refreshes you Ice cream is cold, and it refreshes you
on a hot summer day. on a hot summer day.

Main idea:
Main idea:

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


There are so many different types of There are so many different types of
ice cream, everyone can find a treat ice cream, everyone can find a treat
they enjoy. they enjoy.

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


You can eat ice cream on a stick or in You can eat ice cream on a stick or in
a cone, so it is a really easy treat to a cone, so it is a really easy treat to
take with you on a busy summer day. take with you on a busy summer day.

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Main Idea
The Main Idea is what the entire text is mostly
Main Idea
The Main Idea is what the entire text is mostly
about. The details included in the text will about. The details included in the text will
connect back to the main idea. connect back to the main idea.

You can: You can:


• Write the main idea in 1-2 sentences. • Write the main idea in 1-2 sentences.
• Write a main idea for an entire text, a • Write a main idea for an entire text, a
paragraph, or a chapter. paragraph, or a chapter.
• Write the main idea for non-fiction or • Write the main idea for non-fiction or
fictional texts fictional texts

Ice cream is the best summer treat.


Ice cream is the best summer treat.

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


Ice cream is cold, and it refreshes you Ice cream is cold, and it refreshes you
on a hot summer day on a hot summer day.
.

Main idea:
Main idea:

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


There are so many different types of There are so many different types of
ice cream, everyone can find a treat ice cream, everyone can find a treat
they enjoy. they enjoy.

Supporting Detail: Supporting Detail:


You can eat ice cream on a stick or in You can eat ice cream on a stick or in
a cone, so it is a really easy treat to a cone, so it is a really easy treat to
take with you on a busy summer day. take with you on a busy summer day.

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Summary
A summary is a shortened version of the story.
Summary
A summary is a shortened version of the story.
It retells all the important parts of the story. It retells all the important parts of the story.

A Summary: A Summary:
• is told in sequence • is told in sequence
• can include the main idea, supporting • can include the main idea, supporting
details, and theme of the story details, and theme of the story
• can be written in 3-5 sentences • can be written in 3-5 sentences

To help write a summary think: To help write a summary think:

B B
-Who are the characters? -Who are the characters?
-What is the setting? -What is the setting?
-What is the problem? -What is the problem?
Beginning Beginning

M M
-What events happen to the -What events happen to the
characters? characters?
-What is the climax of the -What is the climax of the
story? story?
Middle Middle

E E
-How is the problem resolved? -How is the problem resolved?
-How have the characters -How have the characters
changed? changed?
End End

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Summary
A summary is a shortened version of the story.
Summary
A summary is a shortened version of the story.
It retells all the important parts of the story. It retells all the important parts of the story.

A Summary: A Summary:
• is told in sequence • is told in sequence
• can include the main idea, supporting • can include the main idea, supporting
details, and theme of the story details, and theme of the story
• can be written in 3-5 sentences • can be written in 3-5 sentences

To help write a summary think: To help write a summary think:

B
Beginning
B
Beginning

MMiddle
MMiddle

EEnd
EEnd

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Theme
The theme is the “BIG IDEA” or the lesson the
Theme
The theme is the “BIG IDEA” or the lesson the
author wants you to take away after reading author wants you to take away after reading
the story. the story.
To help you identify the theme you can ask To help you identify the theme you can ask
yourself these questions after reading a story. yourself these questions after reading a story.

1. What was the problem or issue in the 1. What was the problem or issue in the
story? story?
2. What did the characters learn? 2. What did the characters learn?
3. How did the characters feelings or 3. How did the characters feelings or
actions change in the story? actions change in the story?
Unlike the summary and main idea of a story, themes Unlike the summary and main idea of a story, themes
are general and could apply to multiple stories. are general and could apply to multiple stories.

Common Themes Common Themes


Friendship Family Jealousy Friendship Family Jealousy

Love Hard Work Acceptance Love Hard Work Acceptance

Overcoming Challenges Courage Overcoming Challenges Courage

Loyalty Respect Team Work Loyalty Respect Team Work

Self Confidence Hope Honesty Self Confidence Hope Honesty

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Theme
The theme is the “BIG IDEA” or the lesson the
Theme
The theme is the “BIG IDEA” or the lesson the
author wants you to take away after reading author wants you to take away after reading
the story. the story.
To help you identify the theme you can ask To help you identify the theme you can ask
yourself these questions after reading a story. yourself these questions after reading a story.

1. What was the problem or issue in the 1. What was the problem or issue in the
story? story?
2. What did the characters learn? 2. What did the characters learn?
3. How did the characters feelings or 3. How did the characters feelings or
actions change in the story? actions change in the story?
Unlike the summary and main idea of a story, themes Unlike the summary and main idea of a story, themes
are general and could apply to multiple stories. are general and could apply to multiple stories.

Common Themes Common Themes


Friendship Family Jealousy Friendship Family Jealousy

Love Hard Work Acceptance Love Hard Work Acceptance

Overcoming Challenges Courage Overcoming Challenges Courage

Loyalty Respect Team Work Loyalty Respect Team Work

Self Confidence Hope Honesty Self Confidence Hope Honesty

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Character Character
Feelings &Traits Feelings &Traits
The characters you read about in stories have The characters you read about in stories have
feelings and personality traits just like you. feelings and personality traits just like you.

Character Feelings Character Feelings


Character’s feelings are the emotions they have Character’s feelings are the emotions they have
in response to a specific situation. They can in response to a specific situation. They can
change over time. change over time.

VS. VS.
Character Traits Character Traits
Character’s traits are the part of their Character’s traits are the part of their
personality that is consistent over time. Traits personality that is consistent over time. Traits
don’t change as quickly as feelings. don’t change as quickly as feelings.

Character Feelings Character Traits Character Feelings Character Traits


happy kind happy kind
sad generous sad generous
angry shy angry shy
upset rude upset rude
scared respectful scared respectful
jealous principled jealous principled

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Character Character
Feelings &Traits Feelings &Traits
The characters you read about in stories have The characters you read about in stories have
feelings and personality traits just like you. feelings and personality traits just like you.

Character Feelings Character Feelings


Character’s feelings are the emotions they have Character’s feelings are the emotions they have
in response to a specific situation. They can in response to a specific situation. They can
change over time. change over time.

VS. VS.
Character Traits Character Traits
Character’s traits are the part of their Character’s traits are the part of their
personality that is consistent over time. Traits personality that is consistent over time. Traits
don’t change as quickly as feelings. don’t change as quickly as feelings.

Character Feelings Character Traits Character Feelings Character Traits


happy kind happy kind
sad generous sad generous
angry shy angry shy
upset rude upset rude
scared respectful scared respectful
jealous principled jealous principled

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Point of View Point of View


The Point of View tells us who is telling the story. The Point of View tells us who is telling the story.

1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person
The story is The narrator The story is The story is The narrator The story is
told by one of will talk to the told by the told by one of will talk to the told by the
the reader as if narrator who the reader as if narrator who
characters in they are is NOT a characters in they are is NOT a
the story. having a character in the story. having a character in
conversation. the story. conversation. the story.
The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator
will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to
themselves the readers characters by themselves the readers characters by
as “I”. as “you”. name or with as “I”. as “you”. name or with
the words he, the words he,
she, they. she, they.

3rd person can be: 3rd person can be:


Limited Omniscient Limited Omniscient
The narrator knows The narrator knows The narrator knows The narrator knows
only the thoughts the thoughts and only the thoughts the thoughts and
and feelings of one feelings of all the and feelings of one feelings of all the
person. characters. person. characters.

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Point of View Point of View


The Point of View tells us who is telling the story. The Point of View tells us who is telling the story.

1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person
The story is The narrator The story is The story is The narrator The story is
told by one of will talk to the told by the told by one of will talk to the told by the
the reader as if narrator who the reader as if narrator who
characters in they are is NOT a characters in they are is NOT a
the story. having a character in the story. having a character in
conversation. the story. conversation. the story.
The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator The narrator
will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to will refer to
themselves the readers characters by themselves the readers characters by
as “I”. as “you”. name or with as “I”. as “you”. name or with
the words he, the words he,
she, they. she, they.

3rd person can be: 3rd person can be:


Limited Omniscient Limited Omniscient
The narrator knows The narrator knows The narrator knows The narrator knows
only the thoughts the thoughts and only the thoughts the thoughts and
and feelings of one feelings of all the and feelings of one feelings of all the
person. characters. person. characters.

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Author’s Author’s
Purpose Purpose
Author’s Purpose is as easy as PIE. Author’s Purpose is as easy as PIE.

Authors write for a variety of reasons. Their Authors write for a variety of reasons. Their
purpose for writing will have an impact on the purpose for writing will have an impact on the
genre they write. genre they write.
The author wants to persuade The author wants to persuade
you to do something or think a you to do something or think a

P certain way.
Examples: Commercials, Ads, P certain way.
Examples: Commercials, Ads,
Persuasive Letters Persuasive Letters
The author wants to give you The author wants to give you
information. They will share information. They will share

I facts about a specific topic.


Examples: Science books, I facts about a specific topic.
Examples: Science books,
Biographies, Timelines Biographies, Timelines
The author wants their writing The author wants their writing
to be entertaining. They want to be entertaining. They want

E to keep you interested.


Examples: Stories, Fantasy, E to keep you interested.
Examples: Stories, Fantasy,
Poetry Poetry

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Author’s Author’s
Purpose Purpose
Author’s Purpose is as easy as PIE. Author’s Purpose is as easy as PIE.

Authors write for a variety of reasons. Their Authors write for a variety of reasons. Their
purpose for writing will have an impact on the purpose for writing will have an impact on the
genre they write. genre they write.
The author wants to persuade The author wants to persuade
you to do something or think a you to do something or think a

P certain way.
Examples: Commercials, Ads, P certain way.
Examples: Commercials, Ads,
Persuasive Letters Persuasive Letters
The author wants to give you The author wants to give you
information. They will share information. They will share

I facts about a specific topic.


Examples: Science books, I facts about a specific topic.
Examples: Science books,
Biographies, Timelines Biographies, Timelines
The author wants their writing The author wants their writing
to be entertaining. They want to be entertaining. They want

E to keep you interested.


Examples: Stories, Fantasy, E to keep you interested.
Examples: Stories, Fantasy,
Poetry Poetry

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Inference
Authors don’t always tell their reader
Inference
Authors don’t always tell their reader
everything. They rely on the reader to use everything. They rely on the reader to use
inferential thinking to understand everything inferential thinking to understand everything
going on in the story. going on in the story.
Background Background
Text Clues Text Clues
Knowledge Knowledge

= INFERENCE = INFERENCE
My Background My Background
Text Clues Text Clues
My heart started to Knowledge My heart started to Knowledge
I think the character I think the character
race as I stared down race as I stared down
is a kid because they is a kid because they
at the broken pieces. at the broken pieces.
mentioned their mom. mentioned their mom.
“How will I be able to “How will I be able to
I also think the kid is I also think the kid is
explain this when mom explain this when mom
nervous because that nervous because that
gets home” I thought to gets home” I thought to
is what happens when is what happens when
myself. myself.
your heart races. your heart races.

My Inference My Inference
The kid accidentally broke something important to The kid accidentally broke something important to
his mom and he is nervous about telling her when his mom and he is nervous about telling her when
she gets home. she gets home.

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Inference
Authors don’t always tell their reader
Inference
Authors don’t always tell their reader
everything. They rely on the reader to use everything. They rely on the reader to use
inferential thinking to understand everything inferential thinking to understand everything
going on in the story. going on in the story.
Background Background
Text Clues Text Clues
Knowledge Knowledge

= INFERENCE = INFERENCE
My Background My Background
Text Clues Text Clues
My heart started to Knowledge My heart started to Knowledge
I think the character I think the character
race as I stared down race as I stared down
is a kid because they is a kid because they
at the broken pieces. at the broken pieces.
mentioned their mom. mentioned their mom.
“How will I be able to “How will I be able to
I also think the kid is I also think the kid is
explain this when mom explain this when mom
nervous because that nervous because that
gets home” I thought to gets home” I thought to
is what happens when is what happens when
myself. myself.
your heart races. your heart races.

My Inference My Inference
The kid accidentally broke something important to The kid accidentally broke something important to
his mom and he is nervous about telling her when his mom and he is nervous about telling her when
she gets home. she gets home.

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Cause & Cause &


Effect Effect
Sometimes authors include cause and
Sometimes authors include cause and
effect relationships in their stories. effect relationships in their stories.

Cause Effect Cause Effect

The effect is what happened. The cause is


what made it happen. They are connected.

Cause Effect Cause Effect


It is raining. You bring your It is raining. You bring your
umbrella. umbrella.
I woke up late. I missed the bus. I woke up late. I missed the bus.

I didn’t study. I got a bad grade. I didn’t study. I got a bad grade.

I ate too much candy. I got a stomach ache. I ate too much candy. I got a stomach ache.

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Cause & Cause &


Effect Effect
Sometimes authors include cause and
Sometimes authors include cause and
effect relationships in their stories. effect relationships in their stories.

Cause Effect Cause Effect

The effect is what happened. The cause is


what made it happen. They are connected.

Cause Effect Cause Effect


It is raining. You bring your It is raining. You bring your
umbrella. umbrella.
I woke up late. I missed the bus. I woke up late. I missed the bus.

I didn’t study. I got a bad grade. I didn’t study. I got a bad grade.

I ate too much candy. I got a stomach ache. I ate too much candy. I got a stomach ache.

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Making Making
Predictions Predictions
A prediction is a guess about what will happen
A prediction is a guess about what will happen
next in the story. You can use pictures or text next in the story. You can use pictures or text
clues to help you make your predictions. clues to help you make your predictions.

Here are some ways to start your predictions: Here are some ways to start your predictions:
• I predict that… • I predict that…
• I think _____ will happen because…. • I think _____ will happen because….
• When I read ______, it makes me • When I read ______, it makes me
think _______ will happen. think _______ will happen.
• I bet the character will… • I bet the character will…
• I wonder if _______ will happen next. • I wonder if _______ will happen next.

When can I make a prediction? When can I make a prediction?


Before Look at the title and the pictures Before Look at the title and the pictures
Reading to help you make predictions. Reading to help you make predictions.

Stop every few pages to make a Stop every few pages to make a
During During prediction about what will happen
prediction about what will happen
Reading Reading next.
next.
Think: Did I make accurate Think: Did I make accurate
After predictions? What clues helped After predictions? What clues helped
Reading me predict what would happen Reading me predict what would happen
next? next?

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Making Making
Predictions Predictions
A prediction is a guess about what will happen
A prediction is a guess about what will happen
next in the story. You can use pictures or text next in the story. You can use pictures or text
clues to help you make your predictions. clues to help you make your predictions.

Here are some ways to start your predictions: Here are some ways to start your predictions:
• I predict that… • I predict that…
• I think _____ will happen because…. • I think _____ will happen because….
• When I read ______, it makes me • When I read ______, it makes me
think _______ will happen. think _______ will happen.
• I bet the character will… • I bet the character will…
• I wonder if _______ will happen next. • I wonder if _______ will happen next.

When can I make a prediction? When can I make a prediction?


Before Before
Reading Reading

During During
Reading Reading

After After
Reading Reading

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Formulating Formulating
Questions Questions
Strong readers will ask questions while they read. Strong readers will ask questions while they read.
This helps them make connections, predictions, This helps them make connections, predictions,
and understand what is going on in the story. and understand what is going on in the story.

• What will this story be about? • What will this story be about?
• Who are the main • Who are the main
Before characters? Before characters?
• What lesson might they learn? • What lesson might they learn?

• What are the characters • What are the characters


feeling? feeling?
During • Why are they acting like that? During • Why are they acting like that?
• What will happen next? • What will happen next?

• What were the most important • What were the most important
parts of the story? parts of the story?
• Why did the author choose to • Why did the author choose to
After write this story? After write this story?
• What would happen in a • What would happen in a
sequel? sequel?

Don’t forget to look for the answers while Don’t forget to look for the answers while
you read! you read!

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Formulating Formulating
Questions Questions
Strong readers will ask questions while they read. Strong readers will ask questions while they read.
This helps them make connections, predictions, This helps them make connections, predictions,
and understand what is going on in the story. and understand what is going on in the story.

• What will this story be about? • What will this story be about?
• Who are the main • Who are the main
Before characters? Before characters?
• What lesson might they learn? • What lesson might they learn?

• What are the characters • What are the characters


feeling? feeling?
During • Why are they acting like that? During • Why are they acting like that?
• What will happen next? • What will happen next?

• What were the most important • What were the most important
parts of the story? parts of the story?
• Why did the author choose to • Why did the author choose to
After write this story? After write this story?
• What would happen in a • What would happen in a
sequel? sequel?

Don’t forget to look for the answers while Don’t forget to look for the answers while
you read! you read!

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Making Making
Connections Connections
When you are reading, you naturally When you are reading, you naturally
make connections. Readers can make make connections. Readers can make
different types of connections. different types of connections.
It reminds me of It reminds me of
something I did. something I did.
• I can connect to • I can connect to
the book the book
Text-to-Self because…. Text-to-Self because….

It reminds me of It reminds me of
another book. another book.
• This story reminds • This story reminds
me of another me of another
Text-to-Text book because… Text-to-Text book because…

It reminds me of It reminds me of
something in the something in the
world. world.
• This story makes • This story makes
Text-to-World me think of_____ Text-to-World me think of_____
because… because…

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Making Making
Connections Connections
When you are reading, you naturally When you are reading, you naturally
make connections. Readers can make make connections. Readers can make
different types of connections. different types of connections.
It reminds me of It reminds me of
something I did. something I did.
• I can connect to • I can connect to
the book the book
Text-to-Self because…. Text-to-Self because….

It reminds me of It reminds me of
another book. another book.
• This story reminds • This story reminds
me of another me of another
Text-to-Text book because… Text-to-Text book because…

It reminds me of It reminds me of
something in the something in the
world. world.
• This story makes • This story makes
Text-to-World me think of_____ Text-to-World me think of_____
because… because…

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Fact & Fact &


Opinion Opinion
Many times, authors will include facts and Many times, authors will include facts and
opinions in their writing. It is important to know opinions in their writing. It is important to know
the difference between them. the difference between them.

Facts Vs Opinions Facts Vs Opinions


A fact is a An opinion is a A fact is a An opinion is a
statement that personal belief statement that personal belief
can be proven or feeling. An can be proven or feeling. An
to be true or opinion can’t be to be true or opinion can’t be
false. proven. false. proven.

Author’s include facts and opinions in Author’s include facts and opinions in
their writing to help influence the reader. their writing to help influence the reader.

Fact: Thanksgiving is in the month of Fact: Thanksgiving is in the month of


November. November.
Ask Yourself: Can this be proven? Ask Yourself: Can this be proven?

Opinion: Thanksgiving is the best Opinion: Thanksgiving is the best


holiday. holiday.
Ask Yourself: Could people disagree? Ask Yourself: Could people disagree?

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Fact & Fact &


Opinion Opinion
Many times, authors will include facts and Many times, authors will include facts and
opinions in their writing. It is important to know opinions in their writing. It is important to know
the difference between them. the difference between them.

Facts Vs Opinions Facts Vs Opinions


A fact is a An opinion is a A fact is a An opinion is a
statement that personal belief statement that personal belief
can be proven or feeling. An can be proven or feeling. An
to be true or opinion can’t be to be true or opinion can’t be
false. proven. false. proven.

Author’s include facts and opinions in Author’s include facts and opinions in
their writing to help influence the reader. their writing to help influence the reader.

Fact: Thanksgiving is in the month of Fact: Thanksgiving is in the month of


November. November.
Ask Yourself: Can this be proven? Ask Yourself: Can this be proven?

Opinion: Thanksgiving is the best Opinion: Thanksgiving is the best


holiday. holiday.
Ask Yourself: Could people disagree? Ask Yourself: Could people disagree?

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