Historical Antecedents in the Course of

Science and Technology

DR. ENRIQUE V. AUSTRIA
 At the end of the lesson the students
should be able to:
1. identify inventions and discoveries
Learning during the ancient, middle, and modern
ages that led to further S&T
Objectives: development.
2. discuss the scientific and technological
developments in the Philippines.
People in ancient times were
able to discover and invent
things that would impact the
lives of the modern people.
Sumerian
Civilization
§ Sumerian civilization emerged
in the southernmost tip of
ancient Mesopotamia.
§ They had an unusual flair for
technological invention.
§ They invented wide range of
technology and perfected the
large-scale use of existing
ones.
Cuneiform
§ First writing system that
utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols
City of Uruk
§ Considered as the first true city in
the world.
§ The Sumerians used sun-baked
bricks – mud or clay mixed with
reeds – to build the city.
The Great
Ziggurat of Ur
§ Considered as the first
true city in the world.
§ The Sumerians used
sun-baked bricks – mud
or clay mixed with reeds
– to build the city.
Wheel
§ Sumerians constructed the first
wheels by inserting rotating axles
into solid discs of wood.
Irrigation
and Dikes
§ Sumerians created
dikes and irrigation
canals to bring water to
farmlands and at the
same time control the
flooding of the rivers.
Plow
§ The plow was invented to dig the
ground where seed would be
planted.
§ This tool helped them to mass
produce food without taking so
much effort and time.
Babylonian
Civilization
Babylonian civilization flourished
near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Hanging Gardens
of Babylon
§ The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are
considered one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world.
§ They were fabled gardens built by King
Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife, Queen Amytis.
§ According to historians, this structure was
made up of layers upon layers of gardens that
contained wide variety of plants, trees, and
vines.
Astronomy
§ Babylonians introduced the use of
constellations to determine the
weather, climate, and seasons.

§ They also studied the use of celestial

bodies such as the moon, the stars,
and the sun to predict future events.
§ They also mapped the position of
astronomical bodies, which currently
known as horoscope, to foretell their
daily lives and those of their kings.
Egyptian
Civilization
§ Egyptian civilization is located in
ancient North Africa.
§ This civilization built many
engineering feats such as the
pyramids, temples, and tombs.
Paper or Papyrus and Ink
§ Paper made from papyrus was the main writing
material in ancient Egypt.
§ Papyrus (cyperus papyrus) was a plant which
once grew in abundance, along the Nile River in
Egypt.
§ They also invented ink by combining soot with
different chemicals.
Hieroglyphics
§ The hieroglyphics, also called the
holy writings, was one of the writing
systems used by ancient
Egyptians.
Cosmetics
§ Egyptians wore kohl as a cosmetic
to darken their eyes and to prevent
and even cure eye ailments.
§ It was created by mixing malachite
with mineral galena.
Wig
§ During the ancient Egyptian
times, wigs were worn for
health and wellness rather
than aesthetic purpose.
Water Clock or
Clepsydra
§ The water clock or clepsydra
invented by Amenemhet, was an
ancient device for measuring time
by gradual flow of water.
Greek
Civilization
§ The Greek civilization has
contributed much to the world
especially in the fields of science
and technology.
§ Its origins were in the land of
Greece and the islands of the
Aegean Sea.
Alarm Clock
§ The ancient Greek’s alarm clock used water or
sometimes small stones or sand that dropped into
drums which sounded the alarm.
§ Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm clock to
signal the start of his lecture.
Water Mill
§ Watermills were used in agricultural
processes like milling of grains
which was a necessary form of
food processing during that time.
Archimedes'
Screw
§ Invented by Archimedes.
§ The Archimedes' screw was
an efficient way to move water
up a hill.
Biology
§ Aristotle introduced the idea of
classifying animals according to
their different characteristics.
§ He is often referred to as the father
of zoology.
Cartography
§ Cartography is the study
and practice of making
maps.
§ Anaximader was one of
the first pioneer
cartographers to create
a map of the world.
Roman
Civilization
§ Roman
civilization
emerged from
the city of Rome
in modern day
Italy.
Newspaper
§ Romans introduced
the first newspapers
known as gazettes.
Bound Books or
Codex
§ With the papyrus pages bound
together and covered by animal
skin, the ancient Roman civilization
was able to produce the first books
or codex.
 § Roman government was able to
Roman implement projects such as large
Architecture churches (cathedrals and basilicas),
aqueducts, coliseums, and
amphitheaters.
Roman
Numerals
§ Romans devised their
own number system
to address the need
for a standard
counting method that
would meet their
increasing
communication and
trade concerns.
Chinese
Civilization
§ China is located on the far east of
Asia.
§ The Chinese civilization is the
oldest civilization in Asia.
Silk
§ The Chinese were the ones to
who developed the technology
to harvest the silk which is
naturally produced by
silkworms and process it to
produce paper and clothing.
 Tea Production

§ Tea production was developed when an

unknown Chinese inventor created a
machine that was able to shred tea
leaves into strips.
 Great Wall of
China
§The Great Wall of
China is said to be the
largest and most
extensive
infrastructure that the
nation built.
Gunpowder
§ The gunpowder was developed by Chinese
alchemists by mixing charcoal, sulfur, and
potassium nitrate.
Middle
Ages
§ The start of the middle
ages was marred by
massive invasions and
migrations. Wars were
prevalent during this
time.
Printing Press
§ Johann Gutenberg invented the
printing press.
§ He uses wooden machines that
extracted juices from fruits,
attached to them a metal
impression of the letters, and
pressed firmly the cast metal into a
piece of paper, which then made
an exact impression on paper.
Microscope

§ Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound

microscope.
Telescope
§ The invention of the telescope, an
optical instrument that helps in the
observation of remote objects, was
a great help for navigators during
this time.
§ The telescope was first patented in
1608 by Hans Lippershey.
War § Cross bows, long bows, and chainmail were

Weapons invented during the Middle Ages.

 Modern Ages
The Modern Period covers human history from the creation of a more
global network to present day.
Pasteurization
§ Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist,
and chemist, invented pasteurization.
§ It is the process of heating dairy products such as
milk to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to
spoil faster.
Petroleum Refinery
§ Samuel M. Kier invented kerosene by refining
petroleum.
Telephone
§ The first telephone was
invented by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876.
§ He made the first call on
March 10, 1876, to his
assistant, Thomas
Watson.
Calculator
§ The creation of modern
calculators did not only pave
the way for easier arithmetic
calculations, but also resulted
in the development of more
complex processing machines
like the computer.
Philippine Inventions

§ Philippines also contributes to the

global advancement of science and
technology. Many of the
discoveries and inventions made
by the Filipinos were built from
indigenous materials to adapt to
the harsh tropical environment.
Salamander
Amphibious
Tricycle
§ H2O Technologies headed by
Dominic N. Chung and
Lamberto Armada, together
with Chief Designer Victor
“Atoy” Llave invented the
Salamander, an amphibious
tricycle that can cross flooded
streets, rivers, and lakes.
SALt
Lamp
§ A young Filipina inventor
named Aisa Mejino
invented a lighting system
that utilizes saltwater.
§ She invented the
Sustainable Alternative
Lighting (SALt) lamp, an
environmental-friendly
light source that runs on
saltwater.
Medical Incubator
§ Dr. Fe del Mundo, a Filipino pediatrician and the
first Asian woman admitted into Harvard Medical
School, invented a medical incubator made from
indigenous and cheap materials.
Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System

§ Department of Science and

Technology-Industrial Technology
Development Institute (DOST-ITDI)
introduced a trap system made of
natural ingredients that are lethal to
mosquitos but safe for humans and
environment, known as the
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System (OL Trap).
Ejeepney § This modern type of transportation uses electricity
instead of the more expensive diesel.
THANK
YOU!