Ch. 1 – This Study Guide DOES NOT represent EVERYTHING THAT will be on the test.

All class materials

should be looked over.
Science and the Environment
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the
term or phrase. a. hunter-gatherer period
______ 1. undesired change in air, water, or soil b. agricultural revolution
______ 2. describes conflicts associated with sharing resources c. Industrial Revolution
______ 3. humans lived in tribes, using fires to maintain the prairie d. nonrenewable resource
______ 4. characterized by high population growth rate, extreme poverty e. pollution
______ 5. plants and animals were domesticated, human populations grew f. resource depletion
______ 6. natural material formed at a much slower rate than it is depleted g. “The Tragedy of the
EE
______ 7. characterized by high personal wealth, and high levels of consumption Commons”
______ 8. the study of living things and their interaction with their nonliving environment h. ecology
i. developing country

t
______ 9. rate of resource use depletes resources and creates pollution and wastes

______ 10. society shifted to fossil fuels j. developed country

MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

_______ 12. Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s)in human history?
a. hunter-gatherer period c. Industrial Revolution
b. agricultural revolution d. both (a) and (c)

d
_______ 13.Environmental science is a study of which types of interactions between humans and the environment?
a. how humans use natural resources
b. how human beings relate to the nonliving environment
c. how human actions alter the environment
d. all of the above

_______ 14. Which of the following is studied in environmental science?

a. interactions between living organisms and their nonliving environment
5
b. impact of humans on the environment
c. interactions between organisms
d. all of the above

_______ 15. Population growth in the 20th century accelerated which environmental stress(es)?
a. resource depletion c. habitat destruction
b. pollution d. all of the above

_______ 16. Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?

a. Humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen.
b. Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
c. Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions are common.
d. both (a) and (b)
 b
_______ 17. Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describes the
a. availability of abundant resources.

si
b. relationship between the availability and the worth of resources.
c. worth of nonrenewable resources.
d. reduced demand resulting from lack of available resources.

a
_______ 18. Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution is an example of a(n)
a. cost-benefit analysis. c. ecological footprint.
b. risk assessment. d. market equilibrium.

H
_______ 19. Compared with their counterparts in developed countries, individuals in developing nations typically have a
a. higher standard of living.
b. larger ecological footprint.
c. shorter life span.
d. greater dependence on fossil fuels.

d
_______ 20. Achieving a sustainable world is a goal that will depend on
a. responsible consumption by developed countries.
b. a higher standard of living in developing countries.
c. cooperation between governments, industry, and citizens.
d. both (a) and (c)

Ch. 2- Tools of Environmental Science

MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.
_______ 1. testable explanation for an observation
a. correlation
_______ 2. information gathered during an experiment
z
_______ 3. information gathered by using sight, hearing, smell, and touch b. prediction
_______ 4. principles or standards we consider important c. value

É d. probability
_______ 5. verbal or graphical explanation for how a system works or is organized
_______ 6. collection and classification of data in the form of numbers
_______ 7. association used to study a subject when using an experiment is impossible or
e.
f.
t
experiment
conceptual
unethical model
_______ 8. procedure for testing a hypothesis under controlled conditions g. hypothesis
_______ 9. chance of something happening h. statistics
_______ 10. logical statement about what will happen if a hypothesis is correct i. data
j. observation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

d
_______ 11. What essential characteristic does a good experiment have?
a. control group is given the experimental treatment.
b. A single variable is tested.
c. A control is used.

y
d. both (b) and (c)
_______ 14. A model of a dinosaur is an example of a __________ model.
a. graphical c. conceptual

o
b. mathematical d. physical

_______ 16. Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, what step must you take?
a. Explore the consequences of each option.
b. Consider which values apply to the issue.
c. Gather information.
d. all of the above

d
_______ 17. If you consider what will protect our natural resources when making an environmental decision, you are examining a(n)
value.
a. ethical/moral
b. aesthetic
c. scientific

o
d. environmental

_______ 18. Your county is considering buying land to form a nature preserve. On this land, an endangered species of mammal is

agg
known to breed. Which of the following is a possible positive long-term consequence of this decision?
a. The population of the endangered species increases.
b. Habitat destruction is immediately slowed.
c. Environmental controls are made less strict outside the preserve area.
d. Habitats outside the preserve area are damaged by over development.

bo
_______ 19. In a scientific investigation, it is important that the number of objects or events being sampled be
a. a guess of how likely an unwanted outcome will occur.
b. large enough to give an accurate estimate for the whole population.
c. equal to the mean number of objects or events not sampled.
d. equal to the total statistical population.

_______ 20. A good hypothesis is more than a guess because it

dy
a. is based on intuition rather than observation.
b. states what is likely to happen.
c. makes logical sense
d. Both (b) and (c)
Ch. 3
The Dynamic Earth
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches
the description. a. convection current
_______ 1. rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds b. Nitrogen gas
_______ 2. hot air rises and cool air sinks

_______ 3. Main gas in our atmosphere d. evaporation

j
e. world ocean
_______ 4. the flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are
placed in direct physical contact h. conduction

d
_______ 7. the process in which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the
atmosphere as water vapor
i. precipitation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space provided.

_______ 17. Where is most of the fresh water on Earth located?

a. reservoirs and lakes c. oceans

O
b. icecaps and glaciers d. streams and tributaries

_______ 18. Which of the following is Earth’s atmospheric layer that contains our weather?
a. mesosphere c. thermosphere
b. stratosphere d. troposphere

Short Answer:
1. What is the difference between climate and weather?

Weather is the forecast for the day while the climate is

the average temperature and precipitation for each
month of a year.

2. How can we tell what the climate was like thousands and millions of years ago?

By looking at the icecores

rings on glaciers that have formed
for thousands of years.

4. What are the main greenhouse gases? How do they affect the atmosphere? How are humans affecting the levels of these
greenhouse gases?

The main greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and
methane. These greenhouse gasses a ect the atmosphere by raising the temperature
causing there to be more precipitation. Since the Industrial Age, fossil fuels haas been
our main source of energy. Fossil fuels when burnt release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. Carbon dioxide causes the temperature to rise which heats up more
water causing there to be more water vapor. Methane is produced through our bad
manure management of agricultural animals.

5. If the climate continues to change, what are some possible effects on the human population? On other animal populations?

If the climate continues to change, all life on earth will lose their valuable resources and
habitats. More deaths will occur to rising tides, res, and droughts.
Ch. 4 The Organization of Life
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

_______ 1. change in the genetic characteristics in a population from one generation to the next
a. natural selection
_______ 2. process that causes the characteristics of a population to change in a way controlled by

TE
b. adaptation
humans
c. evolution
_______ 3. trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival d. artificial selection
_______ 4. trait that may be unintentionally selected by humans e. resistance

la
_______ 5. process that causes the characteristics of a population to change without human control

MULTIPLE CHOICE- IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE TERM OR PHRASE THAT BEST
COMPLETES EACH STATEMENT OR BEST ANSWERS EACH QUESTION.

d
_______ 11. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
a. plants
b. bacteria
c. fungi

o
d. water

b
_______ 12. Natural selection is the unequal survival that results from the presence or absence of
a. cell walls.

y
b. particular traits.
c. learned behaviors.
d. breeding.

_______ 13. Which of the following best describes a population?

a. members of the same species living in the same place at the same time
b. all the red birds in an area
c. all types of organisms living in the same place
d. all the members of the same species

_______ 14. The place that contains everything an organism needs is its
a. community.
b. species.

y
c. habitat.
d. population

______ 15. A desert ecosystem contains

a. air.
b. living things.
c. sand.
d. All of the above

d
_______ 16. Bacteria that are no longer killed by an antibiotic have
a. evolved.
b. developed unwanted adaptations.
c. developed resistance to the antibiotic.

y
d. All of the above
 d
_______ 20. Which of the following include organisms that break down dead organisms?
a. animals and protists
b. protists and fungi
c. fungi and plants

g
d. bacteria and fungi

Short Answer:

1. What does Survival of the fittest mean?

Survival of the ttest means that the animal with the better traits will survive and
reproduce. The animals without those better traits will die o .

2. What are the main statements in Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?

The main statements in Darwin’s Theory of evolution are

1. Individuals in a population vary in each generation
2. Some of these variations are genetic; or inherited
3. More individuals are produced than live to grow up and reproduce
4. Individuals with some genes are more likely to survive and
reproduce than individuals with other genes

3. What has artificial selection changed about our society?

Now we as a society can pick fruits and vegetables that have the exact trait we want
them to have. We can pick up meat that has the best taste. We can nd domesticated
animals that are small, large, has long hair, has short hair, and that are hypoallergenic.

CH. 5- How Ecosystems Work

MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

_______ 1. an atmospheric gas that increases when fossil fuels are burned
a. ecological

I
EE
succession
_______ 2. evidence of excessive fertilizer use b. secondary
succession
_______ 3. a final and stable community c. carbon dioxide
d. algal bloom
f
_______ 4. a type of succession that occurs on abandoned farmland

EE
e. climax
_______ 5. a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community
community f. old-field
succession
b
_______ 6. a common type of succession that occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has
previously existed
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers
each question.

C
_______ 7. What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms?
a. producers c. the sun
b. consumers d. bacteria

by
_______ 8. Which of these consumers might depend on a rabbit for its energy?
a. grasshopper c. cow
b. coyote d. horse

_______ 9. A consumer that eats only producers is called a(n)

a. omnivore c. autotroph

O
b. carnivore d. herbivore

_______ 10. What term is used to describe a linear sequence in which energy is transmitted from one organism to the next as each
organism eats another organism?
a. food web c. trophic level

T
b. food chain d. energy pyramid

a
_______ 11 What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?
a. food web c. energy pyramid
b. food chain d. energy transfer

d
_______ 12. Which organism would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy?
a. bobcat c. grasshopper

O
b. bird d. carrot

a
_______ 13. In the carbon cycle, where do the producers get their carbon?
a. the atmosphere c. fossil fuels
b. carbohydrates in plants d. animal remains

_______ 14. Where are fossil fuels located?

is
a. on the surface of Earth c. beneath the ocean floor
b. deep within Earth d. all of the above

_______ 15. How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

a. Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil.
b. Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants.
c. Lichens are nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
d. Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.

_______ 16. Where would you most likely find nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
a. in leaves of trees c. on dust particles in the atmosphere
b. on the roots of legumes d. in blue-green algae

_______ 17. What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has been undisturbed by humans for 150
years?
a. short grasses c. young pine trees
b. shrubs d. tall, mature oak trees
y
_______ 18. Consumers are organisms that

so
a. eat only other animal species. c. are also known as self-feeders.
b. get their energy by eating other organisms. d. occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.

_______ 19. The energy consumed by organisms

a. can be stored in fat and sugar molecules.
b. remains constant at all trophic levels.
c. undergoes magnification in food chains.
d. is not partially lost during digestion.

b
_______ 20. Which of these is a large reservoir of nitrogen that is unusable by most organisms?
a. soil c. ocean

y
b. atmosphere d. space

Chapter Review – 6 Biomes

MATCHING- MATCH THE TERM OR PHRASE ON THE RIGHT WITH THE CORRECT DESCRIPTION ON THE
LEFT. WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE LINE PROVIDED.
a. tropical rain forest

I
_______ 1. has rich, deep soil
b. tundra
_______ 2. less than 25 cm of rainfall per year c. estivation
d. temperate rain forest
_______ 3. Douglas fir and redwood trees e. temperate deciduous forest
f. conical shape
É
_______ 4. scrub oak, olive trees, and sage
g. chaparral
_______ 5. 100 acres lost each minute h. desert
i. savanna
_______ 6. adaptation for desert survival j. temperate grassland

_______ 7. adaptation for taiga survival

_______ 8. home to herbivores such as giraffes and elephants

_______ 9. moderate rainfall, frequent fire events

_______ 10. easily disrupted and slow to recover from disturbances

MULTIPLE CHOICE- IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST
ANSWERS THE QUESTION OR COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

_______ 11. Just before you reach the top of a mountain where there is year-round ice and snow, you would expect to see

so
a. cacti. c. mahogany trees.
b. deciduous trees. d. herbs, lichens, and mosses.

_______ 12. In a tropical rain forest, you would expect to find

a. lush, tall plants that require a lot of water.
b. short plants that require little water.
c. small trees, shrubs, and grasses.
d. cacti and shrubs that require little to no water.
_______ 13. Which of the following statements is true?

is
a. Mosses and lichens of the tundra usually grow closer to the equator.
b. Temperate forests and grasslands usually have poor soil.
c. Tropical rain forests are located near the equator where it is warm and wet.
d. Grasslands north of 40º latitude grow most of the world’s food.
 B
_______ 14. Which of the following is true of tropical rain forests?
a. The soil is rich and supports a wide variety of plant and animal life.

1
b. They help regulate world climate and play vital roles in the nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon cycles.
c. Temperatures vary widely between wet and dry seasons.
d. The diversity in a tropical rain forest is exceeded only by that of the grasslands.

_______ 15. The amount of light available to each layer of a tropical rain forest from least to most light is
a. lower canopy, upper canopy, emergent layer, under story.
b. upper canopy, emergent layer, under story, lower canopy.
c. under story, lower canopy, upper canopy, emergent layer.
d. emergent layer, upper canopy, lower canopy, under story.

_______ 16. A temperate deciduous forest would likely contain

a. plants that require abundant rainfall and moderate temperatures.
b. plants with adaptations, such as rhizomes, to survive harsh winters.
c. plants with thick, fleshy, waxy stems to prevent water loss.
d. dwarf woody plants growing near the ground to absorb the soil’s heat.

_______ 17. Animals of the taiga have adaptations such as the ability to
a. change color to avoid predators.
b. find watering holes in the dry season.
c. give birth during the rainy season only.
d. prevent summertime water loss with their thick, scaly skin.

E
_______ 18. Which characteristics describe grassland biomes?
a. high species diversity, few trees, alternating rainy and dry seasons
b. susceptibility to fires, low to moderate rainfall, few to no trees
c. abundant rainfall year-round, extremely fertile soil, grazing animals
d. mild Mediterranean climate, high species diversity, and few trees

_______ 19. Which of the following describes the climate of the chaparral?
a. Mediterranean climate; hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters
b. desert-like climate; hot, dry summers; cool, dry winters
c. extremely wet climate; cold, wet winters; cool, rainy summers
d. relatively dry climate; mild, dry summers; cold, dry winters

_______ 20. Adaptations of desert animals that help them survive in the hot, dry desert often include
a. searching for water at midday.
b. thin skin that readily absorbs water.
c. large, bulky size to retain body heat on cold nights.
d. searching for food at night
 Chapter Review – 7- Aquatic Ecosystems

MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. a. salt marsh

_______ 1. lake that has a large amount of plant growth due to nutrients b. corals

i
c. benthic zone
_______ 2. organisms that float near the surface of water
d. dams

E
_______ 3. marine ecosystem dominated by trees with stilt-like roots
e. plankton

E
_______ 4. factor that determines where aquatic organisms live f. oxygen
_______ 5. threat to ocean organisms g. flood control
T
h. mangrove swamps

E
_______ 6. marine ecosystem dominated by marsh grasses
i. eutrophic lake
_______ 7. bottom of a pond or lake
j. over fishing
B
_______ 8. use stinging tentacles to capture prey

_______ 9. environmental function of wetlands

G
_______ 10. threat to river ecosystems

MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

A
_______ 11. Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?
a. increasing runoff
b. absorbing and removing pollutants from water
c. trapping carbon that would otherwise be released into the air
d. controlling floods

C
_______ 12. Which of the following factors is not an important advantage for aquatic organisms living near the surface of a lake or
pond?
a. warmer temperature
D
b. more sunlight c. presence of decomposing organism d. higher oxygen level

B
_______ 13. Which of the following is not characteristic of salt marshes and mangrove swamps?
a. Both provide habitats for wildlife.
b. Both are dominated by marsh grasses.
c. Both are found along coastal areas.
d. Both are threatened by development.

L
_______ 14. Photosynthetic organisms are found mainly in shallow water due to the availability of

o
a. oxygen b. nutrients. c.sunlight. d. salt.

L
_______ 15. In the _________ zone, aquatic life is diverse and abundant.
a. benthic c. littoral
b. eutrophic d. plankton

A
_______ 16. In the _________ zone, the water is cool and dark.
a. benthic c. littoral
b. eutrophic d. plankton

D
_______ 17. Which of the following is not a threat to coral reefs?
a. oil spills b. sewage c. Pesticides d.
O
phytoplankton
_______ 18. Estuaries are extremely productive ecosystems because they continually receive fresh nutrients from _________ and

I
_________.
a. rivers, ocean b. lakes, ponds c. marshes, swamps d. streams, springs

_______ 19. What causes most coastal pollution in the United States?
a. lakes and ponds
b. industrial waste and sewage
c. over fishing
d. temperature changes

D
_______ 20. As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
a. wider. b. warmer. c. slower. d.
O
All of the above

Chapter Review- 8- Understanding Populations

a. predation

s
MATCHING
b. population
Write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.
c. clumped dispersion
_______ 1. kangaroo’s role as a large herbivore on Australian grasslands

É
d. competition
_______ 2. woodpeckers eating at a birdfeeder e. generation time
_______ 3. an owl snatching a mouse from a field to eat f. parasitism

se
g. mutualism

i
_______ 4. cause of death that does not occur more quickly in crowded populations

_______ 5. an orchid using a high tree branch as a place of attachment to receive

h. niche
i. commensalism
more sunlight but not affecting the tree
j. density independent
_______ 6. all the black squirrels living in a forest

_______ 7. three lampreys attached to a fish and sucking its body fluids for food

_______ 8. average age at which members of a species reproduce

_______ 9. description of a large population of geese gathered in a marsh

g
_______ 10. a butterfly pollinating a flower as it drinks nectar from the flower

MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

_______ 11. The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse population’s
a. density. c. size.
b. dispersion. d. birth rate.

_______ 12. If over a long period of time each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to
reproduce, the population would
a. grow. c. remain the same.
b. shrink. d. disperse randomly.

_______ 13.Which of the following species has the highest reproductive potential?
a. rabbit b. elephant c. human d. horse
_______ 14. Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a. rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
b. reindeer of the Probilof Islands after eating most of the Lichens
c. a bank account that earns interest
d. mold appearing on bread overnight

_______ 15. The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the
a. number of individuals in the species.
b. distribution of the population.
c. reproductive potential of the species.
d. supply of the most limited resources.

_______ 16. Competition for food cannot occur

a. between two populations.
b. among members of the same population.
c. among populations whose niches overlap.
d. between animals from two different ecosystems.

_______ 17. A bird that feeds at night and a bird that feeds during the day from the same flower is an example of
a. direct competition
b. mutualism
c. indirect competition
d. indirect commensalism

_______ 18. In which type of interaction between species does one species benefit by harming another species but not killing it?
a. predation
b. parasitism
c. mutualism
d. commensalism

_______ 19. Which of the following examples would be least likely to be considered a symbiotic interaction?

is
a. A wren builds a nest in a cactus.
b. A yucca moth pollinates and lays eggs on yucca flowers.
c. A kit fox hunts and feeds on a kangaroo rat.
d. Bacteria in a fox’s digestive system help it digest food.

_______ 20. Which of the following two species represent a relation-ship that has coevolved?
a. flowering plants and their pollinators
b. foxes and their coyote competitors
c. house cats and their prey
d. rabbits and their relatives
 d. all of the above

______ 16. Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located?

a. cities and developed areas of the world
b. islands, tropical rain forests, and coastal areas
c. desert and polar environments
d. all of the above

_______ 17.It is often difficult to save individual species because

a. small populations are more prone to disease.
b. inbreeding may result in genetic disorders.
c. captive species may not reproduce in the wild.
d. All of the above

_______ 18. Preserving entire ecosystems rather than individual species is a good conservation strategy because
a. only endangered species will be saved.
b. developers will have greater access to land.
c. more than one species can be saved.
d. it will not be necessary for environmentalists to study the ecosystem.

_______ 19. Where are some of the unique ecosystems of the United States?
a. in Pacific Northwest and California
b. in the Florida Everglades and Hawaii
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of the above

_______ 20. How did the CITES treaty reduce the slaughter of elephants?
a. It offered a bounty to tribal leaders for identifying poachers.
b. It banned imports and exports of all ivory worldwide.
c. It limited sales of ivory to the antique market.
d. both (a) and (c)

Water Review
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

_______ 1. land that drains into a river

b. potable
_______ 2. area above an aquifer c. point-source pollution
d. recharge zone
_______ 3. bottled water e. watershed
f. pathogen
_______ 4. bacteria
g. artificial eutrophication
_______ 5. phosphates in laundry detergent/ nitrate is fertilizer h. residential and
industrial
_______ 7. leaking gasoline tank

_______ 8. global uses of fresh water

MULTIPLE CHOICE- IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE TERM OR PHRASE THAT BEST
COMPLETES EACH STATEMENT OR BEST ANSWERS EACH QUESTION.

a 9. Three percent of the world’s water resources are found as

_______
a. fresh water. c. icecaps and glaciers.
b. salt water. d. groundwater.

s
_______ 10. Most of the pollutants in the ocean come from
a. commercial boats and personal watercraft.
b. spills from oil tankers.
c. activities on land.
d. leaking underground storage facilities.

a
_______ 11. The largest watershed in the United States is the

j
a. Mississippi River.
b. Yukon River.
c. Colorado River.
d. Rio Grande.

c
_______ 12. During the water treatment process, what is the purpose of adding chlorine to water?
a. to remove large debris
b. to form flocs
c. to kill or limit bacterial growth
d. to remove unwanted gases

d
_______ 13. How is fresh water used in industry?
a. in manufacturing processes
b. in the disposal of waste products
c. to generate power
d. all of the above

b
_______ 14. Many areas of the world that do not have adequate fresh water have become habitable because
a. rainfall patterns have changed.

yy
b. water management projects have diverted water to the area.
c. icebergs have been towed in to provide fresh water.
d. people have practiced water conservation.

b
_______ 15. Fresh water is a limited resource because
a. most water is polluted.

y
b. most surface water contains salt.
c. it is controlled by powerful governments.
d. dams have limited the flow of fresh water.

_______ 16. Which of the following is one way a person can conserve water?
a. take a long bath instead of a shower
b. wash laundry in small, partial loads
c. use a low-flow shower head to take short showers.
d. water the lawn daily and at mid-day
_______17. Which of the following is a source of nonpoint pollution?
a. unlined landfill
b. polluted waste-water from a chemical plant
c. leaking oil tanker
d. runoff from agricultural feedlots
 a 18. Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollutant?
_______
a. pathogen
b. organic matter
c. inorganic chemicals
d. heavy metals

d
_______ 19. Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because
a. groundwater is deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock.
b. pollutants cling to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water.
c. the recycling process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years.
d. All of the above

SOME CLIMATE REVIEW -MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the
space provided.

_______ 11. Weather is a region’s

is
a. long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.
b. number of seasonal daylight hours.
c. atmospheric conditions on a given day.
d. lack of ocean currents.

_______ 13.Elevation is a factor in climate because under most conditions,

any
a. temperature falls as elevation increases.
b. temperature rises as elevation increases.
c. temperature is not affected by elevation.
d. snowfall is unlikely at high elevation.

d
_______ 14. Seasonal changes in daylight hours and climatic conditions are
caused by
a. the annual change of distance from sun to Earth.
b. ocean currents.
c. lunar phases.
d. the 23.5º tilt of Earth’s axis.

b
_______ 15. The ozone layer protects living organisms on Earth by
a. enhancing solar energy.
b. blocking solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
c. blocking solar infrared (IR) radiation.
d. preventing escape of water vapor.
_______ 17. Though CFC production has been curtailed, the threat to upper atmospheric ozone continues because CFCs

b
a. become harmless quickly.
b. break down ozone for only a short time.
c. persist but stop breaking down ozone.
d. persist and continue to break down ozone for decades

_______ 18. Which of the following does not reduce CO2 in the atmosphere?
a. animal respiration c. oceans
b. tropical rain forests d. phytoplankton
_______ 19. A continuous record of annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, reveals
a. a steady increase since 1988. c. a steady decrease since 1958.
b. no change since 1958. d. a steady increase since 1958.

_______ 20.Which of the following would not be a consequence of an increase in global temperature
a. increased frequency of major droughts
b. increased frequency of major storms
c. increased polar ice mass
d. rising sea level