LEA

Character Formation 1
Genzy P. Llorito, RCrim
Top 2 – October 2016
MS Criminology-On Going – Holy Trinity College-Gen. Santos City
BS Criminology-Magna Cum Laude – Sultan Kudarat State University-
Tacurong City
 CHARACTER

Greek word “charassein”

- an engraving instrument; originally used of
a mark impressed upon a coin or the mark cut
by it.
- a distinctive mark of personality; and
gradually, to the sum total of such marks, each
individual one is being called characteristics
(Bartemeier, 2009).
WHAT IS CHARACTER FORMATION?

- is the process by which the individual,

through interaction of biologically
transmitted predispositions with the
environment, develops stable pattern of
functioning, thinking and feeling Donald
(2006).

- also known as, Character Building.

 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR CHARACTER FORMATION

1. Parental Influence 3. School Environment

- most important of all - reinforce the education that
the child needs that home fails
the factors to provide.
- children adapt their - he learns how to interact and
parents mannerisms deal with his peers.
CHARACTER
FORMATION
2. Home Environment 4. Culture
- cradle of human character - different cultures have
and personality
- It is their parental guidance
different values and a child
and discipline that creates the grows up with them, sub-
kind of character, personality consciously absorbing the
and attitude the child has. same.
DETERMINING CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY TYPES

Five (5) Factors that Determine Character or Personality Traits

1. Openness
- appreciation for a variety of experiences.
2. Conscientiousness
- planning ahead rather than being spontaneous.
3. Extraversion
- being sociable, energetic and talkative.
4. Agreeableness
- being kind, sympathetic and happy to help.
5. Neuroticism
- inclined to worry or be vulnerable or temperamental.
GENERAL TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Positive Character / Good Character / Positive trait
a. Being honest and taking responsibility
- for your actions are admirable qualities.
b. Adaptability and compatibility
- are great traits that can help you get along with other,
c. Drive and determination
- will help you keep going no matter what.
d. Compassion and understanding
- mean you relate well to others.
e. Patience
- is a virtue and also a good personality trait.
f. Courage
- will help you do what‟s right in tough situations.
g. Loyalty
- is a good quality to posses, making others trust you.
2. Negative Character / Negative Trait
- A person‟s predisposition to commit evil acts.

a. A propensity for lying, in order to avoid responsibility for our actions,

is a deplorable quality.
b. Being rigid and selfish, unyielding to the needs of others are not
endearing qualities.
c. Being full laziness and excuses is sure to drive others way, too.
d. A hot temper and an inability to empathize with others will also
alienate us from others.
e. Being quick to anger will turn people away.
f. Being disloyal, quick to talk about others behind their backs or,
worse, stab them in the back for personal gain also falls high on the
scale of negative personality traits.
3. Neutral Character / Neutral Trait
- commonly used to described a person who doesn‟t
pick sides in disputes; neutral also pegs anything that
refuses to be bold.

a. Judges, for example, must remain totally neutral

when hearing a case.
b. Manners mavens say that it‟s best to remain neutral
when topics like politics and religion come up during a
party.
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Self-realized Character.
A person with this type of character is ever enthusiastic for
he knows his potentialities and limitations. The sort of a
character is an asset not only to the family but also the society
in which person lives.

2. Covetous Character.
This refers to a jealous or acquisitive character. It is held
that, persons with greed will endeavor to go all out in collecting
worldly possessions and fulfilling his personal petty ambitions
by adopting any means open to him even crossing all the limits
of moral and ethical limits.
3. Superstitious Character.
In a way all are superstitious but when we’re over
superstitious then problems starts. It is not merely
bad for the individual concerned but also for those
who come in contact with this unpredictable person,
who may change his tag any moment thus leaving
everybody around in the lurch. Too much reliance on
superstitious also rubs us of scientific temper and
forward looking approach in our life. But we should
not compare superstitious and traditionalist.
4. Egoistic / Overbearing / Bossy / Tall-talker.
The persons who thinks that world runs due to him and everything and
everybody should respect him as such. His overbearing and bossy
disposition puts him in the category of hard-to-please (fastidious) this
person learns his lesson after sometimes. This fellow with „I-DAMN-CARE-
ATTITUDE‟ hardly cares for others. This sort of egocentric character is the
bane of any society, irrespective of their status in the society.

5. Anti-social Character.
A person who neither cares for the norms set by the society nor cares
for the moral or ethical values is an anti-social character. This character is
both a sinner and a criminal. He could also be termed as an Offensive
character. This like character resorts to offense besides being abusive on
even a pettiest pretext. This anti-social behavior cuts him off from the
community in which he is living and has to fend for himself ultimately for
his acts of omission and commissions.
6. Insincere Character.
When a person does something good for us, we express our
sincere to that person in whatever way it is possible for us.
Contrarily, a person who thinks others is there for serving him
and is without any warmth in the feeling of others. This like
person is not only a insincere to his own family, society and
even to the creator who had created him.

7. Complacent Character.
We all should have confidence on ourselves. It is a good for
day functioning of our society. But when we cross the threshold
of confidence and step into the realm of complacency then
problem starts. A person imbibes this trait finally faces ignoble
defeat for being so and learns a lesson.
THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER
(Source: Josephson Institute- Charactercounts.org.)

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS

This is the pillar of good character that is considered the most

complicated of the six core ethical values and concerns a
variety of qualities like honesty, integrity, reliability and loyalty.
When a person is trusted he is given a greater leeway and no
need to be monitored just to assure that they meet their
obligations. When they are trusted, we develop in them higher
esteem which may be satisfying to them.
THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER
(Source: Josephson Institute- Charactercounts.org.)

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
A. Honesty
FIVE (5) DIMENSIONS OF HONESTY

1. Truthfulness. Presenting the facts to the best of our knowledge. Take

note that, intent is the crucial distinction between truthfulness and truth
itself. Being wrong is not the same thing as lying, although honest
mistakes can still damage truth insofar as they may show sloppy judgment.
2. Sincerity. One must observe genuineness, being without trickery or
duplicity for it precludes all acts, including half-truths, out-of-context
statements, and even silence, that are intended to create beliefs or leave
impressions that are untrue or misleading.
3. Candor. In relationship involving legitimate expectations of trust,
honesty may also require candour, forthrightness and frankness, imposing
the obligation to volunteer information that another person needs to know.
4. Integrity. Persons of integrity are those who acts
according to his beliefs, not according to expediency. He is
also consistent. There is no difference in the way he makes
decisions from situation to situation; his principles don‟t vary
at work or at home, in public or alone.
- People without integrity are called “hypocrites” or “two-
faced.”

5. Reliability. (Promise-Keeping). Reliable person are those

who keep their promises for he believe that doing so create
legitimate basis for another person to rely on him, and that he
undertake special moral duties. They accept the responsibility
of making all reasonable efforts to fulfill their commitments.
Because promise-keeping is such an important aspect of
trustworthiness
CONSIDERATION TO MAINTAIN RELIABILITY
1. Avoid Bad-Faith Excuses
Interpret your promises fairly and honesty. Don‟t try to
rationalize non-compliance.

2. Avoid Unwise Commitments

Before making a promise consider carefully whether you are
willing and likely to keep it. Think about unknown or future
events that could make it difficult, undesirable or impossible.
Sometimes, all we can promise is to do our best.

3. Avoid Unclear Commitments

Be sure that when you make a promise, the other person
understands what you are committing to do.
THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER
(Source: Josephson Institute- Charactercounts.org.)

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
A. Honesty
B. Loyalty
2. RESPECT
QUALITIES OF A RESPECTFUL PERSON
1. Ability to Listen – when somebody is talking he is attentively
listening.

2. Treats others with consideration – respectful person

doesn‟t resort to intimidation, coercion or violence except in
extraordinary and limited situations to defend others, teach
discipline, maintain order or achieve social justice. They allow all
individuals, including maturing children, to have a say in the
decisions that affect them.

3. Capable of Accepting Individual differences and Beliefs –

respectful individuals without prejudice openly accepts principles
and ideologies of others. They judge others only on their
negative character, abilities and conduct.
THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER
(Source: Josephson Institute- Charactercounts.org.)

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
A. Honesty
B. Loyalty
2. RESPECT

3. RESPONSIBILITY
QUALITIES OF A RESPONSIBLE PERSON
a. Sense of Accountability
An accountable person leads by example and doesn’t shift
blame or claim credit for the work of others.

b. Pursuit of Excellence
They finish what they started, overcoming rather than
surrendering to obstacles. They avoid excuses such as, “That‟s
just way I am, “or “it‟s not my job,” or “It was legal,” and always
look for ways to do their work better.

c. Self-Restraint
Responsible people exercise self-control, restraining, gluttony,
greed and fear) for the sake of longer-term vision and better
judgment.
THE SIX (6) PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER
(Source: Josephson Institute- Charactercounts.org.)

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
A. Honesty
B. Loyalty
2. RESPECT
3. RESPONSIBILITY
4. FAIRNESS
5. CARING
6. CITIZENSHIP
FILIPINO INFLUENCES TRAITS
AND CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FILIPINO CHARACTER
FORMATION
By: Sen. Leticia Ramos Shahani

1. Home Environment
2. Social environment
3. Culture and language
4. History
5. Education system
6. Religion
7. Economic environment
8. Political environment
9. Mass media
10. Leadership and role model
THE MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND ATTITUDES OF THE FILIPINO

“POSITIVE TRAITS”
1. Hospitality. Is a trait displayed by every Filipino, characterized by heart-
warming generosity and friendliness exhibited to foreigners and locals alike.

2. Respect. This is often observed-not just by younger people-but also by

people of all ages. In the Philippines, respect for one‟s elders is a tradition.
a. Po and Opo – these words are spoken by the Filipinos when talking
to elders, or in order to show respect to persons in authority. These
Filipino words mean “yes,” when answering or talking to the elders.
b. Pagmamano – another way of showing respect to the elders when
greeting them. This is done by putting their elder‟s hand on their
foreheads.
c. Filipinos also show respect at work by making a bow to their
employers.
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions
-Filipinos vale their families so much that they tend to keep
families intact through the generations.
4. Generosity and Helpfulness
- Filipinos are also well-known for being generous. They share
what they have to the people around them even when they only
have little.
5. Strong work Ethics
-They are always willing to work almost the whole day to provide
the needs of their families.
6. Loving and Caring
- Filipinos are found to be the sweetest and most loving people
in the world.
“NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS”
1. Fatalism (“Bahala Na” or “Come What May” Attitude)
- An attitude of “What Goes Around Comes Around.” Filipinos
have a tendency to surrender the future to luck.
2. Maňana Habit (Procrastination)
True blooded Filipinos have the attitude of causing delays in
accomplishing things or making transactions.
3. Crab Mentality
This is an attitude of some Filipinos where they tend to push
each other down to clear the way for their own gain
4. Hypocrisy
This is a trait of the Filipino where criticism to others failure to
live with the moral standards of the society are inevitable.
5. Ningas Cogon
Most Filipinos are very good at the start when doing something.
Nevertheless, after a few hours or days, that excitement to do
or accomplish something is lost we and become too lazy to
finish what were have started.
6. Tardiness (Filipino Time)
Only in the Philippines that we have the so called “Filipino time‟
but not exactly referring to the Philippine standard time, but
then again we used it to refer to the “tardiness” of the persons
that we are waiting or who keeps on coming late to the set time
schedule of events.
7. Gossiping
Filipinos are fond of talking about others‟ business.

8. Blaming
Filipinos can sometimes be too self-righteous. When
mistakes happen, we do not want to take the blame, we
lack humility to accept our failures, and instead we point
at others.

9. Selfishness (being insensitive of others)

Most Filipinos are insensitive to the needs and
situations of others..
10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions
Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding of the purpose of
laws and ordinances have inability to observe and follow them.
11. Attention Taker
Filipinos are fun and people loving race. Attracting is natural for
them. Nevertheless, it is a different thing to be an “epal” or
“kapalmuks” simply, being an attention grabber.
12. Being Onion-skinned or too sensitive
Another habit or attitude that we need to change is our being too
proud which usually results to being oversensitive. If we think
highly of ourselves, then we have the tendency to put a wall
around us and that a signboard on our forehead saying, “I must
be respected.”
13. Living beyond their means (social climbing)
One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in poverty is
because of overspending. Since most people want to live an elite
lifestyle, many resort to social climbing or living beyond their
means.
14. Passivity (lack of leadership)
Filipinos‟ lack of initiative for change is also one reason why our
country does not progress. We keep on complaining against the
government and other societal issues. However, we do not do
anything about them.
15. Other Negative Traits
Some Filipino women give birth at an early age 16 (teenage Pregnancy).
Some just don‟t mind their own business. Some have many bad habits, like
drinking, smoking, etc. Some poor teenagers engage in prostitution. There
are many broken families
FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY THREE MAIN
TRAITS UNDERGOING FILIPINO VALUES
(Excerpted from the Philippines Australia Business Council)

1. Personalism
Filipinos valued interpersonal relationship. It is firmly believed
that harmonious personal relationship is the key to successful
endeavours.
2. Familialism
Filipinos are family-oriented. Development programs and
projects in the community are concentrated on the family.
3. Particularism
Displayed behaviour by the individuals may it be good or bad is
blamed against the family.
FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION
Values Orientation - is the approach that may influence work or social
relationships by persons relating to objects, events and ideas.

MAIN OBLIGATIONS:
1. Pakikiramay – it is in the Filipino value of going out of the way to help,
without being asked, i.e., unsolicited help.
2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal relations) – regardless whether
someone‟s views are agreeable or not, Filipinos are capable of getting
along with it. Camaraderie, trust, confidence and loyalty are enhanced and
developed by this Filipino value.
3. Bayanihan – as mentioned in the preceding topics, Filipinos are able to
render services and generous enough to extend help without
compensation.
4. Galang (Respect) – Filipinos are basically oriented to reverse to the
opinions of elders, peers, or those in authority, during important discussions
during social encounters.
Nationalism
& Patriotism
What is NATIONALISM ?
– It is an ideology and movement defined by
promoting the interests of a particular nation, in
particular with the aim of acquiring and
maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its
country of origin (Smith, 2010).
Types of Nationalism

1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)

The word “ethnonationalism” is usually used only in relation to
nationalists who support an explicit ideology along these lines;
the more generic word is “ethnic nationalism” and is used by
nationalist who hold such views in an informal, distinctive, or
unsystematic manner.

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)

The state derives political legitimacy from its citizens „active
involvement and the extent to which it reflects the “will of the
individuals.” Civic nationalism lies within the tradition and
liberalism, but it is contrasted with ethnic nationalism as a type
of nationalism.
3. Expansionist Nationalism
A radical form of imperialism that includes
independent, patriotic feelings with a faith in
expansionism, generally through military aggression.

4. Romantic Nationalism
It is otherwise known as organic nationalism and
identity nationalism. Is the form of ethnic nationalism in
which the state derives political legitimacy as a result
and expression of the nation’s natural. It is based on
the presence of a historical ethnic culture that meets
the romantic ideal.
5. Cultural Nationalism
The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic or
ethnic. Chinese nationalism is an instance of cultural
nationalism, partially due to china‟s many national minorities.
Membership in the nation is neither completely voluntary nor
hereditary.
However, a traditional culture can be more readily integrated into
the lives of any person, particularly if the person can obtain his
or her abilities at an early point of his or her own lives.

6. Third World Nationalism

Nationalist feelings are the outcome of opposition to colonial rule
to survive and maintain a domestic identity.
7. Liberal Nationalism
Is a kind of nationalism lately defended by political
philosophers who think that a non-xenophobic form of
nationalism compatible with liberal values of liberty,
tolerance, equality and individual rights can exist (Tamir,
1993, Kymlicka, 1995, Miller, 1995).

8. Religious Nationalism
Nationalism‟s connection to a specific religious faith,
church, or affiliation. It can be seen that a shared religion
contributes to a sense of domestic unity and a mutual
bond between the nation‟s people..
9. Pan – Nationalism
Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country
that is itself a cluster of associated ethnic and
cultural communities (such as Turkish peoples).

10. Diaspora Nationalism

Diaspora is an ethnic population residing outside
their traditional homelands.(the Irish in the United
States, the Jews in the United States and elsewhere,
etc. )
11. Stateless Nationalism
On nationalist basis (e.g. the Catalans and
Basques in Spain) an ethnic or cultural minority
within a nation-state aims independence.

12. National Conversation

A political term, mainly used in Europe, to
describe a version of conservatism that focuses
more on domestic interests than conventional
conservatism, while not being unduly nationalist
or pursuing a far right agenda.
13. Revolutionary Nationalism
Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological
theory that calls for a domestic group united by a
shared sense of intent and destiny, also known
as radical nationalism.

14. Left-Wing Nationalism

Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred to
socialist nationalism, relates to any political
movement combining left-wing or socialism with
nationalism.
What is PATRIOTISM ?
Patriotism or national pride is a sense of love, dedication and
attachment to a country and an alliance with other people who
share the same impression.
- It is a predominant virtue linked to a nation‟s love, with
greater emphasis on values and beliefs.

The English word patriot is first know in the Elizabethan period;

it originated from Latin (6th century) patriota via Middle French,
meaning “countryman,” finally from greek (patriotes), meaning
„from the same nation‟ (patris), meaning “fatherland” (Liddell &
Scott, 2013).
Kinds of Patriotism

1. Patriotism of Duty
This includes fidelity to one‟s nation through material acts. This
is military service patriotism and other selfless sacrifice types.

2. Patriotism of affection
This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about one‟s internal
desire for his country‟s well-being.

3. Patriotism of Manners
This is custom patriotism, written and unwritten. The patriotism
of manners is to place one‟s hand over the heart during the
national anthem.
Types(Level) of Patriotism
1. Personal Patriotism – is emotional and voluntary. The patriot
adheres to certain patriotic values, such as respect for the flag or the
honoring of veterans.
2. Official Patriotism – promoted by the government which has a
high symbolic and ceremonial content. It is a logical consequence of
the state itself which derives legitimacy from being the expression of
the common good of the political community.
3. Symbolic Patriotism – in wartime is intended to raise morale, in
turn contributing to the war effort.
4. Peacetime Patriotism – cannot be so easily linked to a
measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does not see it as
inferior.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM

Patriotism feelings are based on the country‟s

positive values- like liberty, justice and equality. The
patriot thinks that both their country‟s state system and
individuals are inherently good and working together to
achieve a better quality of life.

On the other hand, nationalism emotions are based

on the belief that one‟s nation is superior to all
others. It also holds a connotation of other countries,
distrust or disapproval, leading to the premise that other
states are competitors.
FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement
of our people with the Filipino nation and domestic
community, the Philippines as our country and homeland. It
goes beyond our family, clan, tribe, village, city, province,
religion, local culture and religion. First and foremost, it is
being pro-Filipino; believing that we belong to one body,
mind, soul, and spirit. It’s a pride to be a Filipino; self respect
as a Filipino; pride in our national cultural heritage and
manner of life, with their constraints being realized.
 DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM
To show our sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone must: WORK – ACT – PARTICIPATE –
RESPECT – STAND PROUD – LOVE.

1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity

2. Be Productive
3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country
4. Stand proud for Every Achievement
5. Patronize and Support our own products
6. Preserve the Filipino Culture
7. Respect Everyone and Value Our traditions
8. Speak Out Own Language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our
country
10. Love our family, our neighbours, and our countrymen
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM :

1. The Philippine Flag with red, white, and blue colors and a
yellow sun representing the provinces of the country.
2. Coat of Arms of the Philippines also featuring the yellow
sun with 8rays depicting the original provinces in the
Philippines.
3. Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land)- the Philippine National
Anthem
4. Saampaguita (Jasminum Sambac)- the national flower of
the Philippines; symbolizing purity and simplicity, the flower is
small, white, and pleasantly fragrant.
5. Narra (Pterocarpus) – the national tree of the Philippines;
also known as rosewood, it is strong, sturdy, and durable – a
common rainforest tree.

6. Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) – the Philippines

national bird. It is acknowledge to be severely endangered.
The Philippine eagle is protected by law in the country and
there is extreme punishment for any harm done to them.

7. Dr. Jose P. Rizal – the national hero of the Philippines.

8. Carinosa or Tinikling – the Philippine national dance.

Gracefulness is symbolized by this dance.
9. Carabao (Water Buffalo) - the Philippine national animal. It
symbolizes industriousness and hard work due to its use on
many farms in the country.

10. Bangus (Milk Fish) – the Philippines national fish. It

symbolizes versatility, because of the many ways in which it can
be cooked.

11. Mango – the national fruit. Philippine mangoes are

considered the sweetest fruit in the world.

12. Barong – the Philippine national costume or clothing style

for men –(untucked shirt of thin fabric displaying Chinese, indo-
malayan tropical and hindu influences) for women: Baro‟t Saya
(Skirt and blouse with no collar)
13. “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” are the
Philippine national songs.

14. Arnis – the Philippine national sport (stick fighting).

15. Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia) – the Philippine

national plant. This plant is often used as hat, umbrella,
or fan symbolizing the Filipino‟s resourcefulness.

16. Nipa Hut – the Philippine national house; typically a

small bamboo house with a thatched roof.
 IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS IN
THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
How Some Filipino Illustrados?
The middle class or the “illustrados” were the educated Filipinos who, by
writing essays, articles , novels or publication in news journal called “La
Solidaridad,” campaigned for reform in the colony in a peaceful way. They
were made up of the “principalia” or those belonging to the Spanish or
Chinese mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper class.

Influx of Liberal Ideas

Suez Canal‟s opening shortened the distance between the Philippines
and Spain. This paved the way for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe
brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom and brotherhood and the
establishment of the Spanish republic; more Spaniards came to our nation
and imparted liberal thoughts to the Philippines.
Secularization Movement
The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish
friars was one of the effects of Europe‟s spreading of liberal
ideas.

There are two types of Priest:

1. Regular Priest or Friar Curates - they belong to specific
religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians,
Franciscans, and recollects. Only Spanish priest could be
regular priest.

2. Secular Priest or parish Priest – these priest were not

religious orders and were under the archbishop‟s oversight.
1565
Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines
these are the Augustinian, Recollects, Dominican, and
Franciscan.
Council of Trent – it was stated that Secular priest should
control the parishes relates to deacons and priest who are not
monatics or members of a religious institute. But few secular
priests are accessible because some of them have been sent to
America.
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862) – exposes the discrimination of
Filipino clergys and the racial and national conflict with the friars.

19th Century – majority of the Filipino priest were qualified as

secular priest.
Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada – he was the one
who boost and inspired the secularization movement and leads a liberal
regime in Spain.

Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73) – a governor-general of the Spanish

Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive ruler; replaced Gov. Dela
Torre. He boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand and sword in the
other. He decide to restor old order and repealed the exemption of the
Filipinos from Polo y servicio (force labor of Filipino men in 1580) and
tribute (tax) that the Cavite workers had been enjoying.

January 20, 1872

Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La
Madrid, who took control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against
Spaniards. Gov. Izquierdo sent troops forthwith to quench the rebellion. The
ring leaders were murdered and prosecuted by La Madrid, accusing the
GOMBURZA as the rebellion‟s mastermind.
Francisco Zaldua – a bicolano soldier who testified against the
GOMBURZA

February 17, 1872 – the day of execution of the 3 priest at Luneta

(Bagumbayan)

GOMBURZA – refers to the three martyrs

Issues on the three Priests
1. Fr. Gomez – participated in secularization but no longer active in
1872 and he was already more than 80 years old.
2. Fr. Burgos – involved in the issue of secularization.
3. Fr. Zamora – victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of
arrest was addressed to a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of
Spanish Government at that time.
GomBurZa Execution
The parishes were assigned to regular priests because of the death of
secular priests in the 19th century. The Spaniards wanted the secular priests
to be silenced. Thus, Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto
Zamora- were executed in February 17, 1872 by Garrote after being
implicated as master minds in Cavite Mutiny. At the death of the three priest
the crowd paid respect when they removed their hats and knelt down. The
bells rang all over the city upon the order of Archbishop Melito Martinez.

Garrotte – is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a

tightened iron collar is used to strangle or break a convicted person‟s neck.
It is said to be the form of execution performed to the three priests.

The Importance of 1872, GomBurza Execution

It is considered as the beginning of Filipino nationalism in the Philippine
history because the three priest were innocent yet accepted the brutal
punishment for the nation.
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH CENTURY

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific
writer among the propagandists. His pen names are Dimasalangand
laong laan commonly known and acclaimed as the “Father of Philippine
Nationalism,” due to his intellectual and idealistic support for Philippine
Independence.
MERCELO H. DEL PILAR
Marcelo H. Del Pilar was regarded as the greatest journalist of Reform
movement.
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
He started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing “Fray Botod” (La
hija de fraile) means “Big – bellied Friar.” In his work he revealed the
gluttony, indolence and greediness of friars as represented by Fray Botod.
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS
DR. PEDRO PATERNO
A doctor of law who wrote the novel entitled “Ninay,” the 1st Filipino Novel
that shows the Filipino‟s developed culture.

ANTONIO LUNA
Some of his works are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts
the actual life in the Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo Describe
defects of the educational system for women. His pen name Taga-ilog.

EMILIO JACINTO
Regarded as the “Barin og the Katipunan.” He took up law from
University of Sto. Tomas but he was not able to finish it because of
revolution. He joined katipunan in 1894 under the name of Pingkian. He
wrote kartilla ng katipunan that served as moral and ethical guide for
katipuneros. His other works are Liwanag aat Dilim and La Patria.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
Known to be “Supremo of Katipunan” was one of the founders
of katipunan. He wrote poem, letters, essays and dialogue
while his writings are:
Paig-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – wherein he discussed the
importance of loving motherland.
Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas sa inang Espanya
And dapat mabatid ng tagalong - explained how Philippines
entered an era of darkness under the Spaniards.
He explained in essay the meaning of word tagalog – it did
not only refer to a particular ethnic group but to all inhabitants
who lived near Bodies of water (tags-ilog). Everybody should
be rightfully called Tagalog.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN
The reform movement‟s failure paves the way for a movement that
advocates armed struggle to achieve liberty.

KKK (Kataas-Taasan, kagalang-galangan na katipunan ng mga anak

bayan or katipunan).
This was founded on July 7. 1892,same day that news about Rizal‟s
exile to Dapitan. Deodato Arellano was the first President of katipunero
followed by roman-basa then by Andres Bonifacio. The KKK members
were divided when it increased more than one hundred katipon, kawal,
bayani. Each category has its own password and members undergo
blood compact.

Katipuneros- refers to the sons of the people, used triangle method to

recruit members, where every members should recruit two new
members who would only know each other after passing the initiation
rites.
MODELS OF THE FILIPINO VALUES
1. Exogenous Model or the Foreign Model
A “legal and formal” model is defined as the international
model. Filipinos from western cultures, particularly from the
Spaniards and the Americans, inherited the foreign model.
An example of foreign or exogenous impact is the
bureaucracy displayed in the Philippine government.

2. Indigenous Model or the traditional Model

Described as a traditional and non-formal” model or guide,
the indigenous model is deeply integrated in the Filipinos
„subconscious.
THE FIVE CORE FILIPINO VALUES

1. Magpapasalamat
2. Matatag
3. Masigasig
4. Mapagmalasakit
5. Magalang
RELATED PHILIPPINE LAWS THAT PROMOTES NATIONALISM AND
PATRIOTISM
1. Republic Act No. 10086 – an act strengthening peoples‟ nationalism
through Philippine history by changing the nomenclature of the national
historical institute into the national historical commission of the Philippines,
strengthening its powers and functions, and for other purposes; also known
as the Philippine Cultural heritage Act of 2010.

2. Republic Act 8044 – also known as the youth in Nation-building Act; an

act creating the National Youth Commission, establishing a National
development, Appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes.

3. Republic Act No. 1425 – an act to include in the curricula of all public
and private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other
purposes.
4. Republic Act No. 10390 – an act amending republic act no.
7306, entitled “an act providing for the establishment of the
people‟s television network, incorporated , defining its powers
and functions, providing for its sources of funding and for other
purposes; also known as “an act revitalizing the people‟s
television network incorporated”.

5. Republic Act No. 9512 – approved last December 12,

2008; also known as an act to promote environmental
awareness through environmental education and for other
purposes or the National Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008.
6. The 1987 Constitution
Art. 1(Philippine Territory), Art. II, Art. XIV(Filipino Language,
Preservation of Filipino Arts and Culture), Art. XV(Filipino
Family), Art. XVI( Philippine Flag, Preservation of Indigenous
Cultural Communities)

7. RA 8491 ( Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines)

Prohibited Acts:
*Mutilate, deface, defile, trample, dishonor and
ridicule the flag
*dip the flag to any person or object as way of
compliment or salute
 *Use of Flag:
- as drapery, festoon, tablecloth
- cover for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects
- as pennant of motor vehicles
- as staff or whip
- for unveiling monuments/statues
- trademarks/ for industry, commercial or agricultural
labels/design
*Display the Flag:
-under any painting
- Horizontally Face up
- below any platform
- (Frivolity Place) in discotheques, cockpits, night and day
clubs, casinos
- To wear the Flag as costume/uniform
 *To add anything on the Flag
*To attach the flag on Handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushion
* Display Foreign Flag in public other than
Diplomatic/Embassy Establishments
*Be part of any Informercial/Advertisement
*Display of Flag in front of buildings/offices
occupied by Aliens

Penalty:
Fine not less than 5000 pesos not more than 20 000
pesos or by Imprisonment for not more than 1 year
CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen

in a political society, which membership implies,
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the
member and duty of protection on the part of the state.
Citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is
the member of a democratic community who enjoy full
civil and political rights, and is accorded protection inside
and outside the territory of the state.
MEANING OF SUBJECT AND ALIEN

A citizen is a member of a democratic community

who enjoys full civil and political rights. In
monarchical state, he is often called subject.

An alien is a citizen of a country who is residing in or

passing through another country. He is popularly
called “foreigner”. He is not given the full rights to
citizenship but is entitled to receive protection as to
his person or property.
 GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING
CITIZENSHIP

1. Involuntary method – by birth, because of

blood relationship or place of birth.

2. Voluntary method – by naturalization, except

in case of collective naturalization of the
inhabitants of a territory which takes place when
it is ceded by one state to another as a result of
a conquest or treaty.
WHAT ARE THE MODES IN ACQUIRING PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP?
1. Filipino by birth / natural born Filipino

a. Jus Soli (right of soil) which is the legal principle that a person‟s
nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth (e.g. the territory of
a given state)

b. Jus sanguinis (right of blood) which is the legal principle that, at

birth , an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural parents/s
the Philippine adheres to this principle.

2. Filipino by naturalization / naturalized citizen – which is the judicial

act of adopting a foreigner and clothing him with the privileges of a
native-born citizen. It implies the renunciation of a former nationality and
the fact of entrance into a similar relation towards a new body.
CLASSIFICATION OF FILIPINO CITIZENS
(Article IV, Section 1, Philippine Constitution)

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time

of the adoption of this constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the
Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching
the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
 THREE WAYS OF ACQUIRING BY
NATURALIZATION

1. By judgment of the court

2. By direct act of congress
3. By administrative proceeding
WHO MAY QUALIFY AS PHILIPPINE CITIZEN BY
NATURALIZATION UNDER THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION ACT?
1. He must not be less than twenty- one years of age on the
day of the hearing of the petition;

2. He must have resided in the Philippines for a continues

period of not less than ten years;

3. He must be of good moral character and believes in the

principles underlying the Philippine constitution, and must
have conducted himself in a proper and irreproachable manner
during the entire period of his residence in the Philippines in his
relation with the constituted government as well as with the
community in which he is living;
4. He must own real state in the Philippines worth not less
than five thousand pesos, Philippine currency, or must have
some known lucrative trade, profession or lawful
occupation.
5. He must be able to speak or write English or Spanish or
anyone of the principal languages;

6. He must have enrolled his minor children of school age in

any of the public and private schools recognized by the
Bureau of Public Schools of the Philippines were Philippine
history, government and civics are taught or prescribed as part
of the school curriculum, during the entire period of the
residence in the Philippines required of him prior to the hearing
of the petition for naturalization as Philippine citizen.
 WHO ARE NOT QUALIFIED TO APPLY FOR
NATURALIZATION OF THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION LAW?
1. Persons opposed to organized government or
affiliated with any association or group of persons who
uphold and teach doctrines opposing all organized
governments;
2. Persons defending or teaching the necessity or
propriety of violence, personal assault, or assassination
for the success and predominance of their ideas;
Polygamists or believers in the practice of polygamy;
3. Persons convicted of crimes involving moral
turpitude;
4. Persons suffering from mental alienation or incurable
contagious diseases;

5. Persons who during the period of their stay in the Philippines,

have not mingled socially with the Filipinos, or who have not
evinced a sincere desire to learn and embrace the customs,
traditions, and ideals of the Filipino‟s;

6. Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the Philippines

is at war.

7. Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United

States, whose laws do not grant Filipino’s the right to
become naturalized citizens or subject thereof;
LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

1. Voluntary
a. By naturalization in a foreign country.
b. By express renunciation of citizenship (Expatriation)
c. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and
law of foreign country.
d. By rendering service to or accepting commission in the armed forces of
a foreign country.

The voluntary loss or renunciation of one‟s nationality is called

EXPATRIATION.

2. Involuntary
A. By cancellation of his certificate of naturalization by the court.
B. By having been declared by competent authority a deserter of the
Philippine armed forces in times of war.
 WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR REACQUIRING
LOST PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP?

1. By naturalization

2. By repatriation – affected by merely taking the

necessary oath of allegiance to the republic of the
Philippines and registering the same in the proper
civil registry.

3. By direct act of congress

RETENTION AND QCQUISITION OF CITEZENSHIP
Under R.A. 9225 otherwise known as the “Citizenship
Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003‟ which was
approved in August 29, 2003, natural born citizens of the
Philippines who have lost their Philippine Citizenship by
reason of naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are
deemed to have reacquired Philippine citizenship upon
taking an oath of allegiance to the Philippine republic.
OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

I ------------------, solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will

support and defend the constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines and obey the laws and legal orders
promulgated by the duly constituted authorities of the
Philippines; and I hereby declare that I recognize and
accept the supreme authority of the Philippines and will
maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; and that I
impose this obligation upon myself without mental
reservation or purpose of evasion.
DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP
The unmarried child, whether legitimate illegitimate or adopted, below
18 years of age, of those who reacquire Philippine citizenship upon
effectivity of the Act shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines

CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES

Those who shall retain or re-acquire Philippine citizenship under the Act
shall enjoy full civil and political rights and be subject to all attendant
liabilities and responsibilities under existing laws of the Philippines and the
following conditions:

1. Those intending to exercise their right of suffrage must meet the

requirement under section 1, Article V of the Philippine Constitution,
RA 9189 otherwise known as the Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003
and other existing laws.
2. Those seeking elective public office in the Philippines shall
meet the qualification for holding such public office as
required by the Constitution and existing laws and, at the time
of filing of the certificate of candidacy, make a personal and
sworn renunciation of any and all foreign citizenship before any
public officer authorized to administer oath;

3. Those appointed to any public office shall subscribe and

swear to an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the
Philippines and its duly constituted authorities prior to their
assumptions of office. They must renounce their oath of
allegiance to the foreign country where they took that oath;
4. Those intending to practice their profession in the
Philippines shall apply with the proper authority for a
license or permit to engaged in such practice; and

5. The right to vote or be elected or appointed to any public

office in the Philippines cannot be extended to those who:

a. Are candidates for or are occupying any public office in the

country of which they are naturalized citizens; and / or
b. Are in active service as commissioned or non-
commissioned officers in the armed forces of the country of
which they are naturalized
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF MARRIAGE OF A CITIZEN TO
AN ALIEN?
1. Under section 4, a Filipino citizen who marries an alien
does not automatically lose his her citizenship, even if his or
her nationality was granted by his or her husband’s wife’s
country.

2. Only by their act or omission are they deemed under the

law to have renounced their citizenship such as taking an
oath of allegiance to a foreign country.

3. If a Filipino woman marries an alien and acquires her

husband’s citizenship, she will possess two citizenships,
Philippine citizenship and that of her husband.
WHAT IS AN ALLEGIANCE?
Allegiance is loyalty owed by a person to his state.
Section 5 prohibits more particularly naturalized
Filipinos from practicing what is called “dual
allegiance” declaring it inimical to national interests.

Dual citizenship refer to the possession of two

citizenships and that of the country where he
became a naturalized citizen. It arises because our
laws cannot control laws of other states on
citizenship but dual allegiance can be a matter of
personal choice or decision.
 WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND OBLIGATION
OF THE CITIZENS?
1. To be loyal to the republic
2. To defend the state
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of
the state
4. To uphold the constitution and obey the laws
5. To cooperate with the duly constituted
authorities
6. To exercise rights responsively with due regards
to the rights of others
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote