CFLM – 1

Character Formation, Nationalism, and Patriotism

What is Character?

Character comes ultimately from the Greek -charaktēr (“mark, distinctive

quality”), which passed through Latin and French before landing in English.
✓ The Greek noun itself is derived from the verb charassein, meaning “to
sharpen, cut in furrows, or engrave.”
✓ The inherent complex of attributes that determine a person moral and ethical
actions and reactions.
✓ Character is a psychological notion that refers to all the habitual ways of
feeling and reacting that distinguish one individual from another.
Why is Character Important?
✓ Warren Bennis says, “that after vision and passion, INTEGRITY (character) is
the most basic fundamental competency to be a leader.” He further points out
that Integrity is the basis of TRUST.

What are Characteristics of Character?

✓ - Honesty - Integrity
✓ - Respect - Unselfish
✓ - Fairness - Courageous
✓ - Inspiring - Tact
✓ - Caring - Citizenship
✓ - Confident - Competent
✓ - Responsibility - Trustworthiness

Who Cares About Character?

✓ The Age of Accountability
✓ The Importance of Family Values
What is the most important the character or the physical attraction?
✓ Initially, it's physical attraction. But once you get to know the person, character
becomes more important.Physical attraction is what first draws interest, but
after the initial encounter, character is ultimately what keeps the flame
burning. Character is definitely more important.

What are the Types of Characters?

These are the common types of characters we see in literature.

✓ Round characters
✓ Flat characters
✓ Dynamic characters
✓ Static characters
➢ Round Characters - Round characters have various characteristics or traits. A
round character can change or grow. Readers see more than one side of a
round character.
➢ Flat Characters - Readers see one side of a flat character. Flat characters are
usually minor characters and reveal one or two traits. Flat characters may be
used as a contrast to a major character.
➢ Dynamic Characters - Characters who develop and change are not only round
characters, but often dynamic.
Ex: Scrooge changes from a tight-fisted, greedy unhappy man to one
who was generous and love life.Gru changes from a villain set on
destroying the world to a loving father.
➢ Static Characters - Static characters are one dimensional—readers see only
one side. Static characters stay the same and do not develop.Readers learn
little about this character.Staticcharacters are flat characters.

What is the distinction between Protagonist and Antagonist?

The Protagonist is central to the action of a story and moves against the
antagonist. (The Main Character), while the Antagonist is the villain or a force
which opposes the protagonist.
 The Six (6) Pillars of Characters
✓ Trustworthiness
✓ Respect
✓ Responsibility
✓ Citizenship
✓ Caring
✓ Fairness
➢ Trustworthiness - Work with little supervision, yet seek guidance as
needed. Be honest, reliable, and ethical in all dealings. Refuse to steal,
misuse or abuse company time, property or equipment. Refuse to lie, cheat,
deceive, manipulate, exploit or take advantage of others.
➢ Respect - Value and honor all people. Respect the dignity, privacy and
freedom of all. Use good manners. Be courteous and polite. Listen to and
communicate openly with others. Be friendly and cooperative.
➢ Responsibility - Show initiative. Pay attention to detail. Pursue excellence.
Be loyal .Strive to improve abilities, learn new skills and take on broader
responsibilities. Be accountable. Fulfill commitments, persevere and get the
job done.
➢ Citizenship - Understand and contribute to the organization. Take care of
equipment and resources. Pursue life-long learning. Volunteer without
expectation of recognition or reward. Be a role model and mentor to new
employees.
➢ Caring - Strive for harmonious, mutually beneficial relationships. Show
kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of others. Express gratitude. Show
personal concern for others. Take time to help others. Be kind. Be kind. Be
kind.
➢ Fairness - Listen. Know your job. Communicate honestly. Consider all
stakeholders and the possible short- and long-term consequences of
decisions. Be free of bias, just, without favoritism or prejudice. Use tact and
courtesy. Share knowledge, ideas and skills with others.

Building a strong character…

✓ Everything that happens to us happens in purpose. And sometimes, one thing
leads to another.
✓ Instead of locking yourself up in your cage of fears and crying over past
heartaches, embarrassment and failures treat them as your teachers and
they will become your tools in both self-improvement and success.
 When does self-improvement become synonymous with success?
Where do we start?
✓ Stop thinking and feeling as if you’re a failure, because you’re not. How can
others accept you if YOU can’t accept YOU?
✓ When you see hunks and models on TV, think more on self-improvement, not
self-pitying. Self-acceptance is not just about having nice slender legs, or
great abs. Concentrate on inner beauty.
✓ When people feel so down and low about themselves, help them move up.
Don’t go down with them. They’ll pull you down further and both of you will
end up feeling inferior.
✓ The world is a large room for lessons, not mistakes. Don’t feel stupid and
doomed forever just because you failed on a science quiz. There’s always a
next time. Make rooms for self-improvement.
✓ Take things one at a time. You don’t expect black sheep’s to be goody two
shoes in just a snap of a finger. Self-improvement is a one day at a time
process.
✓ Self-improvement results to inner stability, personality development and
SUCCESS. It comes from self-confidence, self-appreciation and self-esteem.
✓ Set meaningful and achievable goals. It hopes and aims to result to an
improved and better YOU.
✓ Little things mean BIG to other people. Sometimes, we don’t realize that the
little things that we do like a pat on the back, saying “hi” or “hello”,
greeting someone “good day” or telling Mr. Smith something like “hey, I love
your tie!” are simple things that mean so much to other people.
✓ When we’re being appreciative about beautiful things around us and other
people, we also become beautiful to them.
CONTRIBUTION FACTORS FOR CHARACTER FORMATION
1. Parental Influence
Parental influence is the most important of all the factors responsible for
personality development. The way parents behave with the child, how much he is
allowed to socialize, the kind of culture he is subjected to by them, and the
emotional make up of his parents, all these have a great bearing on the child’s
mental growth. In early stage of their human existence, children adapt their parent’s
mannerisms. Thus, parents should be careful in their ways for they establish a great
influence to their children’s character.
2. Home Environment
Home as cradle of human character and personality largely contribute to the
characters formation of a child. It is said that the parents are the first educators of
the children. It is their parental guidance and discipline that creates the kind of
character, personality and attitude the child has.
 Parents should make sure that the child incorporates the positive emotions in
his personality and stays away from the negative ones. A child needs both his
parents, to develop his personality. An absentee father can be a negative influence
on the child. To make a child a confident positive person, parents should avoid
being too authoritative, trying to discipline excessively, criticizing the child,
discouraging him, comparing him with others, and being partial.
3. School Environment
To perfect the total development of a child’s character and attitude, besides the
home environment, a child’s school environment too plays a major role in shaping a
child’s personality. Once a child starts going to school, he learns how to interact
and deal with his peers. He comes to know how to engage in “playing” according to
the rules and regulations. He gets educated, learns how to read, write and
communicate effectively. A child’s personality is greatly influenced by the way he
is treated at school, both by his teachers as well as his peers. The school reinforce
the education that the child needs that home fails to provide.
4. Culture
Everyone has different character and values because of his different cultures
where everyone is exposed. Sociologist found out that different cultures have
different values and a child grows up with them, sub-consciously absorbing the
same. Influence of culture in personality and social development cannot be ignored.
Those who were born and grown up in western countries are influenced to be
individualistic and competitive, while those children brought up in Asia, Africa and
South American countries are taught to be cooperative.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FILIPINO CHARACTERS FORMATION

By: Sen. Leticia Ramos Shahani
1. Home environment
2. Social environment
3. Culture and language
4. History
5. Educational system
6. Religion
7. Economic environment
8. Political environment
9. Mass media
10. Leadership and role model
DETERMINING CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY TYPES
Five Factors that Determine Character or Personality Traits.
1. Openness: appreciation for a variety of experience.
2. Conscientiousness: Planning ahead rather than being spontaneous.
3. Extraversion: being sociable energetic and talkative.
4. Agreeableness: being kind sympathetic and happy to help.
5. Neuroticism: inclined to worry or be vulnerable or temperamental
Infancy, toddler-hood, preschool and school age are the various phases that a
child passes through and each of these stages has its own share of problems and
challenge, which a child has to overcome, with his parent’s assistance, to turn out to
be a well-developed personality.
GENERAL TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Positive Characters / Good Characters / Positive Trait-These are attributes such as
integrity, honesty, courage, loyalty, fortitude, and other important virtues that promote
good behavior and habits, Further, it is said that:
a. Being honest and taking responsibility for your actions are admirable qualities.
b. Adaptability and compatibility are great traits that can help you get along with others.
c. Drive and determination will help you keep going no matter what.
d. Compassion and understanding mean you relate well to others.
e. Patience is a virtue and also a good personality trait.
f. Courage will help you what’s right in tough situations.
g. Loyalty is good quality to possess, making others trust you.
2. Negative Character / Negative Character / Negative Trait-A person’s
predisposition to commit evil acts.
a. A propensity for lying, in order to avoid responsibility for us actions,, is a deplorable
quality.
b. Being rigid and selfish, unyielding to the needs of others are not endearing qualities.
c. Being full of laziness and excuses is sure to drive other away, too.
d. A hot temper and an inability to empathize with others will also alienate us from
others.
e. Being quick to anger will turn people away.
f. Being disloyal, quick to talk about others behind their backs or, worse, stab them in
the back for personal gain also falls high on the scale of negative personality traits.
3. Neutral Character / Neutral Traits- Commonly used to describe a person who
doesn’t pick sides in disputes; neutral also pegs anything that refuse to be bold.
a. Judges, for example, must remain totally neutral when hearing a case.
b. Manners mavens say that it’s best to remain neutral when topics like politics and
religion come up during a party.
c. Boxers can look to the neutral corners in the ring to escape a punch.
TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Self-realized Characters. A person with this type of character is ever enthusiastic for
he knows his potentialities and limitation. This sort of a character is ansociety in
which person lives.
2. Covetous Character. This refers to a jealous or acquisitive character. It is held that,
person with greed will endeavour to go all out in collecting worldly possessions and
 fulfilling his personal petty ambitions by adopting any means open to him even
crossing all the limits of moral and ethical limits.
3. Superstitions Character. In a way all are superstitious but when were over
superstitious then problem starts. It is not merely bad for the individual concerned but
also for those who come in contact with this unpredictable person, who may change
his tag any moment thus leaving everybody around in the lurch. Too much reliance on
superstitions also robs us scientific temper and forward looking approach in our life.
But we should not compare superstitious and traditionalists.
4. Egoistic/Overbearing/Bossy/Tall-Talker. The person who thinks that world runs
due to him and everything and everybody should respect him as such. His overbearing
and bossy disposition puts him in the category of hard-to-please (fastidious).This
person learns his lesson after something. This fellow with ‘I DAMN CARE
ATTITUDE’ heardly cares for others. This sort of egocentric is the bane of any
society, irrespective of their status in the society.
5. Anti-social Character. A person who neither cares for the norms set by the society
nor cares for the moral or ethical values is a the anti social character. This character
is both a sinner and a criminal. He could also be termed as an offense besides being
abusive on even a pettiest pretext. This anti social behaviour cuts him off from the
community in which he is living and has to fend for himself ultimately for his acts of
omissions and commissions.
6. Insincere Character. When a person does something good for us, we express our
sincere thanks and go extra mile in being sincere to that person in whatever way it is
possible for us. Contrarily, a person who thinks other is there for serving him and is
without any warmth in the feeling for others. Think like person is not only ainsincere
to his own family, society and even to the Creator who had created him!
7. Complacent Character. We all should have confidence on ourselves. It is good for
day to day functioning of our society. But when we cross the threshold of confidence
and step into realm of complacency then problem starts. A person who imbibes this
trait finally faces ignoble defeat for being so and learns a lesson.

THE SIX PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER

(Source: Josephson Institute- charactercounts.org)
1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
This is the pillar of good character that is considered the most complicated
of the six core ethical values and concerns a variety of qualities like honesty,
integrity, and loyalty.
a. Honesty
There is no more fundamental ethical value than honesty. Honesty is
associated with honor. Thus, a person of honesty is a person of honor and he is
admired and trusted because of his being straightforward.
DIMENSIONS OF HONESTY
1. Truthfulness. Presenting the facts to the best of our knowledge. Take note that, intent
is the crucial distinction between truthfulness and truth itself. Being wrong is not the
same thing as lying, although honest mistake can still damage trust insofar as they
may show sloppy judgment.
2. Sincerity. One must observe genuineness, being without trickery or duplicity for it
precludes all acts, including half truths, out of context statements, and even silence,
that are intended to create beliefs or leave impressions that are untrue or misleading.
3. Candor. In relationships involving legitimate expectations of trust, honesty may also
require candour, forthrightness and frankness imposing the obligation to volunteer
information that another person needs to know.
4. Integrity. Persons of integrity are those who acts according to his beliefs, not
according to expediency. He is also consistent. There is no difference in the way he
makes decisions from situation to situation; his principles don’t vary at work or at
home, in public or alone.
5. Reliability. (Promise Keeping). Reliable persons are those who keep their promises
for he believe that doing so create legitimate basis for another person to rely on him,
and that he undertake special moral duties. They accept the responsibility of making
all reasonable efforts to fulfil their commitments. Because promise keeping is such an
important aspect of trustworthiness.

CONSIDERATIONS TO MAINTAIN RELIABILTY

1. Avoid Bad Faith Excuses
Interpret your promises fairly and honestly.
Don’t try to rationalize non-compliance.
2. Avoid Unwise Commitments
Before making a promise consider carefully whether you are willing and likely
to keep it. Think about unknownor future events that could make it difficult,
undesirable or impossible. Sometimes, all we can promise is to do our best.
3. Avoid Unclear Commitments
Be sure that when you make a promise, the other person understands what you
are committing to do.
b. Loyalty.
To be trusted one must be loyal to his or husband or wife, friends, employer,
organization, citizen, and country.
2. RESPECT
The Golden Rule in Human Relation, “Do unto others as you would have them
do unto you,” perfectly illustrates “respect.” When respect is observed we
would prevent and pre-empt violence, humiliation, manipulation and
 exploitation. It reflects notions such as civility, courtesy, decency, dignity,
autonomy, tolerance and acceptance.

QUALITIES OF RESPECTFUL PERSON

1. Ability to Listen – when somebody is talking he is attentively listening

2. Treats Others with Consideration – Respectful person doesn’t resort
intimidation, coercion, or violence expect in extraordinary and limited
situations to defend others, teach discipline, maintain order or achieve social
justice.
3. Capable of Accepting Individual differences and Belief – respectful
individuals without prejudice openly accepts principles and ideologies of
others.

QUALITIES OF A RESPONSIBLE PERSON

1. Sense of Accountable – an accountable person leads by example and

doesn’t shift blame or claim credit for the work of others. He considers the
likely consequences of his behavior and associations.
2. Pursuit of Excellence – Responsible person shows diligence what he is
doing, careful in actions, prepared and informed. They finish what they
started, overcoming rather than surrendering to obstacles.
3. Self-Restraint – Responsible people exercise self-control, restraining
passions and appetites such as lust, hatred, greed, and fear for the sake of
longer-term vision and better judgement

CHARACTER TRAITS
1. Alertness- Being aware of what is taking place around
2. Attentiveness – Showing the worth of a person or task by giving undivided
concentration
3. Availability – Making own schedule and priorities secondary to the wishes of those
being served
4. Benevolence – Giving to others basics need without the motivation for acquiring
personal rewards
5. Boldness- Confidence that what is say or do is true, right, and just.
6. Cautiousness- Knowing how important right timing is in accomplishing right
actions.
7. Compassion – Investing whatever is necessary to heal the hurts of others
8. Contentment – Realizing that true happiness does not depend on material
conditions
9. Creativity – Approaching a need, a task or an idea from a new perspective
10. decisiveness – the ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.
11. Deference – Limiting freedom so not to offend the tastes of others
12. Dependability- Fulfilling what is consented to do, even it means unexpected
sacrifice
13. Determination – Purposing to accomplish right goals at the right time, regardless
of the opposition
14. Diligence- Investing time and energy to complete each task assigned
15. Discernment- understanding the deeper reasons why thighs happen.
16. Discretion- Recognizing and avoiding words, action, and attitudes that could
bring undesirable consequences
17. Endurance – the inward strength to withstand stress and do the best.
18. Enthusiasm- Expressing joy in doing and accomplishing each tasks.
19. Faith- Confidence that action rooted in good character will yield the best
outcome, even when it’s not personally observed
20. Flexibility – willingness to change plans or ideas according to the direction of the
authorities
21. forgiveness – Clearing the record of those who have wronged and not holding a
grudge.
22. Generosity – Carefully managing resources to be capable of freely giving to those
in need.
23. Gentleness – Showing consideration and personal concern for others
24. Gratefulness – letting others know by one’s word and actions how they have
benefited one’s life
25. Honor – Respecting those in leadership because of the higher authorities they
represent
26. Hospitality – Cheerful sharing of food, shelter, conversation to benefit others
27. Humility – Acknowledging that achievement result from the investment of others
in one’s life
28. Initiative – Recognizing and doing what needs to be done before being asked to
do it
29. Joyfulness – Maintaining a good attitude even when faced with unpleasant
conditions
30. Justice – taking personal responsibility to uphold what is pure, right, and true.
31. Loyalty – Using difficult times to demonstrate commitment to those being served.
32. Meekness – Yielding personal rights and expectation with a desire to serve
33. obedience – Quickly and cheerfully carrying out direction of the superior.
34. Orderliness – Arranging self and surroundings to achieve greater efficiency
35. Patience – Accepting a difficult situation without giving a deadline to remove it
36. Persuasiveness – guiding vital truths another’s mental roadblocks
37. Punctuality – Showing esteem for others by doing the right thing at the right
time
38. Resourcefulness – Finding practical uses for that which others would overlook or
discard
39. Responsibility – knowing and doing what is expected.
40. Security – structuring ones life around that which cannot be destroyed or taken
away
41 Self Control – Rejecting wrong desires and doing what is right
42. Sensitivity – Perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of others
43. Sincerity – Eagerness to do what is right with transparent motives
44. Thriftiness – allowing one self and others to spend only what is necessary
45. Tolerance – realizing that everyone is at varying levels of character development
46. Virtue – the Moral excellence evident in one’s life as doing wat is right.
47. Wisdom – seeing and responding to life situations from a perspective that
transcends current circumstances.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Philippine Commission on women defined Gender and Development as the
development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable,
sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self
determination and actualization of human potentials.
Gender and Development (GAD) approach focuses on the socially constructed
basis of differences between men and women and emphasizes the need to challenge
existing gender roles and relations.
GAD was developed in the 1980’s as an alternative to the Woman in
Development (WID) approach. Unlike WID and GAD approach is not concerned
specifically with women, but with the way in which a society assigns roles,
responsibilities and expectations to both women and men. GAD applies gender
analysis to uncover the ways in which men and women work together,
presenting results in neutral terms of economics and efficiency.
The World Bank was one of the first international organizations to recognize the
need for women in Development, appointing a WID Adviser in 1977.In 1984 the bank
mandated that is programs consider women’s issues. In 1994 the bank issued a policy
paper on Gender and Development, reflecting current thinking on the subject.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT RELATED LAWS AND ISSUANCES IN
THE PHILIPPINES.
Philippine Plan for Gender and Development, 1995-2025
National Plan that addresses provides and pursues full equality and development
for men and women. Approach and adopted by former President Fidel V. Ramos as
Executive No 273, on September 8, 1995, it is the successor of the Philippines
Development Plan for Women, 1989-1992 adopted by Executive No. 348 of February
17, 1989.
Republic Act No. 9710(Magna Carta of Women)
Approved on August 14, 2009, which mandates for non-discriminatory and pro-
gender equality and equity measures to enable women’s participation in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies and plan for national, regional
and local development.
Memorandum Circular No. 2011-01 dated October 21, 2011
Addressing to all Government Departments including their attached agencies,
offices, bureaus, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government Owned and
Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) and all other government instrumentalities as their
guidelines and procedures for the establishment, strengthening
and institutionalization of the Gender and Development (GAD) Focal points System
(GFPS).
Republic Act 7877- Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995.
It is an “Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful in the Employment,
Education or Training Environment, and for other purposes” was approved on
February 14, 1995 and became effective on March 5, 1995.
Republic Act 9262-Anti Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004.
It protects the family and its members particularly women and children from
violence and threats to their personal safety and security.”
Republic Act 7192-Women in Development and Nation Building Act.
Act provides guidance and measures that will mobilize and enhance participation
of women in the development process in ways equal to that of men.
Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013
Directing all concerned government agencies to adopt the Gender Equality
Guidelines in the development of their respective Media Policies and Implementing
Programs in order to promote gender mainstreaming.
Republic Act 10354
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or the RH
Law. It is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on
contraception, fertility control, sexual education and maternal care.
1987 Philippines Constitution (Article II Sec. 140
The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the
FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before the law of women and men.
SEX AND GENDER: HOW DO THEY DIFFER?
Gender. Refers to the specific set of characteristics that identifies the
social behaviour of women and men and the relationship between them Gender
alludes not simply to women or men but the relationship between them and the way it
 is socially constructed. Since gender biases exist and these biases prevent people from
attaining their full potentials, development is impeded.
SEX GENDER
Categorized as male or female Masculinity and femininity
Biological Socially, culturally and historically determined
Fixed at Birth Learned through socialization
Does not change across time and space Varies over time and space
Equally valued Unequally valued (masculinity as the norm)

1. Race. Each of the major division of humankind, having distinct physical

characteristics.
2. Ethnicity. The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national
or cultural tradition.
3. Social Class. A division of a society based on social and economic status; upper class,
new money, middle class, working class, working poor, and poverty level.
4. Religion. A particular system of faith and worship.
5. Geographical Region. A demarcated area of the Earth.
COMMON MYTHS ABOUT GENDER
1. If a father does the household work, he is considered as “under the saya.”
2. Men are better leaders and administrators than women.
3. It is the woman’s fault if she is being harassed sexually when she is wearing skimpy
clothing.
4. It is not proper for a girl to say “I Love You” first to a boy.
5. The mother should be the only one responsible for child-rearing and parenting.
TERMS RELATED TO GENDER
1. Socialization. Is the process by which social norms, roles and expectations are
learned and internalized.
2. Gender Socialization. Is the process by which norms and expectations in relation to
gender are learned by women and men.
3. Gender stereotype. A form of prejudgment, bias or limitation given to roles and
expectations of males and females. These may affect the gender equality and
inequality in the society.
4. Gender equality. Gives men and women the entitlement to all aspect of human
development.
5. Gender inequality. Refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individual based on
their gender.
GENDER STEREOTYPE INVOLVES THE DIFFERENTIATIONS
Attributed by a given culture to women and men, in the following aspects:
1. Social Roles
2. Capacities
3. Traits And Characteristics
 1. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN SOCIAL ROLES BETWEEN MEN AND
WOMEN
MEN WOMEN
Provides financially for the family Take care of the house and children
Works as managers, constructions builders or engineers Work as a nurse, teacher, secretary
Portrayed as leaders Portrayed as followers
2. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN CAPACITIES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
MEN WOMEN
Good in math and science Good in arts and less intellectual pursuits
Physically strong Physically weaker and fragile
Firm decision makers Wish-washy of fickle minded in decision making
3. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN
MEN AND WOMEN
MEN WOME
N
Active passive
aloof loving
aggressive peaceful
independent dependent
brave fearful
AREAS OR CHANNEL OF SOCIALIZATION
According to Dr. Ralph G. Perrino (2000), family, school, peers, mass media, public
opinion, and religion play a major role in the socialization and ultimately, the
education process.
A. FAMILY
In the context of human society, a family (from Latin: familia) is a group of
people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by
marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (relatives and servants). It is
most societies, the family is the principal institution for the socialization of
children.
TWO TYPES OF FAMILY
1. Immediate family. May include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons, and
daughters.
2. Extended family. May include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces,
and siblings-in law. Something these are also considered members of the immediate
family, depending on an individual’s specific relationship with them.
GENDER CLASSIFICATIONS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
1. Matrifocal Family. This kind of family occurs commonly where women have the
resources to rear their children by themselves or where men are more mobile than
women; opposite of patrifocal family.
2. Patriarchal Family. Is a family in which the father is considered head of household;
this is true regardless of which parent is the primary breadwinner (in a household with
a working mom and stay at home dad; also know as father centered family or father
dominated family;opposite of matriarchal family.
3. Conjugal Family, Nuclear Family, Single Family. A traditional form of family that
includes only the husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are not of age.
4. Avuncular Family. A family composed of a grandparents, a brother, his sister, and
her children.
5. Childless Family. Is sometimes the forgotten family,” as it does not meet the
traditional standards set by society.Childless families consist of a husband and wife
living and working together. Many childless families take on the responsibility of pet
ownership or have nephews as a substitute for having their own children.
6. Extended Family. Family that extend beyond the nuclear family, including
grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one
household.
7. Family of Choice, Chosen Family. Is common within the LGBT community, both in
academic literature and in colloquial vocabulary. It refers to the group of people in a
individual’s life that satisfies the typical role of family as a support system.
8. Blended Family or Stepfamily. Describes families with mixed parents: one or both
parents remarried, bringing children of the former family into the new family.
9. Monogamous Family. In this case, an individual has only one (official) partner
during their lifetime or at any one time.
10. Polygamous Family. A family composed of a marriage that includes more than two
partners (polygamous).
a. Polygamy. A man is married to more than one wife at a time which is common in
some parts of Middle East and Africa and is often associated with Islam;
b. Polyandry. When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time;
traditionally practiced in areas of the Himalayan mountains, among Tibetans in Nepal,
in part of China and in parts of northern India.
c. Fraternal Polyandry. Where two or more brothers are married to the same wife.
d. Polyamory. If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives; group or conjoint
marriage.
PROCESSES INVOLVED IN GENDER SOCIALIZATION IN
THE FAMILY (Ruth Hartley)
1. Manipulation. Means that people handle girls and boys differently as infants.
a. Mothers tend to use more physical stimulation on male infants and more verbal
stimulation on female infants.
b. Boys babies are tossed in the air.
c. Girl babies get more delicate handling.
2. Canalization. Means that people direct children’s attention to gender-appropriate
object.
a. Choice of toys, boys are given toy cars and machines;
b. Girls are given dolls and tea sets.
c. Toys teach children what their prescribed roles in life will be
3. Verbal Appellation. Telling children what they are and what is expected of them.
a. Brave boy, pretty girl
b. Boys don’t cry, girls don’t hit playmates
4. Activity exposure. Familiarizing children to their gender appropriate tasks
a. Girls help their mother with housework.
b. Boys are encouraged to play outside the house.
B. CHURCH RELIGION
It is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate
humanity to spirituality and moral values. The practice of a religion may also
include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration of a deity, gods or
goddesses, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, initiations, funerary services,
matrimonial services, meditation, prayers, music, art, dance, public service or other
aspects of human culture.
EFFECTS OF RELIGION
1. Regular attendance at religious services is linked to healthy, stable family life, strong
marriages, and well-behaved children.
2. Religious worship also leads to a reduction in the incidence of domestic abuse, crime,
substance abuse, and addiction.
3. In addition, religious practice can increase physical and physical and mental health,
longevity, and education attainment.
C. MASS MEDIA
These are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large
audience by mass communication. It has an immense impact on young minds. With
the advent of the Internet, television now has a partner in the role of visual
stimulant of young minds. The culture portrayed by the mass media emphasizes
glamour, sexual satisfactions and promiscuity, comedic vulgarity, violence, and
immediate gratification of needs.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA IN SOCIALIZATION
1. Media’s sexualization of young female celebrities
2. Video games that promote violence and negative stereotypes.
3. Music lyrics and music videos that promote negative stereotypes and violence
4. Sex stereotypes in kid’s TV program
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MASS MEDIA
1. Broadcast Media. Such as radio, recorded music, film and television transmit their
information electronically.
2. Print Media. Use a physical object such as a newspaper, book pamphlet or comics, to
distribute their information.
3. Outdoor Media. Is a form of mass media that comprises billboards signs or placards
placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops
and buses.Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes),
blimps and skywriting
4. Public Speaking and Event Organising. can also be considered as forms of mass
media.
5. Digital media. Comprises both internet and mobile mass communication. Internet
media provides many mass media services, such as email websites, blogs and internet
based radio and television.
D. SCHOOL
It is an institution for educating children, any institution at which instruction is
given in a particular discipline, a group of people. It is an artificial institution set up
for the purpose of socialization and cultural transmission. The school can be
regarded as a formally constituted community as opposed to mutual communities.
HOW THE SCHOOL PERFORMS THE FUNCTION OF SOCIALIZATION?
1. Through the curriculum, the school in a formal way provides the child with:
a. Knowledge of basic intellectual skills such as reading, writing, verbal expression,
quantitative and other cognitive abilities,
b. Education teaches languages and allows people communicate with each other
according to positions in society.
c. Cultural achievements of one’s society.
d. Opportunities to acquire social and vocational abilities which are necessary in order to
make one a social, useful and economically productive member of the society.
e. Gender roles as perceived as suitable roles by the society.
2. Education system socialize student to become member of society to play meaningful
roles in the complex network of independent positions.
3. Education helps in shaping values and attitudes to the needs of the contemporary
society.
4. Education widens the mental horizons of pupils and teacher the new ways of
looking at themselves and their society.
5. Education offers young people opportunities for intellectual, emotional and social
growth.Thus education can be influential in promoting new values and stimulating
adaptation of changing conditions.
6. Informally and especially through social clubs, the school enables the child to learn a
number of other social roles and skills which are also important for his her overall
development as a member of society.
a. Education teaches the laws, traditions and norms of the community the rights that
individuals will enjoy and the responsibilities that they will undertake.
b. Education teaches how one is to behave toward his her play-mates and adults.
c. Education teaches how to share things and ideas.
d. Education teaches how compete responsibly
e. Schooling teaches how cooperate.
f. Schooling instills the community’s pattern of respect; thus how to relate to others well
and obey rules.
g. Schooling enables one to internalize the culture of one’s society.
h. Education leads toward tolerant and humanitarian attitudes. For example, college
graduates are expected to be more tolerant than (high school graduates in their
attitudes toward ethnic and social groups.
E. PEER GROUPS
These are both social group and primary group of people who have similar
interests (homophily), age, background, or social status. The members of this
group are likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behavior. Peer groups
contain hierarchies and distinct patterns of behavior.
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PEER GROUPS
1. Serve as a source of information
2. Teach gender roles
3. Serve as a practicing venue to adulthood
4. Teach unity & collective behavior in life
5. Identity formation-is a development process where a person acquires a sense of self.
NEGATIVE ATRIBUTES (DISADVANTAGES) OF PEER GROUPS
INFLUENCE
1. Peer pressure-often used to describe instances where an individual feels indirectly
pressured into changing his her behavior to match that of his her peers. Taking up
smoking and underage drinking are two of the best known examples.
2. Future problems 3. Risk behaviors
4. Aggression and pro-social behavior 5. Sexual promiscuity