GROUP 5

Caroc, Tristan XI – St. Titus

Punsalan, Kisha
Thomas, Brendon
Torno, Julian

CRUDE OIL

A. Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon

deposits and other organic materials. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce
usable products such as gasoline, diesel, and various other forms of petrochemicals. It is a
nonrenewable resource, which means that it can't be replaced naturally at the rate we
consume it and is, therefore, a limited resource. Crude oil is typically obtained through drilling
and then processed.

B. Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed

mainly of hydrogen and carbon), though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
Regardless of variations, however, almost all crude oil ranges from 82 to 87 percent carbon by
weight and 12 to 15 percent hydrogen by weight.

Although it is often called "black gold," crude oil has ranging viscosity and can vary in color from
black to yellow depending on its hydrocarbon composition. Distillation, the process by which oil
is heated and separated in different components, is the first stage in refining.

C. Fractional distillation is the use of distillation to separate a liquid mixture into different parts
(fractions) that differ in boiling point. The substances in crude oil have different boiling points,
so they can be separated by fractional distillation.

PROCESS
The mixture is heated in the distilling flask. Then it moves into the fractioning column.
Molecules with lower boiling points will vaporize first separating them from molecules with
higher boiling points. This removes unwanted molecules/compounds purifying the crude oil.
Chemical engineers use separation techniques as a method for separating mixtures (liquids)
into singular compounds.

LABORATORY APPARATUSES NEEDED IN THE EXPERIMENT:

 Fractioning Column
 Delivery Tube
 Thermometer
 Heating Mantle (optional if using flammable liquids)
 Round bottom Flask or a Pear shaped Flask
 Beaker
  Condenser Tube
 Side Arm

CONCLUSION
We therefore conclude that the substances of crude oil can be separated through fractional
distillation. 400 degrees Celsius is the boiling point to see that the crude oil has been separated.