Tackle education head on

Increasing the number of matriculation students from 25,000 to 40,000 will likely result not
only in a larger number of weak SPM students gaining access to matriculation programmes
(securing 3As in the SPM results is deemed good enough for admission for many candidates)
but will also make it even more difficult for STPM candidates to secure places for
competitive courses in local universities.
And when racial quotas are so rigidly applied across the board for local university
admissions, many bright science students with excellent results in the much tougher STPM
exams would likely end up not being given the options they chose in their application for
local university admission. These students might then head south (Singapore) and elsewhere,
and in the process we would lose very good science brains.
We can ill afford to lose these talents, particularly now that our country has to deal with the
challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and make a success of building our economy
based on digital competency.
As such, it is hardly surprising that despite the clarion call to increase the number of
students to take up STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects, the
number of bright SPM students choosing not to do Form Six is increasing steadily. Statistics
show that the number of STPM science candidates has declined from 6,202 in 2016 to 5,475
in 2017, and dropped further by 16.6% to 4,566 in 2018. Chances are the number of STPM
science candidates will continue to dwindle when the system is so biased in favour of
matriculation programmes.
Furthermore, allocating an additional 15,000 places for matriculation students for the
2019 intake will likely have a negative impact on the quality of undergraduate students who
later opt to go into the teaching profession. We already have in our system so many so-called
graduate teachers who simply don’t have what it takes to impart the required knowledge and
skills to their young charges. If we have English language teachers whose command of the
language is shaky, and Science teachers who have not learned their subject matters well, we
cannot expect them to do justice to their subjects.
Common sense dictates that the quality of an education system simply cannot exceed
the quality of its teachers, no matter how many billions of ringgit we pour into grandiose
educational development plans or blueprints. Datuk Mohd Zaid Ibrahim, our prominent local
lawyer turned politician, has bluntly pointed out in his book I, Too, Am Malay that our policy
makers are simply afraid to admit that a lot of our teachers are of questionable quality, and
that our school curriculum is irrelevant and our administrators are being too political (Chapter
7, p 245).
TT
Tangani Kluster Pendidikan
Peningkatkan bilangan pelajar kolej matrikulasi daripada 25,000 ke 40,000 bukan sahaja akan
meningkatkan jumlah besar pelajar SPM yang lemah untuk mengakses ke program
matrikulasi (pelajar yang memperolehi 3A dalam SPM dianggap cukup baik untuk
kemasukan) tetapi juga akan mengakibatkan kesukaran bagi calon STPM untuk memperoleh
tempat di universiti tempatan bagi kursus yang mempunyai permintaan tinggi.
Dan apabila kuota perkauman diterapkan secara tegas di seluruh papan bagi
kemasukan universiti tempatan, ramai pelajar sains yang bijak dengan keputusan cemerlang
dalam peperiksaan STPM kemungkinan besar tidak diberi pilihan yang mereka pilih dalam
permohonan kemasukan ke universiti tempatan. Pelajar-pelajar ini kemudiannya menuju ke
selatan (Singapura) dan ke tempat lain dan menyebabkan kita kehilangan orang yang
berkemahiran.
Kita tidak boleh kehilangan bakat ini, terutamanya negara kita harus menghadapi
cabaran Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat dan membangunkan ekonomi kita berdasarkan
kecekapan digital.
Oleh itu, tidak hairanlah walaupun terdapat permintaan yang luas untuk
meningkatkan bilangan pelajar yang mengambil mata pelajaran STEM (Sains, Teknologi,
Kejuruteraan dan Matematik), bilangan pelajar cemerlang SPM yang tidak memilih
Tingakatan Enam sebagai pendidikan lanjutnya semakin meningkat. Statistik menunjukkan
bahawa jumlah calon sains STPM telah menurun daripada 6,202 pada 2016 kepada 5,475
pada 2017, dan menurun lagi sebanyak 16.6% kepada 4,566 pada 2018. Peluang adalah
bilangan calon sains STPM mungkin akan terus menyusut apabila sistem ini begitu berat
sebelah terhadap program matrikulasi.
Tambahan pula, memperuntukkan 15,000 tempat tambahan untuk pelajar
matrikulasi untuk pengambilan 2019 mungkin akan memberi impak negatif terhadap kualiti
pelajar sarjana muda yang kemudiannya memilih masuk ke profesional perguruan. Kami
sudah ada dalam sistem kami yang banyak yang kononnya guru siswazah yang semata-mata
tidak mempunyai apa yang diperlukan untuk menyampaikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran
yang diperlukan kepada anak murid mereka. Sekiranya kita mempunyai guru bahasa Inggeris
yang bahasa pengaturcaraannya goyah, dan guru Sains yang tidak mempelajari masalah
subjek dengan baik, kita tidak boleh mengharapkan mereka melakukan keadilan terhadap
subjek mereka.
Pengertian umum menunjukkan bahawa kualiti sistem pendidikan tidak dapat
melebihi kualiti guru-guru mereka, tidak kira berapa berbilion ringgit yang kita membabitkan
kepada pelan pembangunan atau pelan pembangunan pendidikan yang besar. Datuk Mohd
Zaid Ibrahim, peguam tempatan kita yang terkenal menjadi ahli politik, dengan tegas
menyatakan dalam bukunya I, Too, Am Malay bahawa pembuat dasar kita hanya takut
mengakui bahawa banyak guru kita mempunyai kualiti yang dipersoalkan, dan kurikulum
sekolah kita adalah tidak relevan dan pentadbir kita terlalu politik (Bab 7, hal 245).
 Five elements of dimensional fit, according to the translation quality assessment
model by Juliane House, 1981 are found in the source text. They are medium, participation,
social role relationship, social attitude and province.

The medium of both ST and TT are written. Written to be read element is found in
the text. This is a focusing device typical of the written mode and the sentences are long.

No. Element ST TT

1. Placing of  And when racial quotas  Dan apabila kuota perkauman

expanded are so rigidly applied
subordinate across the board for local
clauses of
university admissions,
purpose before
the main clause. many bright science
students with excellent
results in the much
tougher STPM exams
would likely end up not
being given the options
they chose in their
application for local
university admission.
ditegaskan di seluruh lembaga
pengurusan kemasukan pelajar
ke universiti tempatan, ramai
pelajar sains yang cemerlang
dengan keputusan baik dalam
peperiksaan STPM yang lebih
sukar, mungkin tidak diberi
pilihan yang mereka pilih
dalam permohonan ke
universiti tempatan.

 Most subordinate clauses can come either before or after the main clause. So,
unlike coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions was stand at the
start of a sentence which is ‘and’. In this sentence, the main clause will be
science students got excellent results in STPM and give option to choose the
university admission.

No. Element ST TT

2. Presence of  We can ill afford to  Kita tidak boleh

expanded lose these talents, menghilangkan pelajar
postnomial
particularly now that yang berbakat ini,
modification.
our country has to terutamanya pada zaman
deal with the sekarang yang negara kita
 challenges of the harus menghadapi cabaran
Fourth Industrial Revolusi Perindustrian
Revolution and make Keempat dan mencapai
a success of building tahap ekonomi yang baik
our economy based berdasarkan kecekapan
on digital digital.
competency.

 The presence of expanded postnominals modification resulting in the

separation of the head of the subject noun phrase and the corresponding finite
verb. The sentence above shows that the subject noun phrase is ‘we can ill
afford to lose these talents’ while the corresponding finite verb is ‘deal with
the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and make a success of
building our economy’.

No. Element ST TT

3. Mathematic  Statistics show that the  Statistik menunjukkan bahawa

formulae number of STPM science
candidates has declined
from 6,202 in 2016 to
5,475 in 2017, and
dropped further by 16.6%
to 4,566 in 2018.
jumlah pelajar aliran sains
STPM telah menurun daripada
6,202 pada tahun 2016 kepada
5,475 pada tahun 2017, dan
menurun lagi sebanyak 16.6%
kepada 4,566 pada tahun 2018.

 The formula is a fact or a rule written with mathematical symbols. It usually

connects two or more quantities with an equal to sign. In the sentence, the
number of students decreased year by year and it shown as percentage form
which is 16.6%. The percentage form also can show as is a dimensionless
number (pure number) and it has no unit of measurement.
No. Element ST TT

4. High degree of  Increasing the  Peningkatan bilangan pelajar

elaboration and number of matrikulasi dari 25,000 hingga
explicitation 40,000 mungkin akan
matriculation
students from 25,000 menyebabkan bukan sahaja
to 40,000 will likely dalam jumlah besar pelajar
result not only in a SPM yang lemah mendapat
larger number of akses ke program matrikulasi
weak SPM students (memperoleh 3A dalam
gaining access to keputusan SPM dianggap
matriculation cukup baik untuk kemasukan
programmes untuk banyak calon) tetapi
juga akan menjadikannya lebih
(securing 3As in the
sukar bagi calon STPM untuk
SPM results is
menjamin tempat untuk kursus
deemed good enough
kompetitif di universiti
for for many
tempatan.
candidates) but will
also make it even
more difficult for
STPM candidates to
secure places for
competitive courses
in local universities.

 We found that both ST and TT was support the organization of the

message. Based on the example in source text, first point of written to be read
is high degree of elaboration and explication because the text itself is highly
elaborated without any confusion. Here we can see that, the writer explained
clearly and described about increasing the number of matriculation students
because of number of weak SPM students gaining access to matriculation
programmes. We can see the different kind of writing in target text. So, the
sentences in target text is too long but easily can understand by the readers.
We think that the writer of source text translated the target text very well
 because he elaborated and described every words of source text which easily
can understand by the target readers.

No. Element ST TT

5. Frequent use of  We already have in our  Kami memang sudah ada

passivization system so many so-called
graduate teachers who
simply don’t have what it
takes to impart the
required knowledge and
skills to their young
charges.
banyak guru-guru siswazah,
yang kononnya, semata-mata
tidak mempunyai apa yang
diperlukan untuk mengasuhi
pengetahuan dan kemahiran
yang diperlukan kepada
pelajar-pelajar mereka.

 Passivization is the transformation of a sentence from an active form to

passive form. Through the process of passivization, the direct object of an
active declarative sentence can become the subject of a passive sentence. The
ST sentence above shows that have a lot of graduate teachers but no required
knowledge and skills to their young. Moreover, TT also use the word
di…….kan which is diperlukan.

The participation of the text is monologue. Declarative sentences have found in the
text as the only element of monologue.

No. Element ST TT

1. Declarative  Common sense dictates  Pengertian umum, kualiti

Sentences that the quality of an
(Monologue) education system simply
cannot exceed the quality
of its teachers, no matter
how many billions of
ringgit we pour into
grandiose educational
development plans or
blueprints.
sistem pendidikan tidak dapat
melebihi kualiti guru-guru
mereka, tidak kira berapa
berbilion ringgit yang kita
tunjukkan kepada pelan
pembangunan pendidikan yang
besar.
  A declarative sentence is a sentence that makes a statement, offers an explanation,
or conveys information. Monologue will be in the form of sentences or narrative
in a story without requiring a response from reader. Thus, the above examples
about writer gave a brief explanation and describe the situation. In this sentence,
writer convey about that the quality of education system not based on billions of
ringgit while it on quality of teachers.

No. Element ST TT

2. Request put to  These students might  Pelajar-pelajar ini

the addressees then head south kemudiannya menuju ke
through modal
(Singapore) and selatan (Singapura) dan ke
auxiliaries of
obligation elsewhere, and in the tempat lain. Ini
process we would menyebabkan kita
lose very good kehilangan pelajar sains
science brains. yang cerdik pandai.

 Variety of sentences or speech acts will make the dialogues interesting. The word
‘might’ in ST shows that the writer used tentatively to ask permission or express a
polite request to do something. Another example is about the word ‘would’ shows
that the indicating the consequence of an imagined event or situation which they
scared that students will head south places to continue the studying but not in local
universities.

The social role relationship of the text is symmetrical which is between writer and
reader. The position of addresser is text writer where the author did not introduce himself to
the readers by mentioned his name in source text and target text. The author just uses the
word ‘we’ in the text. The social role relation of symmetrical in source text is neutrality and
personality. Since the writer does not betray his identity, and does not give specific identities
to his readers. The tables below show the elements of symmetrical. Furthermore, the element,
‘occurrence of elliptical clauses produced by the interlocutors’ mutual interruption’ is briefly
explained in the medium which is also a part of the element in symmetrical.
No. Element ST TT

1. [+human]  These students might  Pelajar-pelajar ini

subject noun then head south kemudiannya menuju ke
phrases
(Singapore) and selatan (Singapura) dan ke
elsewhere, and in the tempat lain. Ini
process we would menyebabkan kita
lose very good kehilangan pelajar sains
science brains. yang cerdik pandai.

 A noun phrase is a phrase consisting of a noun and any modifiers,

complements, or determiners. In the above example, the word ‘these’ act as a
modifier and the word ‘students’ act as a subject noun in the sentence.

No. Element ST TT

2. Action Verbs  If we have English  Jika kita mempunyai guru

language teachers bahasa Inggeris yang tidak
whose command of berfasih bahasa, dan guru
the language is shaky, Sains yang kurang mahir
and Science teachers dalam dalam subjek
who have not learned mereka, maka kita tidak
their subject matters boleh mengharapkan
well, we cannot mereka melakukan
expect them to do keadilan terhadap subjek
justice to their mereka.
subjects.

 An action verb explains what the subject of the sentence is doing or has done. The
above verbs done by author. Then, the action verbs also show the presence of
 active voices in the text. Thus, the more the usage of active voices the higher the
solidarity between the characters. For example, in the above sentence command,
learned and justice are action verbs.

No. Element ST TT

3. Occurrence of  As such, it is hardly  Oleh itu, tidak hairanlah

elliptical surprising that despite the
clauses clarion call to increase
produced by the
the number of students to
interlocutors’
mutual take up STEM (Science,
interruption Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics)
subjects, the number of
bright SPM students
choosing not to do Form
Six is increasing steadily.
walaupun terdapat permintaan
yang luas untuk meningkatkan
bilangan pelajar yang
mengambil mata pelajaran
STEM (Sains, Teknologi,
Kejuruteraan dan Matematik),
bilangan pelajar cemerlang
SPM yang tidak memilih
Tingakatan Enam sebagai
pendidikan lanjutnya semakin
meningkat.

In addition, the social attitude of this text is formal. This text has lexical means which
the texts are well-structured, elaborate, logically sequenced, and strongly cohesive.

No. Element ST TT

1. Deletion of  If we have English  Jika kita mempunyai guru

conjunction “if” language teachers bahasa Inggeris yang tidak
plus subject -
whose command of berfasih bahasa, dan guru
auxiliary
inversion the language is shaky, Sains yang kurang mahir
and Science teachers dalam dalam subjek
who have not learned mereka, maka kita tidak
their subject matters boleh mengharapkan
well, we cannot mereka melakukan
expect them to do keadilan terhadap subjek
justice to their mereka.
subjects.
 We have English
 language teachers
whose command of
the language is shaky,
and Science teachers
who have not learned
their subject matters
well, we cannot
expect them to do
justice to their
subjects.

The province of the text is education system which from online star news. The tables
below highlight the elements of province with the examples of ST.

No. Element ST TT

1. Genre related  SPM, STPM, STEM  SPM, STPM, STEM (Sains,

word/ jargon (Science, Technology, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan
Engineering and Matematik), Universiti,
Mathematics), Program Matrikulasi.
University, Matriculation
Programmes

 Jargon is the specialized terminology associated with a particular field. The

field of the text is related to education. The above examples are used to
portray its related to education. For example, the words SPM, STPM,
University and Matriculation Programmes are most related to education
because students and teachers only use like these words.

No. Element ST TT

2. Use of  Increasing the  Peningkatkan bilangan

adversative number of pelajar kolej matrikulasi
conjunction
matriculation daripada 25,000 ke 40,000
‘but’.
students from 25,000 bukan sahaja akan
to 40,000 will likely meningkatkan jumlah
result not only in a besar pelajar SPM yang
 larger number of lemah untuk mengakses ke
weak SPM students program matrikulasi
gaining access to (pelajar yang memperolehi
matriculation 3A dalam SPM dianggap
programmes cukup baik untuk
(securing 3As in the kemasukan) tetapi juga
SPM results is akan mengakibatkan
deemed good enough kesukaran bagi calon
for admission for STPM untuk memperoleh
many candidates) but tempat di universiti
will also make it even tempatan bagi kursus yang
more difficult for mempunyai permintaan
STPM candidates to tinggi.
secure places for
competitive courses
in local universities.

 To highlight contrasts
 To introduce the main exhortatory (to advise strongly) import of the text in
contrast to information which might produce undesirable attitudes.
 The word ‘but’ is coordinating conjunctions are used to join two independent
clauses to form compound sentence.
 In this sentence, main clause explains that eventhough increasing the number
of matriculation students include the weak students so that STPM candidates
difficult to get the local universities. So that, reason shows the sub clause of
the sentence.

Non-dimensional Mismatches

No Text Problem Strategy

1. BI : Common sense dictates -Different meaning of Omission

that the quality of an effective or expressive
education system simply - The word “grandiose”
cannot exceed the quality of Grandiose does not exist in the
 its teachers, no matter how
many billions of ringgit we
pour into grandiose
educational development
plans or blueprints.
BM : Pengertian umum,
kualiti sistem pendidikan
tidak dapat melebihi kualiti
guru-guru mereka, tidak kira
berapa berbilion ringgit yang
kita tunjukkan kepada pelan
pembangunan pendidikan
yang besar.
2. BI : Common sense dictates
that the quality of an
education system simply
cannot exceed the quality of
its teachers, no matter how
many billions of ringgit we
pour into grandiose
educational development
plans or blueprints.
BM : Pengertian umum,
kualiti sistem pendidikan
tidak dapat melebihi kualiti
guru-guru mereka, tidak kira
berapa berbilion ringgit yang
kita tunjukkan kepada pelan
pembangunan pendidikan
yang besar.
3 Complex sentence
BI : Datuk Mohd Zaid
Ibrahim, our prominent local
lawyer turned politician, has
bluntly pointed out in his
book I, Too, Am Malay that
-Grandiose means “larger target language.
and containing more -In addition, the word
detail than necessary or "grandiose" means the
intended to seem dominant meaning in the
important or great” in verse.
English dictionary. -Therefore, omision
- The word that occur in technique is used so as to
source text which give make the following
expressive meaning. sentences better and
- But words that carry smoother.
such a strong element of
feeling have no match in
the target language.
- There is a problem of Paraphrase
collocation restrictions
that exist to translate - We translated the
this phrase. word “common
sense” as “dengan
-Common sense berfikir secara
praktis......” in the
-Common sense means sentence as
“good sense and sound paraphrase in
judgement in practical target text.
matters” in English
dictionary while in
Cambridge dictionary
means “the basic level of
practical knowledge and
judgement that we all
need to help us live in a
reasonable and safe way”.
- Words that exist in the
source language do not
have specific terms to
translate into the target
text.
- The words "common
sense" collocation in the
source text differently
when translated into the
Malay language target
text.
-Break in two sentence
- Translators have trouble - Break those complex
translating long sentences from the source
sentences. text into two sentences in
-This passage contains the target text.
 our policy makers are simply many complicated -It makes translation
afraid to admit that a lot of sentences. easier and meaning can
our teachers are of -The sentences are very restore.
questionable quality, and difficult to translate into
that our school curriculum is the target language  Suggestion :
irrelevant and our because they do not look i. Datuk Mohd
administrators are being too good once translated. Zaid Ibrahim,
political (Chapter 7, p 245). our prominent
local lawyer
BM : Datuk Mohd Zaid turned
Ibrahim, peguam tempatan politician, has
kita yang terkenal menjadi bluntly
ahli politik, dengan tegas pointed out in
menyatakan dalam bukunya his book I,
I, Too, Am Malay bahawa Too, Am
pembuat dasar kita hanya Malay.
takut. Ini menyebabkan, ii. Our policy
banyak guru kita mempunyai makers are
kualiti yang dipersoalkan, simply afraid
dan kurikulum sekolah kita to admit that a
adalah tidak relevan dan lot of our
pentadbir kita terlalu politik teachers are of
(Bab 7, hal 245). questionable
quality, and
that our
school
curriculum is
irrelevant and
our
administrators
are being too
political.

Quality of Translation

No Text Translation
1 BI : As such, it is hardly surprising that
despite the clarion call to increase the Clarion call
number of students to take up STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering and -Clarion call is a specific phrase in
Mathematics) subjects, the number of bright
English.
SPM students choosing not to do Form Six-when we separate this word as
is increasing steadily. “clarion” which means a sound or
trumpet while the word “call” means
BM : Oleh itu, tidak hairanlah walaupun one of its best known meanings is that
 terdapat permintaan yang luas untuk calls are made over the telephone.
meningkatkan bilangan pelajar yang Another meaning of "call" is the sound
mengambil mata pelajaran STEM (Sains, of people shouting a title given to
Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan Matematik), someone.
bilangan pelajar cemerlang SPM yang tidak
memilih Tingakatan Enam sebagai Simplification
pendidikan lanjutnya semakin meningkat.
-“Clarion call” translated as
“permintaan yang luas”.
-The phrase of “permintaan yang luas”
will be suitable for translate which
convey the contents in text.
- Easy to understand translation and
uses more formal and concise words.
- We thought that it a good translation
which is used simplification method to
easily understand by readers.
2
Science brain
BI : These students might then head south
- A word consisting of one morpheme
(Singapore) and elsewhere, and in thegives birth to a complex meaning.
-The word "brain" in the source text
process we would lose very good science
brains. contains a single morpheme but can
express a more complex set of
BM : Pelajar-pelajar ini kemudiannya meanings in the whole sentence.
menuju ke selatan (Singapura) dan ke -“Brain” means “a human organ” or
tempat lain dan menyebabkan kita “intellectual capacity”.
- Therefore, we feel strange when
kehilangan orang yang berkemahiran.
translating the word "science brain"
because it will mean science brains.

Modulation

-When translated in target text, “Orang

yang berkemahiran” used to replaced
“brain” where means “intellectual
capacity” in source language.
- Used of modulation which is good
translation.

3 BI : We already have in our system so many

so-called graduate teachers who simply
don’t have what it takes to impart the
required knowledge and skills to their young
charges.
So-called
-“So-called” in the source text cannot
be translated into the target text as
there are no matching words for that
purpose.
-“So-called” means “used to show that
something or someone is commonly
designated by the name or term
 BM : Kami memang sudah ada banyak specified”.
guru-guru siswazah, yang kononnya,
Good Translation
semata-mata tidak mempunyai apa yang
diperlukan untuk mengasuhi pengetahuan -The word so-called replaced in target
dan kemahiran yang diperlukan kepada text as “yang kononnya” which is
pelajar-pelajar mereka. good translation.
- Easy to understand translation and
simpler.

4 BI : Increasing the number of matriculation

students from 25,000 to 40,000 will likely
result not only in a larger number of weak
SPM students gaining access to
matriculation programmes (securing 3As in
the SPM results is deemed good enough for
admission for many candidates) but will also
make it even more difficult for STPM
candidates to secure places for competitive
courses in local universities.
-“to secure places for competitive
courses in local universities”
translated as “memperoleh tempat di
universiti tempatan bagi kursus
yang mempunyai permintaan
tinggi” in target text.
-Used method of addition.

BM : Peningkatkan bilangan pelajar kolej

matrikulasi daripada 25,000 ke 40,000
bukan sahaja akan meningkatkan jumlah
besar pelajar SPM yang lemah untuk
mengakses ke program matrikulasi (pelajar
yang memperolehi 3A dalam SPM dianggap
cukup baik untuk kemasukan) tetapi juga
akan mengakibatkan kesukaran bagi calon
STPM untuk memperoleh tempat di
universiti tempatan bagi kursus yang
mempunyai permintaan tinggi..