 What is the universal distinction between a Jig and a Fixture?

Jigs are made to guide the cutting tool while the workpiece remains stationary,
and fixtures are made to guide the workpiece while the machining tool remains
in place.
 How are Jigs identified?
Jigs are further identified by their basic construction. The two common forms of
jigs are open and closed. Open jigs carry out operations on only one, or
sometimes two, sides of a workpiece. Closed jigs, on the other hand, operate
on two or more sides.
 How are fixtures most often identified?
Fixtures are most often identified by the machine tool where they are used.
Examples include mill fixtures or lathe fixtures. However, the function of the
fixture and/or basic construction of the tool can also identify a fixture type.
 What are the two meanings of “tool”; why is important to make the distinction?
The term "tool" encompasses both jigs and fixtures. Essentially, it is a generic term describing a
work holder, which is identified with a part or machine. Sometimes "tool" is used to refer to a
cutting tool or a machine tool, so it is important to make clear distinctions
Production tools
Cutting tools
Hands tools.
 What is a broader term used for jigs and fixtures?
Work holders is a broad term that refers to both jigs and fixtures. A work holder is any device that
holds, supports, and locates a workpiece.

 What is the major separation of permanent and temporary work holders?

The major difference between the various types of work holders, from permanent, to flexible, to
modular and general-purpose work holders is the cost/benefit relationship between the
workholder and the process.
 Give two examples of a general purpose work holder
General-purpose work holders include machine vises, self-centering vises, collet chucks, collet
vises, and chucks. They usually hold regular or symmetrically shaped workpieces; squares,
rectangles, cylinders, hexagons, and similar part shapes.
 What are the three main groups of stakeholders?
The major difference between the various types of work holders, from permanent, to flexible, to
modular and general-purpose work holders is the cost/benefit relationship between the work
holder and the process.
 Give applications for jigs and fixtures aside from machining.
Welding fixtures.
Mechanical-assembly fixtures (Riveting, stapling, stitching, pinning, etc.)
Soldering fixtures.
 Where should locators contact the part?
Whenever practical, position the locators so they contact the workpiece on a machined surface.
The machined surface not only provides repeatability but usually offers a more stable form of
location. The workpiece itself determines the areas of the machined surface used for location.
 Explain the six-point locational method.
3-2-1 principle of location definition The 3-2-1 principle of location, also called the six-point
positioning principle, the 3-2-1 principle of location means that the workpiece has six degrees of
freedom in space, i.e., the freedom of movement along the three right-angle axes of x, y, and z
and the freedom of rotation

3. What is repeatability?
the variation in successive measurements of the same variable taken under the same conditions (e.g.,
same observer, location, instrument, and procedure) in a short period.
“Repeatability” is the ability of the work holder to consistently produce parts within tolerance limits, and is
directly related to the referencing capability of the tool

4. What is meant by the term referencing?

“Referencing” is a dual process of positioning the workpiece relative to the work holder, and the work holder
relative to the cutting tool. Referencing the work holder to the cutting tool is performed by the guiding or setting
devices.
5. What percentage of part tolerance is applied to the tool?
20 - 50% of the part tolerance
6. What is the purpose of foolproofing the tool?
The main purpose of foolproofing is to ensure the workpiece is loaded the correct way each time.
7. What is duplicate locating?
using more than one parallel surface to
8. Where should the clamp contact the part?
At the end of the corner or surface. Above the support
9. What will happen if clamped areas aren’t supported?
It can damage the profile of the workpiece
10. What causes tool forces and how can they be used as an advantage?
Tool forces are used to hold the workpiece preventing part damage.

11. What determines the type and amount of necessary clamping force?
The amount of cutting force calculated
12. Where should the bulk of the tool thrust be directed?
Locater for a solid portion

400%

Bushings, Construction, and Workholders

1. How thick should the jig plate be to support bushing?
Bushing length
2. How much chip clearance should be allowed between the bushing and workpiece when
drilling and reaming?
Half to one and half

3. Drill bushings are identified by letters and numbers, identify the following
P-20-16-.1250?

Press fit bhushing od=20/64” l=16/16” id=.1250”

4. What are the three general categories of drill bushings and define each?
Fixed (or Solid) Drill Bushings:
Fixed drill bushings are permanent fixtures that are pressed or otherwise fixed into a jig or fixture.
Removable (or Renewable) Drill Bushings:
Removable drill bushings are designed to be inserted into and removed from a jig or fixture as needed

Floating (or Slip) Drill Bushings:

Floating drill bushings are designed to allow for slight movement or "float" during the drilling process.

5. What is the purpose of liner bushings?

primarily related to guiding and supporting linear motion
6. How much interference is ideal when installing a bushing in the mounting hole, what other
factors affect the size of the mounting hole?
The amount of interference required when installing a bushing into a mounting hole depends on several
factors, including the material properties of the bushing and the mounting hole, the intended application,
and the desired fit characteristics. In general, a small amount of interference is preferred to ensure a snug fit
between the bushing and the mounting hole, providing stability, proper alignment, and resistance to
loosening or movement during operation.
7. What is the main function of a tool body?
Housing of workpiece
Mounting base for all components.
8. What are the three general categories of tool bodies and what are the main advantages,
disadvantages of each?

Bolting
Welding
Casting

9. Name 3 categories of jigs.

Plate
Angular
welding
10. Name 3 categories of fixtures.
Painting
Welding
assembly
11. Name 3 general purpose work holders.
Vice chuck collars