41. Why is a slight forward torch angle helpful for cutting?

A slight forward torch angle is helpful for cutting because it directs the oxygen stream
towards the molten metal, enhancing the cutting action and facilitating smoother and
faster cuts.

42. Why should cans, drums, tanks, or other sealed containers not be opened with a cutting
torch?
Cans, drums, tanks, or other sealed containers should not be opened with a cutting
torch because they may contain flammable or explosive materials. Using a cutting
torch in such containers can lead to dangerous accidents or explosions.

43. Why is the torch tip raised as the cutting lever is depressed when cutting a hole?
The torch tip is raised as the cutting lever is depressed when cutting a hole to allow the
molten metal and slag to flow freely out of the hole, preventing them from clogging
the cutting path and facilitating a cleaner and more efficient cut.

44. Why are the preheat holes not aligned in the kerf when making a bevel cut?
Preheat holes are not aligned in the kerf when making a bevel cut to ensure that the
preheating flame reaches both sides of the cut evenly, promoting uniform heating and
preventing distortion or warping of the material being cut.

45. What is the best way to set the oxygen pressure for cutting?
The best way to set the oxygen pressure for cutting is to refer to the manufacturer's
recommendations for the specific type and thickness of the material being cut.
Generally, higher oxygen pressures are required for thicker materials, while lower
pressures are suitable for thinner materials.

46. Why is it important to have extra ventilation and/or a respirator when cutting some used
metal?
because it may release harmful fumes, gases, or particles, such as those containing lead
or other toxic substances, which can pose health risks if inhaled.

47. What factors regarding a cut can be read from the sides of the kerf after a cut?
include the quality of the cut (smoothness), the presence of any slag or dross, the
angle of the cut, and any signs of overheating or distortion in the material.

48. What is hard slag?

solid residue left behind after cutting or welding, which is difficult to remove and can
interfere with subsequent welding or cutting operations if not properly cleaned.

49. Why is it important to make good-quality cuts?

ensure structural integrity, proper fit-up, and welding quality. Poor-quality cuts can
lead to welding defects, such as lack of fusion, incomplete penetration, or excessive
porosity, compromising the strength and integrity of the

51. List three things that can become problematic when cutting and affect your ability to
make a quality cut.
incorrect torch angle, improper preheating, and insufficient or excessive oxygen
pressure.

Chapter 31 Review Questions

21. When welding a flat lap joint to ensure that both sheets start melting at the same time,
what must be done?
To ensure that both sheets start melting at the same time when welding a flat lap joint,
it's important to position the torch equidistant from both sheets and maintain
consistent travel speed along the joint.

22. When welding a flat tee joint, what can be done to help prevent the reflected heat from
causing the torch to backfire or pop?
When welding a flat tee joint, to help prevent the reflected heat from causing the torch
to backfire or pop, the torch angle can be adjusted slightly to avoid direct
impingement of the flame on the joint.

23. What welding positions are considered to be out-of-position welding?

Welding positions considered to be out-of-position welding include vertical, overhead,
and horizontal-vertical positions.

27. Why is it important to start with a small bead and build it to the desired size when
starting a horizontal bead?
It is important to start with a small bead and build it to the desired size when starting
a horizontal bead to control heat input and prevent excessive heat buildup, which can
lead to distortion or burn-through, especially on thinner materials.

33. What is it that makes the 6G position particularly difficult?

This position requires a high level of skill and coordination to maintain proper torch
angle, travel speed, and weld bead placement throughout the rotation.