OTHER BASIC

CONCEPTS
SWRK 120
LESSON 1 TOPIC2
 Philippine Sustainable Development Goals

AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the collective long-term vision

and aspirations of the Filipino people for themselves and for the
country in the next 20 years. It describes the kind of life that people
want to live, and how the country will be by 2040. As such, it is an
anchor for development planning across at least four
administrations.
The Philippine Development
Plan 2017-2022 is anchored on
the 0-10 point Socioeconomic
Agenda of the President and is
geared towards AmBisyon Natin
2040 which articulates the
Filipino people’s collective vision
of a MATATAG, MAGINHAWA,
at PANATAG NA BUHAY PARA
SA LAHAT.

It also takes into account the country’s international commitments such as the 2030
UN Sustainable Development Goals.
 TOPICS FOR PRESENTATION

► Women and Gender Development

► Participatory Development;
► Goal oriented Project Management
► Empowerment and Resiliency Model
► Rights Based Approach
► Strengths Based Perspectives
 1) Participatory Development

► “Participatory development is a process

through which stakeholders can influence
and share control over development
initiatives, and over the decisions and
resources that affect themselves.”

-Framework for Mainstreaming

Participatory Development Processes
into Bank Operations, ADB. 1996
Participatory Development

► Participating in formulating the fundamental

goals as well as in planning and carrying out an
activity empowers stakeholders and fosters a
sense of ownership.
► These facilitate effective project
implementation, conscientious monitoring of
activities, and sustainable outcomes.
 Empowering Poor Urban
Communities and Strengthening
Local Institutions (Philippines)
The plan has four (4)stages:
1. Communities engage in action planning and form teams to
address the four components of the project: livelihood, land
security, infrastructure, and social services. A board is formed
that includes the chairs of each team.
2. Community organizations (for each group of households)
become more structured and legitimized. A general
assembly, including either the husband or wife of each
household, is formed and elects its leaders. The community
organization is then equipped to transact business with
external parties.
 Empowering Poor Urban
Communities and Strengthening
Local Institutions (Philippines)
3. Community organizations in a contiguous area are then
organized into clusters, forming a coalition or federation headed
by a cluster council. The cluster council advocates on behalf of
the members of its cluster to the village development council,
based on each community’s development plans.
4. Cluster councils further coalesce into a municipal or citywide
organization in order to represent the community organizations
before the local government decision-making bodies. The
citywide organization assesses city development and housing
and landuse plans, and ensures that cluster needs and priorities
are incorporated into the city development agenda.
Assessments are likewise undertaken of the city and village
budgets to ensure that their use reflects balanced
responsiveness and sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor.
 Conclusion

► Participation works at the project, program and strategic level. An

inclusive and participatory planning process will produce a national
plan that addresses the perceived needs of the citizenry and have
strong ownership by all stakeholders in the country.
► Plans developed through these approaches will have resilience and
integrity over the medium term. A widely accepted national plan will
help mobilize foreign and domestic resources, both human and
material, from the private sector, NGOs, local governments and
communities.
► The integrity of the planning process will allow development partners
to “buy in” to the national plans, thus reducing the transaction costs
of development assistance without the need for donors to develop
their own plans and strategies for the country.
 Three (3) “action” Words as you
Integrate Participatory Processes
into National Planning:

► Listen to what the stakeholders have to say;

► Engage them in planning their future, including
shared responsibilities;
► Respond appropriately; for as citizens they
deserve a response, even if the answer is no
(often the case when Government officials
have to balance the greater public good
against parochial interests).
 2)

The term can also be referred to as project

directed management. It is a project
management methodology focusing on
structuring projects around goals.
► A Goal Oriented Project is a project that is
completely aligned to it’s project goals
► It is a project that has great, clear, project
goals
 Goal-Oriented Project
Management

► Goal orientation
-describes the actions of people and organizations regarding
their primary aims.
-In business, goal orientation is a type of strategy that affects
how the company approaches its revenues and plans for
future projects.
-While all businesses are naturally goal oriented in some way,
goal orientation plays an important role in focus and fund
allocation.
-Goal orientation also plays a part in management styles and
information technology projects.
 A Successful and Goal-Oriented
Project Manager

► A project manager is an expert in the field of assignment management.

They handle a responsibility of planning, executing, controlling, and
closing of any business project. This leader is the individual accountable
for finishing the specific project assigned to his or her team of employees.
► Project Managers are trusted to create accessible objectives for any
business task, meeting the requirements and managing the possible
constraints of the assignment in terms of cost, scope, quality, and time.
He or she frequently represents a client who has to actuate their exact
needs and expectations for the project. They should also be
knowledgeable in forming close contacts with the appointed
representatives.
► The title of being an task manager has become a term globally used for
someone who is given the responsibility to accomplish any task. But it
should actually be used for an individual with full accountability and with
a similar level of authorization required to finish an task. If someone does
not meet the high levels of both factors, he or she is better off called as
an task administrator or expeditor.
 A Successful and Goal-Oriented
Project Manager

► A good project manager has a set of activities that

must be done step by step. They have to define the
assignment, narrow it down into a group of
accomplishable tasks, attain applicable resources,
and form an efficient team to do the duty. They
must set the clear goal of the assignment to induce
motivation to the group of employees they have
assembled into a team to accomplish the task at
hand on schedule.
 A Successful and Goal-Oriented
Project Manager

► Since this manager will be receiving updates of the tasks, he or she

must also inform the stakeholders about the development from time
to time. They should also assess for constraints and risks that could
affect the whole development and provide a preventive solution
before they fall back in schedule. Even if they went through the
critical phase of planning, there can be unpredictable events and a
good PM should be ready to adapt to and manage them.
► He must possess business skills such as leadership abilities since he or
she will be the one to lead a team and make sure that the
regulations are followed. They should always create an effective
rapport with a wide variety of people as they often act as a client
representative. They must be knowledgeable on negotiating,
influencing, and planning skills as well. When unexpected events or
constraints happen, a PM should have excellent problem-solving
skills because an assignment cannot be delayed.
 A Successful and Goal-Oriented
Project Manager

► Project Managers should be able to manage conflicts and have

creative thinking abilities. Since there is a schedule that often needs
to be strictly to be followed in business, they need to have mastered
proper time management skills. Estimating the cost of any project is
critical and a good manager should be able to determine the
necessary budget for any endeavor and stick to it because it is one
of the most important factors for an individual acting in this role.
► A project manager must be careful in letting barriers happen in the
course of the whole assignment. Some of these barriers are poor
communication, bad weather, poorly set goals, disagreements, and
personality collisions. Since it is often inevitable for these unfortunate
events to happen, a project manager must not assume everything
will be on track and must anticipate and prepare a solution ahead of
time for any problem or setback that might arise.
 3) Empowerment and
Resiliency Model

► Resilience refers to a positive adaptation, or ability

to maintain or regain mental health, despite
experiencing adversity” (Herrman, 259).
► “the ability to bounce back from adversity and
successfully adapt to the demands of stressful
situations” (Mak, 2).
► “the process of adapting well in the face of
adversity. Research has shown that resilience is
ordinary, not extraordinary” ("Road to resilience,"
2012).
 Empowerment and
Resiliency Model

Principle of Self- empowerment:

► Stresses the clients rights and
responsibility in the development of
human empowerment.
► “People empower themselves: social
workers should assist” (Boehm, 450).
 Empowerment and
Resiliency Model

Key Elements:
⮚ Knowledge
⮚ Behavioral skills
⮚ Self- responsibility
 Empowerment and
Resiliency Model

Tying the two together:

► The strengths based perspective helps build a persons
resilience while empowerment is at the core of the
perspective.
► Resilience and empowerment work together and lead to
wellness for the individual.
► Empowerment is used as helping process to assist people to
use their strengths to overcome their challenges while
Resilience is the ability to recover quickly from adversity; as
well as the continuation of growth, knowledge, insight, and
virtues.
 Principles of
Strengths Based Perspective

1.) Everyone has strengths

2.) Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle can
also be bases for challenge and
opportunity
3.)Collaboration with client works best
4.) Every environment is full of resources
 Empowerment and
Resiliency Model

► “Developmental RESILIENCE, healing

and WELLNESS, solution focused
therapy, asset based community
development” (Rankin, 5).
► The strengths perspective involves
empowerment as a major part as well
as resilience and wellness; you can’t
have one without the other.
 How can you apply resilience
and empowerment model
in our course?

► In writing proposals we have to ensure that

clients are given the opportunity to improve
themselves through community building
activities
► Social work students should empower
individuals and include these concepts
when working with people
4) Rights Based Approach

► Thehuman rights-based approach

focuses on those who are most
marginalized, excluded or discriminated
against. This often requires an analysis of
gender norms, different forms of
discrimination and power imbalances to
ensure that interventions reach the most
marginalized segments of the population.
 Rights Based Approach

The Human Rights-Based Approach

⮚ The equal and inalienable rights of all human
beings provide the foundation for freedom,
justice and peace in the world, according to
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.
 Rights Based Approach

► A human rights-based approach also seeks to

reinforce the capacities of duty bearers (usually
governments) to respect, protect and
guarantee these rights. It aims to address
development complexities holistically, taking
into consideration the connections between
individuals and the systems of power or
influence. And it endeavours to create
dynamics of accountability.
 Principles of the New Human Rights-Based
Framework for Development

► Universality ‘Human rights are inalienable, in that they

cannot be taken away from someone or voluntarily
given up.’ The universality principle is what distinguishes
human rights from other acquired rights such as
citizenship rights and contractual rights.
► Non-Discrimination and Equality ‘Everyone is entitled to
all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or other status.’ Human rights
apply to everyone everywhere and under any
circumstance.
 Principles of the New Human Rights-
Based Framework for Development

► Indivisibility ‘Rights are indivisible and should be taken in a

holistic way.’ No one right is more important than another. For
instance, we cannot negotiate with one group to get some
rights and let go of other rights. Using RBA for development,
we might set priorities to fulfil rights, but it does not mean that
we let go of other rights.
► Interdependence and Interrelatedness. ‘All human rights are
closely interrelated and interdependent and affect one
another.’ The right to education affects the right to work and
the right to good health, and vice versa. This principle helps us
to link the root causes of problems to the symptoms of the
problem.
 Principles of the New Human Rights-
Based Framework for Development

► Participation ‘Participation is an essential right.’ This is

stated in the first article of the UN Declaration on the
Right to Development. It means that everyone is
entitled to freely fully contribute to, participate in and
enjoy political, economic, social and cultural
development of their communities. The right to
participate needs to be protected and guaranteed
by the state and other entities.
► The Rule of Law Rights must be protected by both
strong legislations as well as an independent judicial
system to ensure that the law is fair and is applied to
all people.
 Principles of the New Human Rights-
Based Framework for Development

► Accountability This principle is another key one for human

rights. The whole idea about rights is that they must be
delivered. In other words, there is an obligation to give these
rights to their right holders. All people have rights and are
called right holders. The people or entities who are obliged to
deliver and ensure these rights are called duty bearers.
► We can think of anyone as a right holder as well as a duty
bearer. However most of the time duty bearers are the
governments and other bodies of state (hereafter referred to
as the State).
► The Rights Based Approach also recognizes that other non-
state parties could be duty bearers.
 5) Strengths Based
Perspective

► In social work practice, the strengths perspective

has emerged as an alternative to the more
common pathology-oriented approach to helping
clients. Instead of focusing on clients' problems and
deficits, the strengths perspective centers on clients'
abilities, talents, and resources.
► The social worker practicing from this approach
concentrates wholly on identifying and eliciting the
client's strengths and assets in assisting them with
their problems and goals (Saleebey, 2006).
 Strengths Based
Perspective

► “The strengths based perspective is a dramatic

departure from conventional social work practice.
► Practicing from strengths orientation means this-
everything you do as a social worker will be
predicated on helping to discover, explore, and
exploit clients strengths and resources in the service
of assisting them to achieve their goals and realize
their dreams” (Rankin, 5).
 Strengths Based
Perspective

People taking control of their own lives in healthy,

meaningful and sustainable ways.
• Focus on trusting, meaningfulness, and relationships
• Empowering people to take a lead in their own care
process
• Working in collaborative ways on mutually agreed upon
goals
• Drawing upon the personal resources of motivation and
hope
• Creating sustainable change through learning and
experiential growth
 This emphasis on strengths
is founded on the following beliefs
:
❑ All people have strengths and capacities
❑ People can change. Given the right conditions and resources, a person’s
capacity to learn and grow can be nurtured and realized
❑ People change and grow through their strengths and capacities
❑ People are experts of their own situation
❑ The problem is the problem, not the person
❑ Problems can blind people from noticing and appreciating their strengths
and capacity to find their own meaningful solutions
❑ All people want good things for themselves and have good intentions
❑ People are doing the best they can in light of their experiences to date
❑ The ability to change is within us – it is our story
(Rapp & Goscha, 2006; Alvord & Grados, 2005).
 Principles of the
Strength-Based Approach
► The strengths approach as a philosophy of practice draws one away
from an emphasis on procedures, techniques and knowledge as the
keys to change. It reminds us that every person, family, group and
community holds the key to their own transformation and meaningful
change process.
► The real challenge is and always has been whether we are willing to
fully embrace this way of approaching or working with people. If we
do, then the change needs to start with us, not with those we serve.
Embracing a strength-based approach involves a different way of
thinking about people and of interpreting their patterns of coping
with life challenges.
► With a strength-based mindset, one asks different questions and
communicates in ways that invites a curious exploration based upon
a clear set of values and attitudes.
10 minutes break
Reflection Paper
►Knowing all these concepts in
mind, choose one concept that
you understood well and think
how you can apply these in
formulating development projects
in the community. Cite examples
to explain your answer.
►15 minutes
 References

REFERENCES
► PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING by Richard S. Ondrik, Asian
Development Bank: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/226262-
1143156545724/Brief_ADB.pdf
► A Successful and Goal-Oriented Project Manager: http://www.sixsigmaonline.org/six-sigma-training-
certification-information/a-successful-and-goal-oriented-project-manager/
► What Is Goal Orientation?: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/goal-orientation-20360.html
► AoPM #4: Goal Oriented Project Management AUGUST 16, 2015 BY AARON MCCARTHY,
http://aaronmccarthy.co/4/
► Hman Rights Based Approach: http://www.unfpa.org/human-rights-based-
approach#sthash.ZpzWyXec.dpuf
► Resilience and Empowerment By: Lindsey, Summer, & Liz,
http://www.slideshare.net/lizzywolf/resilience-and-empowerment
► Introduction to Rights Based Approach: http://www.replace-campaign.org/resources/introduction-
to-the-rights-based-approach.pdf
► Strengths Perspective:
http://socialwork.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acrefore-
9780199975839-e-382
► A Strengths-Based Perspective, Wayne Hammond and Rob Zimmerman:
https://www.esd.ca/Programs/Resiliency/Documents/RSL_STRENGTH_BASED_PERSPECTIVE.pdf
THANK
YOU!