Good evening…Research about RIZAL’S EXILE, ARREST AND EXECUTION.

Take note for important information and be ready for individual presentation and open
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RIZAL’S EXILE, ARREST AND EXECUTION
RIZAL’S EXILE
Jose Rizal’s arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become very sensational among the Filipinos, His
Popularity feared the Spaniards, and such paid careful attention to his every move – all houses where he had
been were searched and the Filipinos seen in his company were suspected.
As he had planned, on July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in
Tondo, Manila.
Four days after the civic organization’s foundation, Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four
grounds:
1. For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles;
2. For having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in
violation of the Spanish orders;
3. For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) and for
emphasizing on the novel’s title page that “the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the
mother country (referring to Spain)”, and
4. For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture.

RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN

 July 17, 1892 – Rizal, together with his guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, arrived in Dapitan.
 Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of the parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at Carnicero’s
house
 He could live in the priest’s quarters only if.
 He publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs
 He regularly participate in church rites
 He conduct himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of religion
 Rizal made him a bust and composed a poem in his honor A Don Ricardo Carnicero on his
birthday on August 26, 1892.
RIZAL LIFE IN TALISAY
 Both men betted on the lottery and won 20,000 pesos
 Lottery Ticket Number: 9736
 He used his money to build an octagonal house made up of bamboo and nipa in Talisay
 Rizal built a school and accepted students with no tuition
 The other part was used for his eye clinic
 He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were free to visit him in Dapitan
 Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow his mother and sister to join him in Dapitan
 May 4, 1893 – Carnicero was replaced by Captain Juan Sitges
 He did not want living with a deportee
  He assigned Rizal to live in a house near the headquarters
 The Jesuits sent is old professor at the Ateneo, Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – to entice him back to
the Church
 He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up at night with coconut oil lamps
 Rizal fell fall in love with the eighteen-year old Josephine Bracken.
 Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required that Rizal
retract his beliefs
 Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at Josephine with suspicion and condescension
 Pablo Mercado – a spy of friars who posed as Rizal’s relative (Florencio Namaan) – his true name)
 Pio Valenzuela – an emissary of Andres Bonifacio, he was asking for advice on how to launch a
revolution. He offered to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping from Dapitan
 Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the revolutionaries must have enough arms and weapons

THE END OF THE DAPITAN EXILE

 When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General
Ramon Blanco offering his service as a military doctor.
 Governor general Ramon Blanco – he approved the request of Rizal on July 1, 1896.
 At the midnight of the day, he left aboard the steamer España
 The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor
 He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours.
 August 6, 1896 – upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain since
the vessel Isla de Luzon already left.
 He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed there for a month from August 6 to
September 2, 1896
 August 19, 1896 - the Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by means of Revolution, it was
discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino’s disclosure of organization’s secrets
 At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and the Philippine Revolution was already raging.
 Auguts 26, 1896 – Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution (Sigaw sa Pugadlawin) in
the hills of Balintawak, a few miles North of Manila.
 In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state of was in the first eight provinces for
rising arms against Spain.
 Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac
 Rizal received letters from Governor General Blanco which absolved him from all the blame for raging
revolution
 He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona, Spain
 Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection of British Law

ARREST AND TRIAL

 September 30 – the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and was now sailing in the
Mediterranean
 A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed under arrest
 Bernardino Nazaleda – Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was said to be
the spirit of Philippine Revolution
  October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a prison-fortress, Montjuich
Castle
 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be shipped back to Manila
 On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was taken abroad the Colon which was loaded
with Spanish troops sailed for Manila.
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez – they exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore
who could aid them friend
 Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in Singapore
 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Singapore denied the request
 November 3, 1896 – the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort Santiago
 November 20, 1896 – Rizal was brought before a Spanish military tribunal headed by Colonel
Francisco Olive
 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution
 Governor General appointed Captain Rafael Dominquez to institute charges against Rizal
 Lt. Luis Traviel de Andrade – the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard Jose
Traviel de Andrade
 December 13 – the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilio de Polavieja – replacement of
Governor Blanco
 Rizal’s actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de
España in Fort Santiago
 Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations
 In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments
 The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty
 December 28, 1896 – Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant ordering him to be shot
at 7:00 o’clock in the morning at Bagumbayan
 Rizal signed saying that he was innocent

RIZAL’S FINAL DAYS

Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel
Fr. Miguel Sederra Mata. Rector of the Ateneo Municipal anf Fr. Luis Viza
Fr. Visa brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Fr. Antonio Rosel – he ate breakfast with Rizal
Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services
Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon
At the three o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and tried to persuade Rizal to retract his
Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm
After he left, Rizal’s mother and sister arrived
Rizal gave and alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her
in English “There is something inside”
He also told her to look inside his shoes after he is executed
After his family left, Fathers Vilaclara and Balguer again arrived to convince Rizal to Retract
By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Visa and again talked with Rizal on religious
matters. At this point, they were joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia.
At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda
Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi – the superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines
At 11:30, Rizal signed his retraction from the Freemasonry and it was witnessed by Juan del Freno –
the chief of the guard details and the Adjustant of the Plaza Elroy Moure
After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr. Vilaclara and rested afterwards
At 5:00am, Rizal had his last breakfast, autographed his remaining books which became his last
souvenirs
Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage of Rizal and Josephine
Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo by Thomas Kimpis which he autographed
Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters to Parents, Dr.Blumentritt and Paciano
At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to Bagumbayan began
At colonel took Rizal to the site of this execution
Rizal had requested the firing squad to spare his head which was granted
He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied
Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and found that it was normal.
The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means of his saber and there was a simultaneous
crack of gunfire and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with his face facing the sun
The Spanish spectators shouted Viva España!
The military band played Marcha de Cadiz
Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery where later it was traced by his sister
The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in Higino Mercado’s house in Binondo and were given to Doña
Teodora
His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in Luneta