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Role of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana in Employment Generation in

India: A Conceptual Study

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SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Challenges and Way Forward

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194 SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

Role of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas

Yojana in Employment Generation in India:
A Conceptual Study
SurinderSingh and Kamal Goel

Abstract
To reduce the unemployment, Government of India has been taken a number of initiatives from the
very beginning. But these initiatives become less effective with apassage of time. Consequently, the
Government of India decided to introduce a skill-based programme namely Pradhan Mantri Kaushal
Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). The present paper is an attempt to understand the concept of PMKVY and
to know the role of it in employment generation. Hence, it is found that PMKVY helps in render the
employment opportunities as they got nearly 50 per cent placements at their training centres. But, the
Government of India has to do more efforts to upgrade the skills among youth through this programme.

KEY WORDS: Government of India, PMKVY, Employment, Skills, Youth

Introduction
The development of any nation depends on various factors such as the government,
theirpeople, technology etc. In these factors people plays a very important role in the
growth andthe development of the country. Especially in the country like India where
more than 50 per-cent of the population is youth and the youth have the capability to take
the country to new heights. But there are some problems also, the problem is related to
generation of employment and reduction of unemployment in the country.
A large number of youth in the country is unemployed. To eradicate this problem
various schemes have been launched by the government of India right from the time of
independence such as: Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), National Rural
Employment Programme (NREP), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY), Nehru Rozgar Yojana
(NRY),Swaran Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) etc.
As, a number of schemes were launched earlier but the problem of generation of
employment and reduction of unemployment in the country remains the question mark.
So the government of India launched the next level scheme named Pradhan Mantri
Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY), the scheme that is based on the employment through
skill development.
SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD 195

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): is the flagship scheme of the
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) launched in year 2015.
The objective of this scheme is to enable a large number of Indian youth to take an
industry level relevant skills that will help them in earning the better livelihood. There are
some individuals those already havesome prior learning, these individuals are also assessed
in this Yojana and they are given the certificate of Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).
There are some key components of the PMKVY these are: (i) Short term training:
training where lakhs of youths are trained, assessed and certified. (ii) Special Projects:
projects that facilitate the training in special areas. (iii) Kaushal Rozgar Mela: mela that is
organised by training centres after six months of training. (iv) Placement Assistance:
focusing on linking the candidates with potential employers. (v) Continuous Monitoring.
(vi) Training and assessment fees are paid by the government.
The paper seeks to understand the concept of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana
(PMKVY) and its role in the employment generation in India.
Review oF Literature
Fatima (2017) analysed the employment generation and development strategy during
the Preand Post liberalisation period in India with the help of major schemes and also
focused on finding the policy gap that that crashed the actual performance of the
employment generation programmes and found that corruption in employment generation
agencies as well as in the government system was adversely affecting the employment
possibilities.
Royand Rani (2017) explored the role of government initiatives in motivating youth
towards agriculture by inculcating the different multifarious schemes of the government
that were based on the principle of sustainable development and suggested that coordination
between the various departments and their youth development schemes can help the
government in motivating youth towards agriculture.
Patnaik etal. (2018) analyzed the role of ITES in Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana.
For the analysis of study secondary data was used. The study focused on the positive sides
of the programs and found that the initiative was better that other initiatives of the
government as government has taken this initiative to the next level and the contribution
of ITES cannot be ignored.
Digal (2019) examined the role of entrepreneurship towards employment generation
in India and found that recent policy reforms such as Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship (MSDE), National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), National Skill
Development Corporation (NSDC), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
focusing on the skill development so that the sustainable development can take place in
the field of entrepreneurship in India.
Parihar (2019) discussed the role of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana and its
impact on the trucking industry in India. In the analysis of study, secondary data was
used and found that in this initiative no such efforts made for the proper training and skill
196 SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

development of commercial vehicle drivers of trucking industry. The study further suggested
that government should introduce the incentive programmes so that the young
entrepreneurs and large trucking operators be motivated to start the training and other
skill development techniques for the drivers.
Chakrovorty and Bedi (2019) analyzed the skill training and employment outcomes
in the rural Bihar by conducting a sample survey with the help of local NGO and 526
samples were taken for the analysis of study to check the employment status of the trainees
after 2-6 months of the training and founds that 64.6 per-cent of the participants were not
satisfied with the training they received at the training centres. Within training large number
of graduated were placed but after 2-6 months they lost their jobs and it was found that
training did not help graduates in retaining their employment status.
Research Gaps
The above literature review clearly shows that since the independence number of
employment generation schemes have been introduced by the Government of India. There
are number ofstudies related to the employment generation and employment generation
schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). However, after
reviewing the literature there is no such study focuses on the role of PMKVY in the
employment generation.The study seeks to better capture the concept of PMKVY and its
role in employment generation so that people will able to know the importance of PMKVY
among youth.
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are given as under:
i. Tounderstand the theme of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Yojana (PMKVY).
ii. To know the role of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana in employment
generation.
Research Design
The paper studies role of PMKVY. The study is of exploratory-cum- descriptive innature.
Inthestudy, secondary data wereused. These condary data were collected from websites
and research reports. The geographical scope of research is in India. The datawere analysed
through simple statistical techniques such as frequency distribution andper centage.
2. Conceptual Note of PMKVY
Following are the aspects which are being covered under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal
Vikas Yojana:
(i) Job crisis: On one hand young population of India is one of the major factors in
the growth and development of the economy and on the other hand the same
population does not have the employment. So, it may be stated that there is
unemployment and problem of employment generation in the country. It is
assumed that by 2025, 25 per cent of the world workforce will be Indian and the
SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD 197

same condition will continue till 2050. Here arise the question how will the
workforce will be placed, So in 2015 Government of India introduced the
PMKVY a flagship programme of MSDE that focuses on the skill development
of the youth and thereby placing the youth in jobs according to their skills.
(ii) Unemployable youth: The problem of employment generation is not only the
reason of unemployment, one of the main reasons is youth is unemployable.
Majority of youth does not fit in the requisite skill structure of the companies. No
doubt youth are educated but they are not skilful. So government introduced the
PMKVY that focuses on the skill development of the youth through its training
centres where the training is short term and make the youth employable.
(iii) Less effectiveness of past programmes: it is found that a number of programmes
have been introduced by the government since independence such as Integrated
Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Jawahar RozgarYojana (JRY), Nehru
Rozgar Yojana etc. All these programmes focused on reducing the unemployment
in the country but none of the programme is able to reduce the unemployment,
the reason is no programme focused on the skill development of youth, PMKVY
is introduced that focuses on the skill development of the youth thereby providing
them proper training an training centres and thereby assessing their performance
and giving them proper certification and ultimately help in reducing the
unemployment.
(iv) Next level scheme: PMKVY is the next level scheme of the government as it
focuses on employment through Skill Development. The skill development is
given in more than 30 sectors and make the youth techno-files. Also, this scheme
motivates the youth to be self-reliant or to be AATMNIRBHAR. Youth are
motivated to be an entrepreneur so that they can also be an Employment Generator
not taker.
PMKVY and Employment Generation
Training in PMKVY is given in three ways namely:
(i) Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL): In RPL the candidates with prior learning
are included for training and assessment.
Table1:Candidates Enrollment in RPL as on 30 April 2021

No.ofcandidates

Enrolledcandidates 62,72,669

OngoingTraining 0

TrainedCandidates 61,39.950

AssessedCandidates 53,67,190

CertifiedCandidates 50,78,575

Source:https://pmkvyofficial.org/
198 SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

(ii) Short term Training:

Table2: Candidates Enrollment in Short term training as on 30th April 2021

Enrolled candidates 49,72,051

Ongoing Training 18,452

Trained Candidates 45,40,149

Assessed Candidates 41,83,194

Certified Candidates 37,52,746

Reported Placed 19,59,457

Per centage Placed 52.21

Source:https://pmkvyofficial.org/

(i Special Projects:

Table3: Candidates Enrollment in Special Projects as on 30th April 2021

Enrolled Candidates 2,39,436

Ongoing Training 0

Trained Candidates 2,19,567

Assessed Candidates 1,83,280

Certified Candidates 1,54,714

Reported Placed 73,963

Per centage Placed 47.81

Source:https://pmkvyofficial.org/

AsperthedatagiveninabovetablesshowstheemploymentgenerationthroughPMKVY.
Now as per the percentage of candidates placed the analysis is done with the help of
segmentation.
(i) Segmentation on the basis of gender:Total placement under the PMKVY is 54
per cent. Of these total placements 52per cent are female and 48 per cent are male.
(ii) Sectoral Segmentation: In the sectoral segmentation sectors with highest reported
placement are taken, in these Apparel contributes 20 per cent, Electronic and
Hardware 54 per cent, Retail 10 per cent and Beauty and wellness about 7 per
cent.
(iii) Reported Placements: Out of total placements in PMKVY 2 per cent of the
candidates are the Apprentice, 80 per cent of the candidates are in wage
employment and 18 per cent of the candidates are self-employed.
 SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA : CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD 199

Conclusions
Since independence a large number of programmes are introduced by the government
of India. Hence, it may be concluded that the PMKVY is a flagship programme of MSDE
and plays an important role in generation of employment and there by helps in reducing
the unemployment by its Skill Development feature. The study further found that PMKVY
helped the youth in making them skill oriented. Further, it is also found that more than
half of the candidates are placed within their training centres. Importantly, majority is of
female candidates and some of them are self-employed. Therefore the study suggests that
more efforts are needed on the part of Government in terms of increase in the number of
centres, and training centres in terms of increase in skill development programmes as well
as the per centage of placements.
References
Fatima, Nadia. (2017). Employment Generation and Development Strategy during thePre and
Post Globalisation Period in India: Major Schemes Overview. International Journal of
Research Culture Society, 1(7),122-129.Retrieved on May 13,2021.
Rani, Anshu, and Roy, Pinaki. (2017). Youth in Agriculture: Role of Government Initiatives.
Journal of Agricultural Extension Management, 18(2), 166-175. Retrieved on May13, 2021.
Patnaik, B.C.M.; Satpathy, Ipseeta, and Suhagin, Snigdha. (2018). Role of ITES inPradhan
Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): A conceptual study. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(9),907-914. Retrieved on May13, 2021.
Digal, Kishan. (2019). Role of Entrepreneurship towards Employment Generation in Indian
Perspective: A Theoretical Discourse. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences,9(4),
1387-1395. Retrieved on May14, 2021.
Parihar, Mahendra. (2019). Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana and Trucking Industry in
India: A Way Ahead for Betterment. International Journal of Advance and Innovative
Research,6(1), 5-9. Retrieved on May 14, 2021.
Chakrovorty, Bhaskar, and Bedi, Arjun. S. (2019). Skill Training and EmploymentOutcomes in
Rural Bihar. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 62, 173-199. Retrieved on May 14,
2021.
https://pmkvyofficial.org/, Retrieved on May12,2021.

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